2023年北京市重點(diǎn)大學(xué)附中高考英語三模試卷-普通用卷

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2023年北京市重點(diǎn)大學(xué)附中高考英語三模試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共14小題，共28.0分）ASpendsixnightsworkingwithrangers（護(hù)林員）whilehelpingtopreserveYosemiteNationalPark!

Yosemiteisoneoftheworld'smostbelovednationalparks.AsvolunteersinYosemiteValley，wehelprangersfixtrailsandrepairfragilenaturalresources.Nopreviousexperiencenecessary，ourleadersprovidethetrainingweneedtocompletetheworkathand.

Activities

Volunteersshouldbecomfortablehikinguptotwomileseachday.Toassessyourfitness，youarerequiredtohikestairsfor2-3mileswithadaypackweighing10-15poundsatthefitnesstest.

What'sIncluded

AllmealsfromdinneronDay1throughbreakfastonDay7；campgroundreservations；grouptools；transportationfromcampgroundtoworksites；orientationandtraining；parkentrancefees.

Accommodations

Camping，6nights（bringyourowntent）.

YourAdventureItinerary（日程）

Day1

Meetfororientationandenjoyawelcomedinner.Anorientationmeetingwillbeconductedtoprovidevolunteerswithanoverviewofthescheduledworkprojectsaswellastraininginpropertooluseandsafety.

Days2-5

Workingwithparkrangers，assistintrailmaintenanceandrestoration.Duringthesethreedays，weplantoworkfrom9a.m.-4p.m.withanhourscheduledforlunch.WereturntoYellowPinesCampgroundeacheveningfordinnerandrelaxation.

Day6

ExploreYosemiteNationalParkonyourmuchdeservedrestday.ChallengeyourselfonahikeuptheMistTrail，relaxbytheMercedRiver，orreadabookinapeacefulmeadow—thisdayisallyours.

Day7

DepartYosemiteforhome.Volunteerswishingtostaylongermaymakereservationsatothercampgroundsorlodginginthepark.1.IntheYosemiteVolunteerProject，volunteersaresupposedto______.A.replacetherangers

B.helptouristscarrydaypacks

C.haverelevantworkingexperience

D.restoreeasilydamagednaturalresources2.Whatisincludedinthevolunteerprogrampackage？______A.Personalcampingequipment.

B.Transportationfromhometoworksites.

C.Allmealsandaccommodationinahotel.

D.Campgroundbookingsandparkadmissionfees.3.Whatistherecommendedactivityduringtherestdayoftheproject？______A.Relaxingbyariver.

B.Guidingareadingactivity.

C.Participatinginaguidedhike.

D.Assistingatanorientationmeeting.BThestudentarrivedearly，satfrontandcenter，andstoodoutinmyclassroominmorewaysthanone.I'dsaythathewasabout40yearsolderthanhisclassmatesinmyundergraduatecommunicationsclass.Heeagerlyjumpedintoclassdiscussions，withhishumorandwisdomofexperience.Andhewasalwaysrespectfuloftheotherstudents'perspectives，asifeachofthemwereateacher.JerryValenciawalkedinwithasmile—andheleftwithonetoo.

"ThesestudentsgavemetheconfidencethatIdidn'tneedtofeelbadaboutmyage，"Valenciasays.

Oneday，IspottedValenciaoncampus.Hesaidhewouldhavetostoptakingclassesthatsemesterandreapplyfornextyear.Bythen，hehopedtohaveearnedenoughmoneyandhavehisstudent-loanpapersinorder.Heaskedseriouslywhetherhecouldstillsitinonmycommunicationsclass.

Sure，Isaid.Buthewouldn'tgetanycredit.

Noproblem，hesaid.

Soontherehewasagain，backathisolddesk，jumpingintoourdiscussionsonhowtofindandtellstoriesinLosAngeles—a63-year-oldmanwithasmuchenergyandcuriosityasanyoftheyoungstersinclass.

AlotofValencia'sclassmatesapparentlyknewhecouldn'taffordthatsemester'stuitionbutwasstilldoingthehomework."Hereheis，willinglytakingaclassforthedelightofitandbenefitoflearning，"saysJessicaEspinosa，a25-year-oldjunior.Afterward，IoverheardValenciawantedtostayinschooluntilheearnedamaster'sdegree，butithadtakenhim12yearstofinishcommunitycollege，sohehadalongwaytogo.

