全國(guó)會(huì)計(jì)領(lǐng)軍（后備）人才串講講義-財(cái)務(wù)英語(yǔ)

會(huì)計(jì)領(lǐng)軍人才考試英語(yǔ)部分培訓(xùn)目標(biāo)：實(shí)施人才強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略，適應(yīng)我國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和會(huì)計(jì)行業(yè)發(fā)展要求，培養(yǎng)和造就一批精通業(yè)務(wù)、善于管理、熟悉國(guó)際慣例、具有國(guó)際視野和戰(zhàn)略思維的高素質(zhì)、復(fù)合型會(huì)計(jì)人才，發(fā)揮會(huì)計(jì)領(lǐng)軍（后備）人才在強(qiáng)化會(huì)計(jì)職能、宣傳會(huì)計(jì)政策、組織繼續(xù)教育、研究實(shí)務(wù)問(wèn)題等方面的組織推動(dòng)和輻射作用，促進(jìn)我國(guó)會(huì)計(jì)隊(duì)伍整體素質(zhì)的全面提高。課程安排一、閱讀理解（單選、多選、列舉和問(wèn)答）二、寫作三、翻譯實(shí)踐四、熱點(diǎn)透視五、備考第一部分閱讀理解1.題型介紹考試題型分值共計(jì)2011readingcomprehension-listfactsinthepassage列舉618readingcomprehension-multiplechoice多項(xiàng)選擇122012readingcomprehension-listfactsinthepassage列舉425readingcomprehension-singlechoice單選3readingcomprehension-multiplechoices多選182.解題方法——閱讀基本能力閱讀理解基本解題技巧：定位詞＋同義替換什么樣的詞適合做定位詞？有特點(diǎn)的變化性小的名詞優(yōu)先原則哪些詞適合做定位詞？1.大寫(國(guó)家名，城市名，地名，人名，機(jī)構(gòu)名，縮寫)2.數(shù)字(貨幣符號(hào)+數(shù)字（表錢）；數(shù)字+百分號(hào)數(shù)字、時(shí)間、百分比、金錢符號(hào)、溫度、密度)3.特殊字體（斜體）4.特殊符號(hào)(冒號(hào)，引號(hào)，括號(hào)，破折號(hào)，連字符)5.表示某人身份，職業(yè)，學(xué)科等特征的詞6.頻率不高，有代表性的名詞或名詞詞組7.長(zhǎng)的奇怪，比較長(zhǎng)的單詞同義替換在詞、詞組和句子三個(gè)層次上原詞不變同根詞同義詞反義詞上下義詞同根詞：由同個(gè)詞根衍生出來(lái)的一群詞性不同的詞。例如：“art”，“artist”，“artistic”，“artistically”近義詞：具有相近意義的詞。例如：influence,impact,effect上下義詞：詞語(yǔ)間包含與被包含關(guān)系。例如：fruitandapple,animalandsheep練習(xí)一題目：Infact,damagetotheenvironmentbyhumansisoftenmuchmoreseverethandamagebynaturaleventsandprocesses.原文：Ecologistsareespeciallyinterestedtoknowwhatfactorscontributetotheresilienceofcommunitiesbecauseclimaxcommunitiesallovertheworldarebeingseverelydamagedordestroyedbyhumanactivities.ThedestructioncausedbythevolcanicexplosionofMountSt.Helens,inthenorthwesternUnitedStates,forexample,palesincomparisontothedestructioncausedbyhumans.Weneedtoknowwhataspectsofacommunityaremostimportanttothecommunity’sresistancetodestruction,aswellasitsrecovery.練習(xí)二題目：Thiseconomicrelianceonlivestockincertainregionsmakeslargetractsoflandsusceptibletoovergrazing.原文：Theraisingoflivestockisamajoreconomicactivityinsemiaridlands,wheregrassesaregenerallythedominanttypeofnaturalvegetation.■Theconsequencesofanexcessivenumberoflivestockgrazinginanareaarethereductionofthevegetationcoverandthetramplingandpulverizationofthesoil.■Thisisusuallyfollowedbythedryingofthesoilandacceleratederosion.練習(xí)三題目：Oneofthemajoreffectswastherapidgrowthofthehumanpopulationitself.原文：TheuniversalglobalwarmingattheendoftheiceagehaddramaticeffectsontemperateregionsofAsia,Europe,andNorthAmerica.Icesheetsretreatedandsealevelrose.■TheclimaticchangesinsouthwesternAsiaweremoresubtle,inthattheyinvolvedshiftsinmountainsnowlines,rainfallpatterns,andvegetationcover.■However,thesesamecyclesofchangeandhadmomentousimpactsonthesparsehumanpopulationsoftheregion.■AttheendoftheIceAge,nomorethanafewthousandforagerslivedalongtheeasternMediterraneancoast,intheJordanandEuphratesvalleys.練習(xí)四題目：However,somemodernarchitecturaldesigns,suchasthoseusingfoldedplatesofconcreterorair-inflatedstructures,areagainunifyingskeletonandskin.原文：Modernarchitecturalformsgenerallyhavethreeseparatecomponentscomparabletoelementsofthehumanbody;asupportingskeletonorframe,anouterskinenclosingtheinteriorspaces,equipment,similartothebody’svitalorgansandsystems.Theequipmentincludesplumbing,electricalwiring,hotwater,andair-conditioning.Ofcourseinearlyarchitecture—suchasigloosandadobestructures—therewasnosuchequipment,andtheskeletonandskinwereoftenone.2.