2023年清華大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及答案詳解

清華大學(xué)２023年博士碩士入學(xué)考試試題PartⅠLiｓteninｇCｏmprehension(20％)（略）PaｒtⅡＶocａbｕlarｙ(10%)Directions:Thereａrｅ20iｎcompleｔesｅnteｎｃｅｓｉntｈiｓpａrｔ.ForｅachsｅnｔeｎｃｅtheｒeａrｅfoｕrchｏiｃesmａrkedＡ,B，CaｎｄＤ.ChoosethebestonｅthatｃompletｅstｈesentenceaｎdtｈenmarkｔhecorrespoｎｄiｎglettｅrｏntheANＳＷＥＴＳHEEＴｗithasiｎｇｌelｉｎeｔhｒoughthｅcｅｎter.21.Tｈｅ__＿_(dá)______oftheｓpringwａt(yī)eraｔtｒactsalotｏｆviｓiｔorsfｒomotheｒpaｒtｓoftheｃoｕntry.A.clasｈ????Ｂ.cｌａrifｙ Ｃ.clａｒitｙ?? ?D．ｃlａt(yī)tｅr2２.Bｕｓineｓｓｉnthisａrｅａhasｂeen__＿_(dá)____＿＿becａｕsｅpｒicesaretoｏhｉgh.A.ｐrｏspeｒoｕｓ B.secｒetiｖｅ Ｃ.sｌaｃk?D.shrｉlｌ23.Heｔolｄａｓｔoryabouｔhｉssｉｓterwhowasiｎasａd＿_(dá)_＿＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)ｗhenshewasillaｎｄhaｄnomoney.A.pligｈｔ?B.polarｉzaｔioｎ?C.plaｇｕe?Ｄ．ｐigment24．Hｅaｄdeｄａ__＿＿＿_(dá)_＿＿_(dá)ｔohisletｔerbysａｙingthatｈewoｕｌｄarrivebｅfoｒe8pｍ．A.ｐreｓiｄency B.ｐrestiｇe?C.ｐｏstｓｃripｔ Ｄ．pｒelimｉｎary2５．Somｅｌｉnguistsbｅlｉｅvｅthatthｅ________＿_(dá)agefoｒｃｈildrenlearnｉngafoｒｅignlanguａgeis5ｔo8.Ａ.oｐtiｍｉstic Ｂ.ｏpｔionａl C．optimal?Ｄ.ｏpｐreｓsed26.Itallstarｔedin19５0,wｈeｎpeｏplebegantobuiｌｄtheirhousesoｎｔｈｅ＿_(dá)______＿_(dá)ｏｆtheｉrcitiｅs．Ａ.ｐaradiｓes?B.omｉssions?Ｃ.orchaｒds D.ouｔskirts2７．Thｅmｅe(cuò)tinｇｗas＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)_____ovｅｒbytheｍaｙoroｆtｈeｃｉty．A.ｐreｓumed B.ｐｒｏpｏｓｅd C.preｓented Ｄ.ｐresｉｄeｄ2８.Ｔhｅｃrowd__________ｉntothehaｌlandsomehadtostandｏutsiｄｅ.A.ｏｕtgrew?Ｂ.oｖeｒthrew Ｃ.overpassed?Ｄ.ｏveｒfleｗ２9.Itｗascｌearthattheｓｔoｒm___＿_(dá)＿_(dá)___hisａrｒivａlｂytwoｈourｓ．Ａ．retardeｄ B．ｒetired C.refｒａiｎｅd D.retreateｄ30．Ｔhisprobleｍｓhouldbｅdｉscｕssedｆirst,fｏrittakｅs__＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_oveｒａlltｈｅｏthｅｒisｓuｅｓ.A.ｐｒecｅdencｅ B.prosperｉty Ｃ．pｒesumptiｏｎD.prｏbabｉｌｉty３１．Hersadnessｗaｓｏbvious,butsheｂeｌiｅvedtｈatheｒfeeliｎgofdｅpresｓionｗaｓ___＿_(dá)_____．A．tｏrrent Ｂ.transieｎtC.tｅnsile?Ｄ.tｅxｔuｒed32.Noboｄｙknewｈｏwhecameupｗiｔｈthｉs＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)___＿_(dá)iｄｅaaboｕttｈetrip．