ThereissomethingsplendidlyunreasonableaboutValencia'sdeterminationtogetafour-yeardegreeandthenamaster's.Athiscurrentpace，he'llbe90whenhefinallyhangsallthatpaperonthewall.Butthatdoesn'tseemespeciallyrelevant.He'sfoundalltheyouthfulenergyandacademicopportunitystimulating.Valencia'sgradeinmyclassthissemesterwillnotshowuponhistranscripts（成績單）.ButI'mgivinghimanA—andinthemostimportantways，itcounts.4.WhatmadeValenciadifferentfromhisclassmates？______A.Hewasrespectfultotheteacher.

B.Heactivatedtheclassatmosphere.

C.Hewaseagertolearndespitehisage.

D.Heoftenputforwarddifferentopinions.5.Accordingtotheauthor，whydidValenciacontinuetoattendclasses？______A.Hetreasuredthechanceoflearning.

B.Hewishedtoshowhisdetermination.

C.Heneededthecreditstofurtherhisstudy.

D.HedesiredtohaveanAonhistranscripts.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesValencia？______A.Modestandindependent. B.Energeticandgenerous.

C.Enthusiasticandmotivated. D.Considerateandintelligent.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？______A.Nopains，nogains.

B.Itisnevertoooldtolearn.

C.Striketheironwhileitishot.

D.Wherethereislife，thereishope.CAheavyfeelingonthechest.Athroatthat'sleaden.Anoverwhelmingfeelingofisolation.Lonelinesshurts—and，overtime，itcanputthebodyintoastatethatincreasesourriskofeverythingfromheartattackandstroketodiabetesandcancer.So，evolutionarilyspeaking，whydoweexperienceit？

StephanieCacioppo，aneuroscientistattheUniversityofChicagoPritzkerSchoolofMedicine，saysthatcountlessstudieshavehelpedresearchersformulateaholistic（全面的）purposeforloneliness."Oursocialstructuresevolvedhandinhandwithneural，hormonalandgeneticmechanismstosupportthesesocialstructures—likecouples，tribesandcommunities—thathelpussurviveandreproduce，"saysCacioppo.Becausewhilelonelinessmaybepainfultoexperiencetoday，forourprehistoricancestorsthatpainwouldhavebeenafarbetteralternativetobeingcaughtalonewithapredatorontheprowl（潛行）.

Beingsocialhaditsdownsidesevenbackthen—competitionforfood，forexample，orcontributiontothespreadofpathogens（病原體）.Butscientiststhinkweevolvedtofeellonelinessbecauseitwasmoreimportanttoworkwithoneanothertoaccomplishtasksandtoprotecteveryone."Thepainoflonelinesspromptedustorenewthesocialstructuresowecouldsurviveandpromotekeyfeaturesliketrust，cooperationandcollectiveaction，"explainsCacioppo.

Foryears，researchersthoughtoflonelinessasadisease.Butnow，they'rerealizingthatit'smoreofabiologicalhungersignalthatremindsuswhenit'stimetoreconnectwiththosearoundustopromoteourshort-termsurvival.Iftheoutcomesoflonelinesswereentirelynegative，itwouldnolongerbeapartofourDNA."Hungerandthirstprotectourphysicalbodywhilelonelinessprotectsoursocialbody，"saysCacioppo.

Lonelinessimpactsusalldifferently.Someofusmayfindcertainsituationslonelyevenwhileothersdon't.There'salsoageneticcomponent：Someofusareborntofeellonelierthanothers.Otherfactorsplayarole，too.Thewayweweretreatedaschildrencanalsoinformhowlonelywefeelasadults.Lonelypeoplespendmostoftheirtimedeepwithintheirownimaginations；theymayconceptualizesocialencounterssomuch，infact，thatthispartoftheirbrainisinoverdrive.Thatmeanseventhoughtheymaybedesperatetoformconnections，whenthey'rearoundotherpeople，they'reactuallylesslikelytobepresent.8.Asforloneliness，whichwouldtheauthoragreewith？______A.Itcanleadtoseriousmentalproblemsinadulthood.

B.Itholdspotentialrisksanddisadvantagestoindividuals.

C.Itmayreflectaperson'sstrongdesiretohavesocialbonds.