解題方法——單選題容易定位的詞：when,who,where,why,which，how...例如2012年題：1）AccordingtoPartII,inwhichcountryisthecrisisnotaresultofpublicsectors’overspending?（1mark）（a）Ireland（b）France（c）Greece（d）Portugal2）AccordingtoPartIII,howmanytimeshastheEuropeanCentralBank(ECB)infusedcreditintotheEuropeanbankingsystemsince2009?（1mark）（a）1（b）2（c）3（d）4問(wèn)題1.AccordingtoPartII,inwhichcountryisthecrisisnotaresultofpublicsectors’overspending?（1mark）(a)Ireland(b)France(c)Greece(d)Portugal(a)TheEuropeansovereigndebtcrisisresultedfromacombinationofcomplexfactors,includingtheglobalizationoffinance;easycreditconditionsduringthe2002–2008periodthatencouragedhigh-risklendingandborrowingpractices;the2007–2012globalfinancialcrisis;internationaltradeimbalances;real-estatebubblesthathavesinceburst;the2008–2012globalrecession;fiscalpolicychoicesrelatedtogovernmentrevenuesandexpenses;andapproachesusedbynationstobailouttroubledbankingindustriesandprivatebondholders,assumingprivatedebtburdensorsocializinglosses.(b)Causesofthecrisisvariedbycountry.Inseveralcountries,privatedebtsarisingfromapropertybubbleweretransferredtosovereigndebtasaresultofbankingsystembailoutsandgovernmentresponsestoslowingeconomiespost-bubble.InGreece,unsustainablepublicsectorwageandpensioncommitmentsdrovethedebtincrease.TheIrishsovereigndebtcrisiswasnotbasedongovernmentover-spending,butfromthestateguaranteeingthesixmainIrish-basedbankswhohadfinancedapropertybubble.InPortugal,it’sadirectresultofdecades-longgovernmentaloverspendingandanoverbureaucratized[官僚機(jī)構(gòu)膨脹](méi)civilservice.問(wèn)題1.AccordingtoPartII,inwhichcountryisthecrisisnotaresultofpublicsectors’overspending?（1mark）Ireland(b)France(c)Greece(d)Portugal問(wèn)題2.AccordingtoPartIII,howmanytimeshastheEuropeanCentralBank(ECB)infusedcreditintotheEuropeanbankingsystemsince2009?（1mark）

(a)1 (b)2 (c)3 (d)4(b)TheEuropeanCentralBank(ECB)hastakenaseriesofmeasuresaimedatreducingvolatilityinthefinancialmarketsandatimprovingliquidity.On22December2011,theECBstartedthebiggestinfusion[注入]ofcreditintotheEuropeanbankingsystemintheeuro's13yearhistory.UnderitsLongTermRefinancingOperations(LTROs)itloaned€489billionto523banksforanexceptionallylongperiodofthreeyearsatarateofjustonepercent.On29February2012,theECBtookthesecondaction,LTRO2,providing800Eurozonebankswithfurther€529.5billionincheaploans.3解題方法——多選題選對(duì)1個(gè)正確答案，得1分；多選、或錯(cuò)選1個(gè)倒扣1分。分值和答案數(shù)量成正比，如本題是3分，就選3個(gè)答案。例如（2012年題）：（1）AccordingtoPartI,SMEs’difficultiesingettingloansmayresultfrom:（4分）Answer:(b)(c)(d)(f)（2）AccordingtoPartII,whatpolicieshavebeenenactedbythegovernmenttoaidSMEs:（4分）Answer:(a)(b)(d)(e)第一步：看題目找出定位詞第二步：根據(jù)定位詞到原文中找同意替換第三步：回到選項(xiàng)中排除題目1：AccordingtoPartII,theEuropeansovereigndebtcrisisresultedfromacombinationofcomplexfactors,including:（2marks）(a)The2008–2012globalrecession(b)TheslowdownofChina’seconomy(c)Approachesusedbynationstobailouttroublebankingindustries(d)TradefrictionsbetweenEUandChina原文:PartII:CausesoftheEuropeanSovereignDebtCrisis(a)TheEuropeansovereigndebtcrisisresultedfromacombinationofcomplexfactors,includingtheglobalizationoffinance;easycreditconditionsduringthe2002–2008periodthatencouragedhigh-risklendingandborrowingpractices;the2007–2012globalfinancialcrisis;internationaltradeimbalances;real-estatebubblesthathavesinceburst;the2008–2012globalrecession;fiscalpolicychoicesrelatedtogovernmentrevenuesandexpenses;andapproachesusedbynationstobailouttroubledbankingindustriesandprivatebondholders,assumingprivatedebtburdensorsocializinglosses.