A．weaｒy?B.twilight C.unanimous Ｄ．wｅird33.Theｆlｏweｒundｅrthesunwould______＿＿_(dá)_qｕickｌywithｏutanypｒotecｔion.A.wink?B．ｗithholｄ C.wither D．widower３4.The____＿_(dá)_＿＿＿oｆgｉftｅdcｈiｌdrｅniｎtoacceｌｅratｅdclasseｓwillsｔartneｘtwｅｅkacｃｏｒｄｉｎgtotheiｒacａdemｉcpeｒｆorｍanｃe.A.sｅgreｇatioｎ?Ｂ.speciｆicatｉon C.spectｒum Ｄ.ｓuｂｓcripｔioｎ3５．He__＿_(dá)__＿＿_(dá)_hｉmselfbｉｔterｌyｆorhiｓｍｉｓｅrａbleｂeｈａviorｔhａt(yī)ｅvｅning．A.repealedB.rｅsｅｎted?C．ｒeｌａyed D.ｒeproａcheｄ３６．Anyearｔhquaketｈattakeｓplaｃeinanyarｅaisceｒｔainlｙregardedasakｉndofa__________ｅvｅｎt.A.chｏlesｔeｒolＢ.cｈaｒｃoal?C.cａt(yī)astrophic?D．chronic37．Hecuｔthestrinｇandheldｕptｈetｗo__＿_(dá)______ｔotiｅthebox.A.segmeｎts?B.sｅdiｍents?Ｃ.seｉzures D.seｃｒetｅs38.Allthｅmusiciｎstruｍｅntｓintｈeoｒcｈｅstｒａwillｂe__＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)__ｂeｆoreiｔｓtａrｔs.A．cｉvilized?B.chattereｄ?C.chambereｄD．chｏrdｅd39.Whentｈeaiｒiｎａｃertainsｐacｅissquｅe(cuò)zedｔooｃcｕｐyａsｍalｌerspace,tｈeairiｓsaｉdtobｅ＿_(dá)________．A.commenced B.compressed Ｃ.compromisｅdD．comｐensated40.Shemaｄetwｏcopｉｅsoｆtｈispoemanｄposteｄｔｈem_______＿_(dá)_todiｆferｅntpuｂlｉshers.A．senｓaｔiｏnalｌy?B.simultａneｏusly C.streｎuouslyＤ.siｍpｌyPａｒtⅢReaｄiｎgCompｒeｈenｓiｏn(40%)Direcｔions：Tｈｅrearｅ4ｒeａdｉｎgｐassａgesintｈispａｒt.Eaｃｈpassaｇeisfoｌloweｄbysomequestionsofunfｉｎｉsheｄstaｔｅmentｓ.ForeachｏｆtｈemthereaｒeｆｏurcｈoicesmarｋeｄA,B,C,ａnｄD.ＹｏushoｕｌｄdeciｄeonthｅｂestchｏicｅａnｄthenmarｋtheｃoｒrespｏndｉnｇletｔeｒontｈeAnsｗerSheeｔ．Ｑｕestioｎｓ41to4５arｅbasｅdｏntｈｅｆollｏｗingpａｓsagｅ:Eaｃhyear，millioｎsｏｆｐｅopｌeiｎBangladeｓｈdrｉnｋgrounｄｗateｒthathasbeenpolｌutｅdｂｙnａt(yī)urａllyhigｈleｖelsofarseniｃpoｉｓon．Finｄiｎgsafedrinkingwaｔerintｈａt(yī)coｕntｒyｃanbeａpｒｏbｌem.Howevｅr,InternationalDevｅlｏpmｅntEnterpriｓeshaｓａlow-cｏsｔaｎｓwer.Ｔhisnon-governmenｔaloｒganizationhasdevelopｅdｔeｃhnｏｌogytｏｈarvestｒainｗater．Peｏpｌearｏundtheworlｄhavebeenharveｓtingｒainwａｔerforcｅnturieｓ.Iｔisasaｆｅ,deｐendａblesｏuｒｃｅｏｆdｒinkingｗatｅr.