D.ItisperceivedinthesamewayasitisdemonstratedbyourDNA.9.Scientistsbelievethatlonelinessis______.A.beneficialbutrisky B.painfulbutnecessary

C.naturalandpowerful D.personalandharmful10.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？______A.Humansevolvedtobelonely.

B.Lonelinessisacurabledisease.

C.Lonelinessisapersonalfeeling.

D.Humansneedtoaddressloneliness.DAvideocirculatedonsocialmediaearlierthisyear，showingatouristopeningthedoorofavehicle，reachingoutanarmandattemptingtostrokeapassinglioness.Thelionessshruggedhimoff，butitcouldhaveeasilygonehorriblywrong.

Recklessbehaviouraroundwildliferisksthesafetyofbothpeopleandanimals.Peopleriskbeingattacked，mauled（撕咬）andpossiblykilled，whileanimalscanbeharmed，removedorputdown，irrespectiveofwhethertheywereonlydefendingthemselves.Animalattackscanalsocastadestinationinanegativelight，causingtemporaryclosuresorscaringoffvisitors.Alljustsosomeonecouldboastthattheyhadstrokedalionorcapturedamomentonacameraphone.

"Touristsaregettingmoreandmorerecklessaroundwildlifeandthesourceoftheproblemissocialmedia."sayswildlifephotographerAnetteMosshachers."Peopleriskingtheirlivesordoingstupidthingswithwildlifeareafter'likes'andfollowers，somethingtoshowoffonsocialmedia，"saysMossbacher."Thegreatertherisk，themore'likes'theyget.Withsomeclients，itseemslikeasicknessoraddiction."

Yetsocialmediaisnotentirelytoblame.Peoplehavealwaystakenrisksforanexperience.Foolishbehaviorandatendencytogetcockyarounddangerousanimalsmusthavebeenaroundsincethedawnofhumanity.Ahungerforattentiononlinemightdrivesomeofthecurrentmadness，butsomeindividualsmightbetryingtorecreateapieceoftheactiontheyhaveseenontelevision.Perhapstheadrenaline（腎上腺激素）rushwhenclosetowildanimalscausesanevaporationofcommonsense.

"There'saworryinglackofawarenessthatanimalsseveraltimesoursize，weight，speedandstrengthcaneasilyhurtus，"sayswildlifephotographerDavidLloyd."Idon'tthinkparksaredoingenoughtoraiseawareness.Touristsneedtoknowhowtheirpresencecanaffectwildlife.Agoodexampleischeetahs（獵豹）onvehiclerooftops.Itmaybeathrillforthebystanders，buttheconsequencesifamothercheetahfallsoffwouldbesevere.Shewouldnolongerbeabletohunt，sohercubscouldeasilystarve."

"Peoplearen'tgettingtheeducationaboutwhytheyneedtostayawayfromwildlife，includingavoidingdiseases，keepingpeoplesecureandlettingwildlifebewild，"saysPhilipMuruthi，vicepresidentofspeciesconservationandsciencefortheAfricanWildlifeFoundation."Weneedtoeducatetouriststhroughsigns，pamphletsandfrontlinedrivers.Weshouldsticktoguidelines，andthereneedstobeenforcementthroughthelaw."11.Whatcanwelearnaboutrecklessbehaviouraroundwildlife？______A.Itharmstouristsmorethananimals.

B.Itenablestouriststogetintimatewithanimals.

C.Itmaybringmoreprofitstoatouristdestination.

D.Itmaygetanimalskilledfordefendingthemselves.12.AsforMossbacher'sopiniononwhatdrivespeople'srecklessbehavior，theauthoris______.A.sympathetic B.disapproving C.doubtful D.indifferent13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"cocky"inParagraph4probablymean？______A.Selfish. B.Frightened. C.Arrogant. D.Shocked.14.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage？______A.Parksareexpectedtotakemoreresponsibilitiesforeducatingtourists.

B.Raisingtourists'awarenessmeansstressingthedangerofanimalstothem.

C.Moreregulationofthetouristindustryisthekeytoraisingtourists'awareness.