題目1：AccordingtoPartII,theEuropeansovereigndebtcrisisresultedfromacombinationofcomplexfactors,including:（2marks）(a)The2008–2012globalrecession(b)TheslowdownofChina’seconomy(c)Approachesusedbynationstobailouttroublebankingindustries(d)TradefrictionsbetweenEUandChina題目2：AccordingtoParagraph(b),whatarethereasonsforsomeChinesecompanieslistedintheUStoresultinquestionableaccounting:(3marks)(a)ThoseChinesecompanieslistedintheUSthroughreversetakeoverallowssomeChinesecompaniestobecomepublicwithouttherigoursofaninitialpublicoffering.(b)ThoseChinesecompanieshavingbeenattackedstillmustgetaudited,butmanyhaveusedsmall,unknownaccountingfirmstosavemoney.(c)SharepricesofallChinesecompanieslistedintheUShavebeenfalldown.(d)ThoseChinesecompaniesmergewithUSpubliclytradedshellcompanies,manyofwhicharefoundonlessregulatedmarkets.(e)USregulationsaremuchstrictertoChinesecompanieslistedintheUS.原文:SomeChinesecompanieshavebeenaccusedofquestionableaccountingwithrelationtoreversetakeovers,abackdoorlistingmethodinwhichaforeigncompanymergeswithaUSshellcompany.Since2007,morethan150ChinesecompanieshavelistedintheUSthroughreversetakeovers,orbackdoorlistings.ThisallowstheChinesecompaniestobecomepublicwithouttherigoursofaninitialpublicoffering.WiththehelpofUSadvisers,aprivateChinesecompanymergeswithaUSpubliclytradedshellcompany,manyofwhicharefoundonlessregulatedmarketssuchasNYSEAmex.ThoseChinesecompaniesstillmustgetaudited,butmanyhaveusedsmall,unknownaccountingfirmstosavemoney.題目2：AccordingtoParagraph(b),whatarethereasonsforsomeChinesecompanieslistedintheUStoresultinquestionableaccounting:(3marks)(a)ThoseChinesecompanieslistedintheUSthroughreversetakeoverallowssomeChinesecompaniestobecomepublicwithouttherigoursofaninitialpublicoffering.(b)ThoseChinesecompanieshavingbeenattackedstillmustgetaudited,butmanyhaveusedsmall,unknownaccountingfirmstosavemoney.(c)SharepricesofallChinesecompanieslistedintheUShavebeenfalldown.(d)ThoseChinesecompaniesmergewithUSpubliclytradedshellcompanies,manyofwhicharefoundonlessregulatedmarkets.(e)USregulationsaremuchstrictertoChinesecompanieslistedintheUS.4.列舉題做題方法在指定段落根據(jù)“定位詞”找出關(guān)鍵信息（2012年題）AccordingtoPartI,pleaselistthedifficultiesfacedbySMEs.（4marks）（2011年題）AccordingtoPartI,pleaselistthreeobjectivesofsettingupSPEs(iehowtheyareusedfor).(6marks)題目1：AccordingtoPartI,pleaselistthedifficultiesfacedbySMEs.（4marks）PartI:SMEsfacedifficulties(a)AnalystshavesaidthatChinesesmallbusinessesinsomecoastalareasarecurrentlyinaworsesituationthanattheheightoftheglobalfinancialcrisisin2008.(b)Thegovernmenthasputaseriesoftighteningmeasuressince2010,includingfiveinterest-rateincreases,tighterbankloans,therestrictionsinreal-estatemarkets.Thesemeasuresareintendedtosoakupliquidityandcombatinflation.Butsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs)becamevictimsofthosetighteningmeasuresbecauseofdifficultyingettingbankloans.Abankloanapplicationtakesatleastonemonth,apartfromgoingthroughcumbersome[累贅的]procedures.ManySMEsincoastalareassuchasZhejiangandGuangdongprovincesareborrowingmoneyfromallavailablesourcestokeeptheirbusinessesrunningandtofulfillordersfromtheirclients.