Ｕｎｌiｋｅｇｒｏundwａt(yī)er，rainwatercｏｎtａinsｎoｍiｎeralsorsａlｔsaｎｄｉsfreeoｆcｈeｍｉcaltｒeaｔmeｎts.Ｂeｓtｏｆａlｌ，itｉsｆree．Theｒainwａt(yī)erhaｒvestｉngｓysｔｅmｃｒeatedbｙＩnteｒnatｉｏnalDeｖeloｐmentEntｅrpriｓesｕsesｐipestocolｌecｔwatｅrfromthetopsｏfbuilｄinｇs.Thepiｐeｓsｔretcｈfromthetopsofbｕildingsｔoaｔwｏ-metertaｌlstoｒagetankｍａdeｏfmｅtaｌ．Attheｔｏpofthetaｎkｉsasｏ-cａllｅd“first－flush”ｄｅvicemadeｏfwiｒescreｅn.Thisbａrrierpｒｅventsdiｒｔanｄleavesｉnthewaterｆrｏmfalｌｉnｇinsiｄethｅtanｋ.Aｆittedｃoｖerｓｉtsｏverthｅ“fiｒｓt-ｆｌush”dｅvice.Iｔprｏtｅctsthewaterinsideｔhetankfroｍｅvａpｏｒatinｇ.Thecovｅｒalsoｐreｖentｓmosquitoinｓｅctsｆｒomｌａｙｉngeggｓinthｅwatｅｒ.Ｉｎsidethetanｋｉsaloｗcoａt(yī)pｌaｓｔicbagthaｔcoｌlectsｔhewａt(yī)eｒ.Ｔhebａgsitｓｉnｓｉdeanoｔhｅrplastｉcbagsimｉｌartothoｓeｕsｅdtｏhoｌdｇraｉns.Thｅtwobａgsａresupporｔedｉnｓidｅtｈemetaltanｋ.Ａｌltoｔal,ｔhewatｅrｓtoragesysｔeｍcａnｈoldｕptothｒeｅ-thousand-five－h(huán)uｎdreｄｌiteｒｓofwａｔeｒ.IｎteｒｎatiｏnalDevｅlopmｅnｔＥｎterprisessaysｔｈeinｎerbａｇｓmayneedtoｂereplacedevｅｒｙｔwoｔｏthreeyeａｒs．Ｈoｗeｖeｒ,ｉftｈebａgsａrｅnｏｔdａmageｄbysunlｉght,thｅyｃoulｄｌａsteｖｅｎloｎger．ＩnteｒnatiｏnalDｅｖｅlopｍentＥｎtｅrpｒisessayｓｔhewaterhａrvｅstingsysｔeｍshouｌdｂebuｉltonaｒａisedｓｔrｕcｔuretopｒeventiｎsectsfromｅatinｇｉntoｉtａｔｔhebottoｍ.Tｈetotalcostｔｏｂuｉldthiｓrainwａt(yī)ｅｒharvestingsyｓtemisａboutｆortyｄoｌlars．Hｏｗｅｖer,InternatiｏnａlDeｖelopmeｎtＥｎterprｉseseｘpｅｃtstｈｅpricetｏｄropovertime.Ｔhegroｕpsaｙsonetanｋｃaｎｐｒovｉdeaｆamｉlyofｆiveｗithｅnoughrainｗatｅｒtoｓurｖiveａfive-mｏｎtｈdｒyseason.41.PeoｐleinBanｇladeshcanuse__＿_(dá)＿_(dá)____asａｓafesouｒcｅofdrinｋｉnｇｗater．A.gｒounｄwatｅrB.rａinwaｔerC.drinｋiｎｇｗatｅrD.freshwatｅr42.Ｗhiｃｈofｔhefoｌlowingconｔriｂｕtestｏthｅlow-ｃostoｆｕｓinｇraiｎｗatｅr?A．Rａinwateｒisfｒeeｏfcheｍicaltrｅａt(yī)mｅnts.B.Ｐeoplｅｈaveｂeeｎｈarvestiｎgrａｉnｗaｔerforｃentｕrｉes.C.Thewａt(yī)erharvestinｇsｙsｔemisbuｉltonaplatfoｒm．D.Ｒaｉnwaｔercanbｅcollectedusｉngpipes.43．Whichofｔhefollowiｎgacｔuallypreventsdirtａｎｄlｅavｅsfｒomｆaｌlinｇinsideｔhetａnk？Ａ.ａbarrierB.aｗiｒescｒeenC.ａfirst－fｌuｓh D.astoragｅtanｋ44.Thｅbagsｕsｅdtoholｄｗａt(yī)erarｅlｉｋelytｏbedａmagedｂy____＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)＿.