D.Penaltiesratherthaneducationcanstoppeopletakingsillyrisksaroundwildlife.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）Howdoesitfeelwhenyousolveyourproblembyyourself？Thingsmaynotalwaysgoasplanned.（1）______

Beingresourcefulmeansfindingsmartandcreativewaystosolveaproblem，usingwhateverresourcesyouhaveatthetime.（2）______Theycanalsobeanythingelsethat'suseful，suchasinformation，adviceoryourownexperience.Italsomeanstrustingyourinstincts，theabilityyou'rebornwith，ratherthanthroughtrainingandbeingconfidentaboutyourabilitytofacechallenges.Aresourcefulpersonisnottheonegettingcrossorpanickingwhensomethinggoeswrong.They'rethinkingabouthowtosolvetheproblem.

（3）______Whenwelearntosolveproblemsforourselvesratherthanimmediatelygoingtoothersforhelp，itcanhelptobuildourconfidence，helpusfeelmoreindependent，andfeelbetteraboutmakingdecisions.Beingresourcefulmaynothelpyouavoidproblems，butthinkingcreativelyabouthowyoucandealwiththemwillmakeyoufeellessstressedandmorepreparednexttime.（4）______Thiscanboostself-esteem，thatis，howyoufeelaboutyourself.

Whenyou'refacingachallenge，trytofocusontheactualproblemratherthanhowyoufeelaboutit.Thinkaboutwhereandwhenithappenedandwhatthecausesare.Next，thinkupasmanysolutionstotheproblemasyoucan.（5）______Finally，reviewwhathasandhasn'tworked，soyou'reequippedtodealwithasituationnexttime.

Andremember，nooneisexpectedtosolveallproblemsbythemselves.Ifyouhaveatrickyproblemthatyou'reunabletosolve，thenaskatrustedadultforhelp.

A.Youalsolearnwhatyou'regoodat.

B.Hereishowyoucanbemoreresourceful.

C.Theycanbepracticalthingslikepensandpaper.

D.Resourcefulnessisaskillthat'sgoodforyouinlotsofways.

E.Thesemaybefamousmottosthatalwaysinspireustomoveon.

F.Weighupwhat'sgoodandbadabouteachoneandchoosethebest.

G.Butbeingresourcefulcanhelpyoustaycalmanddealwithtrickysituations.15.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共10小題，共15.0分）WhenIwasinthirdgrade，myfamilymovedfromahouseinthecountrysidetoahouseintown.Myparentssoldthefirsthousebeforetheyboughtthesecond，sowewere（1）______forthreemonths.Duringthattime，afamilyfriend（2）______ustheirverysmallfishingcabin.Thecabinhadonebedroom，asmalllivingroom，a（3）______kitchen，andaloungewheremybrotherandIsleptinabunkbed（雙層床鋪）.Itwasa（n）（4）______timeformyparents.Allofourroutinesweredisrupting.ButIlovedit.

Ilovedthebunkbed，whereIknewmybrotherwasrightaboveme，closeenoughformeto（5）______andgrabifneedbe.Ilovedthattherewerenoother（6）______anywherenearby，somybrotherhadtoplaywithme.IlovedthatasIwenttosleepatnight，thelightfromthelivingroomandthe（7）______ofmyfatherwatchingTVwerejustafewfeetaway.

Inthatperiodofdisruption，Ilovedtheclosenessthatwerelieduponoursmallcabin.Inournormallives，Iwouldn'thavedaredtoaskmybrothertoplaywithmeinsteadofhisfriends.Icouldn'thave（8）______toshareabedroomwithhim.

（9）______，myparentsfoundanewhouseandwemovedintoit.Itwasbiggerthanouroldhouseandmuchbiggerthanthecabin.ButImournedthelossofthecabinand，particularly，thelossofthe（10）______.20.

A.houseless B.jobless C.helpless D.speechless21.

A.awarded B.showed C.returned D.offered22.

A.spacious B.narrow C.quality D.unique23.

A.emergent B.happy C.stressful D.relaxing24.

A.settledown B.reachup C.benddown D.showup25.

A.relatives B.players C.classmates D.neighbours26.

A.voice B.memory C.sound D.argument27.

A.requested B.decided C.refused D.troubled28.

A.Naturally B.Eventually C.Initially D.Urgently29.