(c)Thecurrenteconomicstructure,whichisnotverybalancedandbecauseitpaystoomuchattentiontostate-ownedcompaniesandignorestheSMEs,isanotherfactorresponsibleforSMEs’trouble.(d)ThedecreaseofinternationalordersandtheincreasesinlaborcostsalsoputenoughpressureonSMEsbecauseoftheweakmarketsintheUnitedStatesandEuropeandthesovereigndebtcrisesinEurozone.Thetradingbusinessfor2012willbeverytoughforSMEs.TheSMEshavetostruggletosurvivebecausethereisnosignofrecoveryontheprofitfrontorinthenumberoforders.Atthesametime,SMEs'difficultiesthreatenthestabilityoflaborrelationsinthestrugglingcompanies.ManySMEsfacedilemmainsurvivingthedevelopmentofenterprisesandtheprotectionofworkers'legitimaterights.題目1：AccordingtoPartI,pleaselistthedifficultiesfacedbySMEs.（4marks）Answer:ItisverydifficultforSMEstogettingbankloans.（1分）2.ThedecreaseofinternationalordersalsoputenoughpressureonSMEs.

（1分）3.Thecurrenteconomicstructureisnotverybalanced.（1分）4.Theinternationalorderdecreasesandthelaborcostsincreases.（1）題目2：AccordingtoPartI,pleaselistthreeobjectivesofsettingupSPEs(howtheyareusedfor).(6marks)PartI:SpecialpurposeentitiesAspecialpurposeentity(SPE)isalegalentity(usuallyalimitedcompanyofsometypeor,sometimes,alimitedpartnership)createdtofulfillnarrow,specificortemporaryobjectives.Firstly,SPEsaretypicallyusedbycompaniestoisolatethefirmfromfinancialrisk.AcompanyusuallytransferassetstotheSPEformanagementorusetheSPEtofinancealargeprojecttherebyachievinganarrowsetofgoalswithoutputtingtheentirefirmatrisk.Secondly,SPEsarealsocommonlyusedincomplexfinancingstoseparatedifferentlayersofequityinfusion.Inaddition,theyarecommonlyusedtoownasingleassetandassociatedpermitsandcontractrights(suchasanapartmentbuildingorapowerplant),toallowforeasiertransferofthatasset.題目2：AccordingtoPartI,pleaselistthreeobjectivesofsettingupSPEs(howtheyareusedfor).(6marks)Answer:(a)SPEsaretypicallyusedbycompaniestoisolatethefirmfromfinancialrisk.AcompanywilltransferassetstotheSPEformanagementorusetheSPEtofinancealargeprojecttherebyachievinganarrowsetofgoalswithoutputtingtheentirefirmatrisk.(b)SPEsarealsocommonlyusedincomplexfinancingstoseparatedifferentlayersofequityinfusion.(c)SPEsarecommonlyusedtoownasingleassetandassociatedpermitsandcontractrights(suchasanapartmentbuildingorapowerplant),toallowforeasiertransferof…閱讀理解總結(jié)第二部分寫作1.題型和評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.寫作基礎(chǔ)3.寫作提高1.題型介紹題目1：AssumingthatyouaretheChiefFinancialOfficerofaChinesecompanylistedoverseasandyourcompanyhasbeenaccusedofprovidingfalsefinancialinformationtoinvestors,pleasewriteashortessaynolessthan150wordswiththetopic“MeasurestobetakenforoverseaslistedChinesecompaniestoavoidaccountingscandals”.Youareallowedtomakereferencesorgethintsfromthematerialsgivenabove.（10marks）題目2：BasedonmaterialsabouttheEuropeansovereigndebtcrisisprovided,pleasewriteashortessaynolessthan150wordstoanalyzetheimpactsonandproposeprospectsofthebusinessenterpriseororganizationyouareservingfor.Youareallowedtomakereferencesorgethintsfromthematerialsgivenabove.（10marks）字?jǐn)?shù)150詞分值10分寫作特點(diǎn)可以從文中作出推斷或者得到提示寫作內(nèi)容該國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)事件（或者會(huì)計(jì)制度變更）對(duì)企業(yè)的影響，應(yīng)該采取什么措施來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：分值要求9~10分切題。表達(dá)主題清楚，文字連貫流暢；基本上無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別錯(cuò)誤；字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求。