Ａ．moｓqｕｉｔoｉｎsects??B.aｆｉttｅdcovｅr??C.afirst-flushdevicｅ?D.ｓunlight4５.Whａt(yī)shoulｄbｅdonetopreventiｎsｅctｓfroｍeaｔｉngintｏthｅwateｒhａｒvestinｇｓｙsｔeｍattheｂottom？A．Thetwｏbagsholｄｉngthewatｅrｓhｏuｌdbepｕtinsidethemｅtaｌtａnｋ．B.Tｈeｉnｎｅrbａgsｎeeｄｔobeｒeｐlａcedeｖerytwｏyeａrs.C.Thewaｔerｈarvestiｎｇsｙsｔemｓｈｏuｌｄｂebuiltonaplaｔｆｏｒｍ．D.Ａcovershoulｄbeｕｓedtopｒｅventinsecｔｓｆroｍeatinｇit.Qｕｅstiｏｎｓ46tｏ50aｒebａsedonthｅｆoｌlｏwingpasｓａge:Wｈereoneｓｔageofｃｈiｌddｅveｌoｐmenthasbeenｌｅfｔout，ornotsuｆfiｃｉentlｙexpｅrienced,thechiｌｄｍaｙhavetｏｇobackａndcａpturetheeｘperieｎceｏfiｔ.Ａgoodhomemａkesthｉspｏssiｂle,ｆoreｘamplebｙｐrｏvidｉｎｇｔｈeoppｏrｔｕｎityｆｏrtｈechildtopｌaywｉtｈacloｃｋwoｒkcarortｏyrailｗaytrainuptoanｙageifhesｔiｌｌnｅe(cuò)dｓtｏdｏso.Thisｐｒinciｐle，iｎfact,undｅｒlｉeｓaｌlpｓychoｌogicaltreaｔｍｅｎtｏｆchｉldrｅnindｉｆficultieswithｔhｅｉrdeveｌopment,ａndiｓｔhｅｂasisofwｏｒkｉnchｉldclinics.Thebeginningsoｆdｉsｃｉｐlｉneaｒeiｎtｈenurｓｅry.Eventheｙoｕｎｇesｔbａｂyistaughtbｙｇradualsｔａgｅｓtｏwaitforfoｏｄ,ｔosleeｐanｄｗaｋeatrｅgulａrinｔｅrｖａlsandsoon.Ifthechildｆeelｓthewoｒｌdaroundｈｉｍiｓａｗａrmanｄfrieｎdlyone,hesｌoｗlyacｃeptsitsｒhｙthｍandaccｕstｏmshimselｆtoconfoｒmingtｏｉｔsdｅmａnds.Lｅarninｇtoｗaｉtfortｈｉngｓ,ｐａrｔiｃulaｒｌyfｏrｆooｄ,isaveryｉmportａnｔelemｅntiｎupbringing,ａｎdisachievedsuｃcessｆｕｌlyonlyiｆtoogreａt(yī)demaｎdsａrenｏtmadeｂeｆoretheｃhilｄcaｎunｄｅrstandｔｈem．Eｖeryｐareｎtｗaｔchesｅaｇerlythecｈild'sacｑuisitionofeａchｎｅwskill—ｔhefirstsｐokenｗords,thefirsｔｉndepｅnｄeｎtsｔeps,ortheｂｅgiｎnｉｎgofreaｄinｇａndwritiｎg.Itiｓoftｅｎｔemptｉngtohurrythechilｄbeyｏndhiｓnaturallearningrate，buttｈiscanseｔupdangｅrｏｕsfeeｌiｎgoffailｕrｅandstatesofａnxieｔyinthechilｄ.Thismｉｇｈthaｐpenａt(yī)anyｓtａｇe．Aｂabｙｍｉgｈｔｂeforcｅｄtouseatoilｅtｔooｅａrly,aｙouｎｇchildｍｉｇｈｔbeencoｕｒaｇedｔolｅarnｔoｒeadbｅforehｅkｎｏwsthemeanｉngoｆtｈｅｗorｄshereａds.Oｎtheｏtｈerhａｎd,thougｈ,ｉfａcｈｉldｉslｅftalｏnｅtｏomuch，orwithouｔａnyｌeａrninｇoppｏrｔunitiｅs,ｈelosｅshisnatuｒalzestfoｒｌifeanｄhｉsdｅsｉrｅtｏｆｉndｏutnewthingｓfoｒhｉmｓｅｌf.Learningtｏgｅtherisafruitsourｃeoｆｒelａt(yī)ionｓhipbetweeｎcｈｉldrenandparｅnｔs.Byｐlayingtogｅther,pａrｅntsleaｒｎmｏreaboｕｔthｅｉrchｉldｒenanｄchiｌdrenlearnmorｅfromtheiｒpaｒeｎtｓ.Toｙsanｄgameswhichｂothpａrｅnｔsaｎdｃhilｄｒｅｎcａnshareaｒeａｎimportantmeａnsoｆachievingthisco-opｅｒation.Buildｉng-ｂlｏcktoyｓ,jigsawpuzzlesandcroｓsｗoｒｄaregoodeｘaｍｐｌeｓ.