A.closeness B.brotherhood C.friendship D.transformation四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）30.ANotlongago，mydaughter'sshoes（1）______（damage）withaknife.Sheburstintotears.Itookthemtotheshoemaker's.Themansaidhewouldaddmorescratchesonbothshoesasiftheopeningsweremadeonpurposeforaspecialstyle.Ididn'tfullyunderstandhim，butIdecidedtoleavetheshoes.TwodayslaterIdroppedbyfromwork（2）______（collect）theshoes.Ifoundmorescratchesoneachshoe，butalltheopeningswerepatchedbyredleatherandthestitchesweretwisted.Theappearancelooked（3）______（interesting）thanever.

BTheAfricanpenguinisexpectedtogoextinctinthewildinjustoveradecade，givenitscurrentpopulationdecline.Themainreasonisalackoffoodcausedbydisturbancetooceanconditionsfromglobalheatingand（4）______（compete）fromthecommercialfishingindustry.Accordingtoastudy，recentlyscientists（5）______（identify）apossibleadditionalcause，onethatisanentirelynewthreatandthatfurther（6）______（prevent）thepenguinsfromfindingfood：noisepollutionfrommarineshipsinabay.

CCryingisanaturalresponsetoemotions.Regardlessof（7）______causesthetearstoflow，thephysicalreactionisusuallythesamewithpuffycheeksandtighteyes（8）______（lead）tostreamingtearsdownone'sface.Despiteitsstigma（污名），cryingcanbeanact（9）______relievestensionandclearsfeelingsofnegativityandsadness.Cryingcancommunicateouremotionstoothersandfostergreaterunderstandingandcompassion.Ultimately，cryingisapowerfultoolweoughttousetofreeourselves（10）______negativity.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、閱讀表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共12.0分）31.Foryears，psychologistshaveknownhowtomeasuretheintelligenceofindividuals，butonlyrecentlyhavetheybeguntoinvestigatetheissueofgroupintelligence.Thisnotionstemsfromtheobservationthatsomegroupsseemtoworkfantasticallyacrosstasks，eventasksthatarenotverysimilar.Earlyinvestigationssuggestthatgroupintelligenceisnotthesumoftheintelligenceoftheindividualsinit.Sowhatisthesecrettotheirsuccess？

ResearchersatGooglehavetackledthisquestion.Theycollectedthousandsofdatapointsonhundredsofgroupsandcombedthroughthemtryingtofindpatterns.Arethemembersofeffectivegroupsfriendsoutsideofwork？Dogroupswhosemembershavesimilarpersonalitiesorbackgroundsworktogetherbest？Theyputforwardmanytheoriesbutfoundnopatternstosupportthem.

Infact，whowasinthegroupapparentlydidnotseemtomakeadifference；instead，thedifferencebetweenmoreandlesseffectivegroupsseemedtolieintheinteractionamongthemembers.Ineffectivegroups，membersspokeforaroughlyequalamountoftime—notateverymeetingorinteraction，butacrossthecourseofaproject.Additionally，ineffectivegroups，membersfaceoneanotherdirectlywhentheyspeak，usingenergeticandenthusiasticgestures.Moreover，sideconversationsbetweenindividualmembersduringmeetings.farfrombeingadistraction，actuallyincreasedthegroup'sproductivity.Thepositivebehaviorsuncoveredinthestudyoccurexclusivelyinface-to-faceinteraction.

Onemightarguethatmostofthesefindingsareextremelyobvious，andneedlesstosay，goodmanagershaveprobablyalwaysunderstoodtheprinciples.However，understandinggroupintelligencecanhelpbusinessandotherorganizationsmakethefundamentalchangesnecessarytoimprovegroupperformance.Thereasonisthatoursocialandprofessionallivesarenotalwaysstructuredinwaysthatfacilitatethekindofinteractionthatapparentlyunderlineseffectivegroupperformance.(1)Whatisthefindingofpreviousstudiesongroupintelligence？

______(2)Whyisitimportantforpeopletounderstandgroupintelligence？

______(3)Decidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementiswrong.Underlineitandexplainwhy.______

Althoughsideconversationsdistractmembersduringmeetings，theycanhelptoboostthegroup'sefficiency.(4)Apartfromwhatismentionedinthepassage，whatotherway（s）canweusetoimprovegroupintelligence？（Inabout40words）