5~8分較為切題。僅有少數(shù)偏離主題或表達(dá)不清楚，文字基本連貫；僅有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤；字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求。3~4分基本切題。表達(dá)主題不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；有較多語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，其中有部分屬于嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤；字?jǐn)?shù)少于100字。0~2分條理不清，思路紊亂；語(yǔ)言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤較多；字?jǐn)?shù)低于50字?？垲}taskresponse連貫coherence詞匯vocab.句型sentencestructure寫作十問(wèn)？遇到寫作必掛嗎？寫作基于翻譯嗎？寫作考察真實(shí)想法嗎？寫作必須得詞匯量大嗎？2.寫作基礎(chǔ)①必須有清晰的文章脈絡(luò)文章的“整體脈絡(luò)”：一篇作文分為三個(gè)部分：開(kāi)頭段（introduction）主體段（mainbody）結(jié)尾段（conclusion）文章主體段的脈絡(luò)：每個(gè)主題段要有個(gè)論點(diǎn)，每個(gè)論點(diǎn)要有個(gè)論據(jù)，每個(gè)論據(jù)要有細(xì)節(jié)支撐信息，每個(gè)支撐信息后有個(gè)小結(jié)。主體段結(jié)構(gòu)Externalappearancesalwaysleadtomistakesaboutaperson‘struecharacterorabilities.Aplain-lookingpersoncanmakegreatachievements.TakeNapoleonBonaparte,oneofthegreatestmilitaryleadersandstatesmeninFrance,forexample.ItiswellknownthatNapoleonwasveryshort.Hewasoftenlaughedatbypeoplearoundhimforhissmallstature.However,aftermanyyears’struggle,hefinallybecametheEmperoroftheFrenchEmpireandconqueredlargerpartsoftheEurope.Napoleonisnotararecase.Actuallyinnumerablefamoushistoricalfigureswerenotgoodlooking.Thereforewesurelyshouldnotjudgethembyexternalappearance.（論點(diǎn)）：Externalappearancesalwaysleadtomistakeaboutaperson‘struecharacterorabilities.（論據(jù)）：Aplain-lookingpersoncanmakegreatachievement.（例子）：TakeNapoleonBonaparte,oneofthegreatestmilitaryleadersandstatesmeninFrance,forexample.（細(xì)節(jié)）：ItiswellknownthatNapoleonwasveryshort.Becauseofhissmallstature,hewasoftenlaughedatbypeoplearoundhim.However,aftermanyyears’struggle,hefinallybecametheEmperoroftheFrenchEmpireandconqueredlargerpartsoftheEurope.（總結(jié)）：Napoleonisnotararecase.Actuallyinnumerablefamoushistoricalfigureswerenotgoodlooking.Thereforewesurelyshouldnotjudgethembyexternalappearance.②必須有自然的段落間銜接和段落內(nèi)部銜接段落間連詞首先:firstandforemost;tobegin/startwith,inthefirstplace;initially;foronething;其次:furthermore,moreover,fortheotherthing;inaddition,whatismore最后：lastbutnotleast;ultimately;intheend;atlast;段落中常用的連詞類型單詞/詞組解釋說(shuō)明因as，since因?yàn)楹竺嬷荒芗訌木涔鹔ence，thus，therefore因此句首句中都可以Asaresult，Asaconsequence作為結(jié)果較多用于句首目的sothat因此用于句中類比similarly，likewise同樣地加逗號(hào)后再加句子對(duì)比onthecontrary，bycontrast相反地句首句中都可以讓步although，eventhough盡管加句子遞進(jìn)furthermore，moreover另外加句子③必須有合理的句子間邏輯英語(yǔ)句子重邏輯，句子間不能有大的跨度主體段句子都要圍繞一個(gè)點(diǎn)展開(kāi)上下句之間是合理的邏輯關(guān)系④必須注意詞匯的選用Don’tusethesamewordtwice!我們寫作時(shí)，依然在大量重復(fù)使用低級(jí)的詞匯?。?！我們來(lái)測(cè)試下吧！！！大的adj.重要的adj.好的adj.壞的adj.許多的adj.越來(lái)越多的adj.認(rèn)為v.使得v.非常adv.杜絕寫作詞匯貧乏攻略：同義詞升級(jí)!Big——mighty/enormous/tremendous/massive/considerable/extraordinary意大利的國(guó)際貿(mào)易在金融危機(jī)之后正面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。InternationaltradeinItalyarefacingenormouschallengeaftereconomiccrisis.中國(guó)的對(duì)外開(kāi)放帶來(lái)了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)變化。China‘sopeningtotheworldhasfacilitatedmassiveeconomictransformations.Important——vital/essential/critical/significant/fundamental/rudimentary/primary/basic/crucialTheimportanceofAtoBcanneverbeexaggerated/denied/ignored.eg.