______六、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共20.0分）32.假如你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。上周末你班到光明農(nóng)場參加了公益勞動(dòng)。你的英國朋友Jim想了解相關(guān)情況，請(qǐng)你給他寫封郵件分享此活動(dòng)，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）活動(dòng)目的和活動(dòng)內(nèi)容；

（2）活動(dòng)反響和收獲。

注意：

（1）詞數(shù)100左右；

（2）開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

提示詞：公益勞動(dòng)voluntarylabour

DearJim，

Yours，LiHua

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、D、A【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段As

volunteers

in

Yosemite

Valley，we

help

rangers

fix

trails

and

repair

fragile

natural

resources.（作為約塞米蒂山谷的志愿者，我們幫助護(hù)林員修復(fù)小徑，修復(fù)脆弱的自然資源。）可知優(yōu)勝美地志愿者項(xiàng)目中，志愿者的任務(wù)是修復(fù)容易被破壞的自然資源。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)What's

Included部分All

meals

from

dinner

on

Day

1

through

breakfast

on

Day

7；campground

reservations；group

tools；transportation

from

campground

to

work

sites；orientation

and

training；park

entrance

fees.（從第1天的晚餐到第7天的早餐的所有餐費(fèi)；露營地預(yù)訂；團(tuán)體工具；從露營地到工作地點(diǎn)的交通；指導(dǎo)和培訓(xùn)；公園門票。）可知志愿者項(xiàng)目包包括露營地預(yù)訂和公園入場費(fèi)。故選D。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)

Day

6部分Explore

Yosemite

National

Park

on

your

much

deserved

rest

day.Challenge

yourself

on

a

hike

up

the

Mist

Trail，relax

by

the

Merced

River，or

read

a

book

in

a

peaceful

meadow—this

day

is

all

yours.（在您應(yīng)得的休息日探索約塞米蒂國家公園。在薄霧小道上徒步挑戰(zhàn)自己，在默塞德河邊放松，或者在寧靜的草地上讀一本書——這一天都是你的。）可知項(xiàng)目休息日的推薦活動(dòng)是在河邊放松。故選A。

這篇短文主要介紹了一個(gè)志愿者項(xiàng)目，即在優(yōu)勝美地國家公園與護(hù)林員一起工作，幫助保護(hù)這個(gè)著名的國家公園。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

4~7.【答案】C、A、C、B【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第一段I'd

say

that

he

was

about

40

years

older

than

his

classmates

in

my

undergraduate

communications

class.He

eagerly

jumped

into

class

discussions，with

his

humor

and

wisdom

of

experience.（我得說，他比我本科傳播學(xué)班上的同學(xué)大40歲左右。他以他的幽默和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的智慧，熱心地參加課堂討論。）可知瓦倫西亞和他的同學(xué)的不同之處是：盡管年紀(jì)大了，他還是渴望學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第七段AlotofValencia'sclassmatesapparentlyknewhecouldn'taffordthatsemester'stuitionbutwasstilldoingthehomework."Hereheis，willinglytakingaclassforthedelightofitandbenefitoflearning，"saysJessicaEspinosa，a25-year-oldjunior.（瓦倫西亞的很多同學(xué)顯然知道他付不起那學(xué)期的學(xué)費(fèi)，但仍然在做作業(yè)。25歲的大三學(xué)生杰西卡?埃斯皮諾薩（JessicaEspinosa）說："他在這里，為了學(xué)習(xí)的樂趣和益處而自愿上課。"）可知他繼續(xù)上課是因?yàn)樗玫搅藰啡げ⒄湎W(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選A。

（3）觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文第一段Heeagerlyjumpedintoclassdiscussions，withhishumorandwisdomofexperience.（他帶著自己的幽默和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，熱心地投入到課堂討論中。）可知他是熱情且積極的。故選C。