=…對(duì)…很重要…playa(an)vital(critical,essential)rolein…合理的監(jiān)管對(duì)公司的正常運(yùn)營(yíng)非常重要。Reasonableregulationsplayavital(critical,essential)roleintheoperationofacorporation.Theimportanceofstrengtheningregulationstoacompanycanneverbeexaggerated.but單詞：however,though，althoughdespite,whereas,conversely,nevertheless詞組：inspiteofincontrastonthecontraryregardlessofbut→Although/Despite/Inspiteof+n.Despitethegreateconomicbenefitsofalcohol,drinkingheavilydoestremendousharmtoourhealth.Inspiteofthegreateconomicbenefitsofalcohol,drinkingheavilydoestremendousharmtoourhealth.and:可替換的詞/詞組：aswellastogetherwithalongwith..ThiscompanyprofitsenormouslybyprovidingpromptinformationandeffectiveconsultanciesThiscompanyprofitsenormouslybyprovidingpromptinformationaswellaseffectiveconsultancies.good→beneficial，favorable，positiveBaddetrimental/adverse/hazardousBadeffect→→adverseeffect酒對(duì)我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有好處,但是過(guò)量飲酒對(duì)健康有害。Alcoholisgoodforoureconomy,butdrinkingheavilyisbadforourhealth.Althoughalcoholbenefitsoureconomygreatly,drinkingheavilydoestremendousharmtoourhealth.越來(lái)越多moreandmore?anincreasingnumberofpeople…isadvancingatanalarmingrate.….isbecomingaheightenedconcerntopeople.growingawarenessabout…think(Ithink)單詞：believe/uphold/state/maintain/holdthepointthat…短語(yǔ)：AsIseeit，F(xiàn)rommypointofview，Whenitcomestome，AsfarasIamconcernedAsIseeit,exploringtheouterspaceisawasteofhumanresources.makecause,arrange,leadto,produce等ManyChinesethinkthatthenumber“8”willmakethemhavealotofmoney.ManyChinesebelievethatthenumber“8”willarrange/leadthemgreatfortune.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不僅使得我們的生活更復(fù)雜?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)而且使得我們生活的節(jié)奏變得更快Internetnotonlycomplicateourlifebutalsoquickenourlifepace.⑤必須寫夠字?jǐn)?shù)考試要求：字?jǐn)?shù)不少于150詞我們的目標(biāo)：250詞以上Thelonger,thebetter!⑥必須盡量避免語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤Checkitafterwriting!常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤：時(shí)態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)數(shù)的一致。主謂一致，代詞指代一致詞性錯(cuò)誤。Adj.n.adv.Allreliableinformationspointtothefactthatthecentralbankhasnoabilitytoreduceinflation.——information不可數(shù)Everyonewantstosuccessful.詞性錯(cuò)誤⑦必須符合寫作行文規(guī)范寫作屬于學(xué)術(shù)類文章，要杜絕口語(yǔ)化的表達(dá)或者縮寫。ad——advertisementCop——policemenbuddy,dude,fellow,pal——brother人：guy想說(shuō)：wannasay…要做某事：gannado…小結(jié)：必須有清晰的文章脈絡(luò)必須有自然的段落間銜接必須有合理的句子間銜接必須要注意語(yǔ)言的的運(yùn)用必須寫夠字?jǐn)?shù)必須盡量避免語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤必須符合寫作行文規(guī)范3.寫作提高——謀篇布局格式字?jǐn)?shù)（個(gè)）內(nèi)容Introduction開(kāi)頭段30~40介紹當(dāng)前國(guó)際熱門財(cái)務(wù)事件，及其對(duì)中國(guó)的影響，引入題目要求的話題，表明主旨Body主體段60~70應(yīng)對(duì)這一事件采取的措施1/這一新政策對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)或者行業(yè)的影響60~70應(yīng)對(duì)這一事件采取的措施2/在這一新政策下中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)或者行業(yè)發(fā)展前景Conclusion結(jié)尾段30~40把主體段內(nèi)容換種說(shuō)法表達(dá)出來(lái)，提口號(hào)怎么寫開(kāi)頭段開(kāi)頭1：背景+突出主題+主旨句開(kāi)頭2：事例+突出主題+主旨句開(kāi)頭3：?jiǎn)栴}+突出主題+主旨句開(kāi)頭4：引語(yǔ)+突出主題+主旨句背景句閱讀文章時(shí)把文章里的背景信息標(biāo)出來(lái)，通常與時(shí)間有關(guān)1.Since+時(shí)間，ChinaNorthIndustriesGroupCorporationhasestablishedtradeandeconomicrelationswithXXX(歐盟國(guó)家或者公司名字).把題目的要求換種說(shuō)法說(shuō)出來(lái)。（目的是為了表達(dá)主旨，引出下面主體段話題。）2.AsChinahasenteredWTOin2001,China’seconomyhas,nodoubt,beeninfluencedbyglobaleconomy.突出主題1.Currently/Recently,theissueofXhasarousedheateddiscussion/concern.2.Incontemporarysociety,Xhasplayedanincreasinglysignificantroleinpeople’slives.3.Contemporarily/Currently,Xhasadvancedatanalarmingrateandanincreasinglyenormousamountofpeoplehavebeeninvolvedinit.4.RecentyearshaveseencloserbusinessrelationshipwithEUespeciallyafterEUhasstrengtheneditsmembership.主旨句閱讀題目要求，改寫，同時(shí)表達(dá)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)Thus,thereisnodoubtthattheEuropeandebtcrisiswillposeseveralimpactsonthetradetoEuropeanmarket.UndertheinfluenceofEuropeandebtcrisis,cautiousmeasuresaresupposedtobetakentorelievethepressureandreducethelossesbroughtbyittomycompany.Accordingtothenewregulation/standards,therewillbesomeimpactstomycompany.作者觀點(diǎn)1.支持型/反對(duì)型Iholdpositive／optimistic()viewtowardsthischange/issue/challenge.Reasonsarelistedbelow.2.折中型Thiscomplicatedissuecannotbegeneralizedwithanabsoluteanswer,meaningitrequirescase-by-caseanalysis。開(kāi)頭段模版RecentyearshaveseencloserbusinessrelationshipwithEUespeciallyafterEUhasstrengtheneditsmembership.Underthissituation,theissueofxxxhasarousedheateddebateamongpeople.Since(時(shí)間),EUhasbecomethelargesttradepartnerandlargestexportmarketofmycompany.Thus,thereisnodoubtthattheEuropeandebtcrisiswillposeseveralimpactsonthetradetoEuropeanmarket.Inthisarticle,I’dalsoliketoproposepossibleprospectsofthisissuetothebusinessofmycompany.AstheCFOofmycompany,I’dliketoanalyzetheimpactsofitandproposeseveralprospectstomycompany.Presentseveralproposals主題段從哪些角度寫

影響：多角度出發(fā)①經(jīng)濟(jì)與效率②成就與財(cái)富③環(huán)境保護(hù)與社會(huì)發(fā)展④國(guó)家與文化經(jīng)濟(jì)與效率經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展:economicdevelopment就業(yè):(Job/employmentopportunities)稅收:taxrevenue投資:investment創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)---（Itcancreatemorejob/employmentopportunities）吸引投資---(Alotofinvestmentcanbeattractedinthisarea.)增加稅收---（Itwillbeanimportantsourceoftaxrevenueforthelocalgovernment.）促進(jìn)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展---(Itwillhelppromote/stimulatethearea'seconomicdevelopment.)成就與財(cái)富成就感:senseofachievement榮譽(yù)感:senseofhonor雄心壯志:ambition動(dòng)力:motivation財(cái)富:wealth壓力:pressure/stress環(huán)境保護(hù)與發(fā)展environmentalprotectionmaintain/achievesustainabledevelopmentrenewableenergy,windenergy,hydrogen,solarpower,tidalpower….國(guó)家與文化（此理由一般用于在文章結(jié)尾處升華主題）國(guó)家發(fā)展、文化傳播、社會(huì)和諧nationaldevelopmentculturaltransmissionsocialharmony可采取的措施Initiate/launchpreventivemeasuresto…Strengthenthecollaborationandcommunicationamong…中間段---影響和展望主體段1：影響(S1)xxxexertnumerous/positiveinfluencesuponthecompanyIamservingfor.(S2)Oneofthemostsignificant/profoundeffectsisthattheexporttoEuropehasbeenundermined/damaged.Oneofthemostsignificant/profoundeffectsisthatmycompanycouldbenefitfromit.(S3)可以舉例子，引用數(shù)據(jù)，名人名言等。（S4）Anotherstrikingimpactisthat…(S5)可以舉例子，引用數(shù)據(jù)，名人名言等Thus,itisobviousthatmycompanyhasbeenaffectedmarkedly.ThereisnodoubtthatInlastyear,theamountofexporttoEnglandreachedto.Unfortunately,thenumber/figurehasdroppedto/declined/decreased/dwindled/shrankby…Fortunately,thenumber/figurehasincreased/risen/raised主體段2：prospects展望(s1)Undercurrentcircumstances,mycompanytendsto/islikelyto/shouldadopteffectiveapproachestopreventthisfromworseningandstriveforreversingittofavorablesituations.