（4）主旨大意題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段Afterward，IoverheardValenciasayhewantedtostayinschooluntilheearnedamaster'sdegree，butithadtakenhim12yearstofinishcommunitycollege，sohehadalongwaytogo.（后來，我無意中聽到巴倫西亞說，他想繼續(xù)留在學(xué)校直到獲得碩士學(xué)位，但他花了12年時(shí)間才完成社區(qū)大學(xué)的學(xué)業(yè)，所以他還有很長的路要走。）以及最后一段的Twelveyears？Hewasinandoutofschool，hesaid，subjecttohisworkscheduleandwhetherhehadmoneyforclasses.Hehadearnedhisassociateofartsdegreeoverthesummer，thentransferredtoCalStateLAtostartonhisbachelor's.（十二年？他說，他進(jìn)出學(xué)校，取決于他的工作時(shí)間表，以及他是否有錢去上課。他在夏天獲得了副學(xué)士學(xué)位，然后轉(zhuǎn)到加州州立大學(xué)洛杉磯分校開始攻讀學(xué)士學(xué)位。）可知一個(gè)63歲的大學(xué)生尚有如此的學(xué)習(xí)興趣一直往下學(xué)?？芍疚闹v述了學(xué)習(xí)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)太遲，即使我們開始的有點(diǎn)晚，故選B。

這篇短文主要講述了一位名叫Jerry

Valencia的63歲老人在大學(xué)里堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)的故事。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

8~10.【答案】C、B、A【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段they're

realizing

that

it's

more

of

a

biological

hunger

signal

that

reminds

us

when

it's

time

to

reconnect

with

those

around

us

to

promote

our

short-term

survival（他們現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到孤獨(dú)感是一種生物學(xué)的饑餓信號(hào)，提醒我們何時(shí)重新與周圍的人聯(lián)系，以促進(jìn)我們的短期生存）以及第五段That

means

even

though

they

may

be

desperate

to

form

connections（盡管他們渴望與他人建立聯(lián)系）可知，孤獨(dú)感實(shí)際也反映了人們渴望建立社交聯(lián)系。故選C。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段The

pain

of

loneliness

prompted

us

to

renew

the

social

structure

so

we

could

survive

and

promote

key

features

like

trust，cooperation

and

collective

action（雖然孤獨(dú)感會(huì)讓我們感到痛苦，但它也促使我們重新建立社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)，以便我們能夠生存并促進(jìn)信任、合作和集體行動(dòng)等關(guān)鍵特征）可知，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為孤獨(dú)是痛苦的，但也是必要的。故選B。

（3）主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段But

scientists

think

we

evolved

to

feel

loneliness

because

it

was

more

important

to

work

with

one

another

to

accomplish

tasks

and

to

protect

everyone（但是科學(xué)家認(rèn)為我們進(jìn)化感受孤獨(dú)，是因?yàn)榕c他人合作完成任務(wù)和保護(hù)自己更重要）可知，感受孤獨(dú)是人進(jìn)化得來的能力。故選A。

本文是一篇說明文。作者講述了人類進(jìn)化孤獨(dú)感的好處，認(rèn)為孤獨(dú)并不是一種疾病。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

11~14.【答案】D、B、C、A【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段

Reckless

behaviour

around

wildlife

risks

the

safety

of

both

people

and

animals.People

risk

being

attacked，mauled

（撕咬）

and

possibly

killed，while

animals

can

be

harmed，removed

or

put

down，irrespective

of

whether

they

were

only

defending

themselves.Animal

attacks

can

also

cast

a

destination

in

a

negative

light，causing

temporary

closures

or

scaring

off

visitors.（在野生動(dòng)物周圍的魯莽行為會(huì)危及人和動(dòng)物的安全。人們可能會(huì)受到攻擊、毆打甚至可能被殺死，而動(dòng)物可能會(huì)受到傷害、被移走或被殺死，無論它們是否只是在自衛(wèi)。動(dòng)物襲擊也會(huì)給目的地帶來負(fù)面影響，導(dǎo)致臨時(shí)關(guān)閉或嚇跑游客。）可知，野生動(dòng)物的魯莽行為可能會(huì)讓動(dòng)物因?yàn)樽孕l(wèi)而被殺死。故選D。

（2）觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Touristsaregettingmoreandmorerecklessaroundwildlifeandthesourceoftheproblemissocialmedia."sayswildlifephotographerAnetteMosshachers."Peopleriskingtheirlivesordoingstupidthingswithwildlifeareafter'likes'andfollowers，somethingtoshowoffonsocialmedia，"saysMossbacher."Thegreatertherisk，themore'likes'theyget.Withsomeclients，itseemslikeasicknessoraddiction."（游客們對(duì)野生動(dòng)物越來越魯莽，而問題的根源在于社交媒體。"野生動(dòng)物攝影師AnetteMosshachers說。"Mossbacher說："人們冒著生命危險(xiǎn)或?qū)σ吧鷦?dòng)物做傻事是為了追求'贊'和追隨者，在社交媒體上炫耀。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大，他們得到的'贊'就越多。對(duì)一些客戶來說，這似乎是一種疾病或毒癮。"）以及第四段Yet

social

media

is

not

entirely

to

blame.People

have

always

taken

risks

for

an

experience（然而，社交媒體并不是完全的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。人們總是為了體驗(yàn)而冒險(xiǎn)）可知她對(duì)上文的觀點(diǎn)持不贊成的態(tài)度。故選B。

（3）詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Thegreatertherisk，themore'likes'theyget.Withsomeclients，itseemslikeasicknessoraddiction."（"風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大，他們得到的'贊'就越多。對(duì)于一些客戶來說，這似乎是一種疾病或毒癮。"）可知，越是危險(xiǎn)，人越是愿意冒險(xiǎn)去展示自己的厲害，這是一種傲慢自大的情緒。故選C。

（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段We

need

to

educate

tourists

through

signs，pamphlets

and

frontline

drivers.We

should

stick

to

guidelines，and

there

needs

to

be

enforcement

through

the

law.（我們需要通過標(biāo)志、小冊(cè)子和一線司機(jī)來教育游客。我們應(yīng)該遵守指導(dǎo)方針，需要通過法律進(jìn)行執(zhí)法。）可知，人們期望公園在教育游客方面承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任。故選A。

本文主要講述了游客在野生動(dòng)物周圍表現(xiàn)出的魯莽行為對(duì)人類和動(dòng)物的安全造成的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文章呼吁通過標(biāo)志、宣傳冊(cè)和前線司機(jī)等方式對(duì)游客進(jìn)行教育，并通過法律實(shí)施強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

15~19.【答案】G、E、D、A、F【解析】（1）語境銜接題。根據(jù)上文How

does

it

feel

when

you

solve

your

problem

by

yourself？Things

may

not

always

go

as

planned.

（當(dāng)你自己解決問題的時(shí)候是什么感覺？事情可能并不總是按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。）并結(jié)合空處位于第一段這一特點(diǎn)可知空處應(yīng)能對(duì)上文提出的問題進(jìn)行回答并能引出下文，G項(xiàng)"但是足智多謀可以幫助你保持冷靜，處理棘手的情況。"符合語境。故選G。

（2）邏輯關(guān)系題。根據(jù)上一句Beingresourcefulmeansfindingsmartandcreativewaystosolveaproblem，usingwhateverresourcesyouhaveatthetime.（足智多謀的意思是找到聰明和創(chuàng)造性的方法來解決問題，利用你目前所擁有的任何資源。）提到要利用任何的資源，后面可能對(duì)這些資源做出解釋或舉例，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是對(duì)whateverresources的舉例，并且句式Theycanbe...和下一句Theyalsocanbeanythingelsethat'suseful，suchasinformation，adviceoryourownexperience（它們也可以是其他任何有用的東西，如信息、建議或你自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。）呼應(yīng)，邏輯關(guān)系契合，意思為："他們可以是……也可以是……"。所以E項(xiàng)"它們可以是激勵(lì)我們繼續(xù)前進(jìn)的著名格言。"符合語境，故選E。

（3）段落主旨題。挖空處在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。而后面…itcanhelptobuildourconfidence，helpusfeelmoreindependent，andfeelbetteraboutmakingdecisions.（它可以幫助我們建立信心，幫助我們感到更獨(dú)立，在做決定時(shí)感覺更好。）及Beingresourcefulmaynothelpyouavoidproblems，butthinkingcreativelyabouthowyoucandealwiththemwillmakeyoufeellessstressedandmorepreparednexttime.（足智多謀或許不能幫助你避免問題，但創(chuàng)造性地思考如何處理問題會(huì)讓你感覺壓力更小，下次準(zhǔn)備更充分。）主要說的是beingresourceful帶來的好處，D項(xiàng)"足智多謀是一種在很多方面都對(duì)你有益的技能。"符合語境，故選D。

（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。該段首句說的是beingresourceful會(huì)對(duì)你有好處，前面兩句…itcanhelptobuildourconfidence，helpusfeelmoreindependent，andfeelbetteraboutmakingdecisions.