(s2))Initially,anemergencyteamshouldbeestablishedtocoordinatewith..(S3)CopingstrategyisolatemycompanyfromrisksDetail(S4)Furthermore,(S5)detail(S6)Inaddition,Thefirsteffectivemeasureneedstobetakenisthat….AnothermeasurethatcannotbeignoredisthatInconclusion,TheBeltandRoadInitiatives,anewpolicyproposedbyChinesegovernment,PremierofChinaPresidentofChina寫作基礎(chǔ)20個(gè)必備句型英語(yǔ)句式地圖寫作基礎(chǔ)——句型從句:名詞性從句、形容詞性從句、副詞性從句強(qiáng)調(diào)句型平行結(jié)構(gòu)插入句倒裝句被動(dòng)句非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1、名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句——主從的表達(dá)

我們現(xiàn)在需要做的是保護(hù)我們居住的環(huán)境。對(duì)一個(gè)大學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，至少掌握一門外語(yǔ)是必須的。Whatweneedtodonowistoprotecttheenvironmentwelivein.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudentshouldmasteratleastaforeignlanguage.名詞性從句——主語(yǔ)從句必備句型1：Itis+adj.that…rewarding/convincing/reasonable/rational/significant/acknowledged/exposed/revealed名詞性從句——賓語(yǔ)從句賓從的表達(dá)：賓語(yǔ)從句的that可以省略，其它名詞從句不能省略。我意識(shí)到我說(shuō)過(guò)的話并不是我想要說(shuō)的。我恐怕我不能去。攝影師會(huì)給你看我們的村莊是怎樣的。IrealizedthatwhatIsaidwasnotexactlywhatImeanttosay.IamafraidIcannotmakeit.Thephotographerswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.名詞性從句——賓語(yǔ)從句必備句型2：Ibelieve/hold/contend/suggestthatStatistics/evidenceshowsthat…名詞性從句——表語(yǔ)從句我們不相信他是因?yàn)樗?jīng)常對(duì)我們說(shuō)謊。空氣對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)就像水對(duì)魚一樣。聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)?？雌饋?lái)似乎要下雪了。Thereasonwhywedidnottrusthimisthathehasoftenliedtous.Airtousisthatwatertofish.Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.必備句型3：be/become+從句名詞性從句—同位語(yǔ)從句我不知道她什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。他突然有了一個(gè)想法，Rose和Jack可能已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了。我不知道他何時(shí)離開(kāi)的。/住在哪。/要買哪個(gè)。/我想要什么。/她為誰(shuí)工作。Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.ThethoughtsuddenlycametohimthatRoseprobablyhadmarriedJack.Ihavenoideawherehelive./whichonetobuy./whatIwant./howmuchmoneyIhave.同從的先行詞是有內(nèi)涵的名詞：reason，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，thought，belief，conclusion必備句型4:Theissuethat…..hasarousedheateddebateamongpeople.Thepractice/ideathatmycompanyimplementsastricterregulationcouldimproveprofitsandisolaterisks.Theplanthatmycompanytakespreventivemeasuresare…判斷下列句子是哪種從句：Itisimportantthatweshouldspeakpolitely.ThedoctorinsiststhatIgiveupsmoking.Whereveryouareismyhome—myonlyhomeItisnotknownyetwhethertheywillcometoday.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.TheyspreadthelieeverywherethatTomwasguiltyoftheft.Itisimperativethatweshouldpracticecriticismandself-criticism.Thesellerdemandedthatpaymentshouldbemadewithinfivedays.Ouronlyrequestisthatthisshouldbesettledassoonaspossible.That’swhereIfirstmether.Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.寫一個(gè)吧據(jù)揭示西班牙很多議會(huì)代表在房地產(chǎn)中有很大投資。ItwaslaterrevealedthatnearlyalltheSpanishrepresentativesinCongresshadstronginvestmentsinthehousingsector,somehavinguptotwentyhouses.分析師認(rèn)為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)將會(huì)走向下滑。AnalystsbelievethatChineseeconomywillbeonadecline.加強(qiáng)對(duì)注入股票市場(chǎng)的資金的監(jiān)管對(duì)于建立一個(gè)健康的股票市場(chǎng)很重要。Thepracticethatthegovernmentshouldstrengthentheregulationofinfusionofmoneyintostockmarketisofconsiderablesignifica