Ｐaｒentsｖaｒygreaｔｌyintheiｒdegrｅｅofstriｃtnessorindｕlgeｎｃetowardｓｔｈeirchildreｎ.Soｍemaｙbeesｐecｉａｌlｙstrｉctinmoneｙmａt(yī)ters,othersａｒeseverｅoｖerｔimeｓofｃomｉngｈomｅａｔｎight,punctuaｌityｆorｍealsorpersonalclｅａnliｎｅss．Ｉngeｎeraｌ,thecontrｏlsimposeｄrｅｐreseｎttｈｅｎeedsoftheｐａrenｔｓａｎdｔhｅvaｌuｅｓｏfthecommuｎityaｓmuｃhasthechilｄ＇sowｎhappineｓsandwell-beｉnｇ.46.Theprinciｐlｅunderlｙingallｔreａt(yī)mentofdevelopｍentaldifｆicｕlｔieｓinchildren__＿_(dá)___＿_(dá)＿.A.isｔosenｄｔhemtｏclｉnicsＢ.offersrecaｐｔureoｆeaｒliｅrｅｘperiencｅsC.isinｔheprovisioｎofclocｋwoｒkｔoyｓandtrainsD.istocａptuｒｅｔhembefｏretheｙaresufｆicｉｅntlyexpｅｒiencｅd47．Thecｈildintｈenursery_＿_(dá)___＿_(dá)＿_(dá)．A.qｕicｋlyｌearnｓtｏwａitfｏrｆoodＢ.ｄｏesn'tiniｔiallysｌeｅpａndwakeatregularintervalsC.ａlｗaysaccｅptｓtｈerhｙｔhmｏftheworlｄarounｄtｈemＤ.alwaｙsfeeｌstheworldarｏundｈiｍiｓwarmａｎｄｆriｅｎdlｙ４8．Ｔheencouragｅｍentofchｉlｄｒeｎtoacｈiｅvenewskilｌs____＿＿＿_(dá)__.A.cａｎneverbetakentoofarB.shoｕｌｄbeleftｔoｓｃhooltｅachersC．ｗilｌalwaｙsａssisttheirdevelopmeｎｔD.shoｕlｄbebalancedbetｗeentwoeｘtremｅｓ49．Jigsawpｕｚzｌesａｒe__＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)___.A.tｏodｉfｆicultforchｉldrｅｎB.akindofbuiｌding-bｌｏcktｏyC.noｔveryentertainingforadulｔsＤ.ｓuｉtableeｘeｒciｓesforpareｎt-cｈｉｌdcｏｏperａｔion５０．Paｒeｎtalconｔroｌsandｄiscipｌine_＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_＿.A.sｅrｖeａduaｌpurposeB．shｏuｌdｂeaｖoiｄedasmｕchasposｓｉblｅＣ.ｒｅflectthevaｌuesofthecommuｎityD.aｒｅdesｉｇnedtｏpromoｔｅｔhecｈｉld'shappiｎｅssQｕestions５1tｏ55arebaｓｅｄｏntｈefoｌlowｉｎgpasｓａｇｅ:ＭorethａｎｈａｌｆofalｌJewsmarｒieｄinU.S.ｓｉncｅ19９０havｅｗｅｄpｅoｐlewｈｏａｒｅn'tJｅｗｉsｈ.Nearly48０,000AmｅriｃanｃhildrenundｅrtheageoftenhａveoneJｅwｉshaｎdｏｎenon-Jewishpareｎt.And,ifasurｖeyｃｏｍpiledｂyreseａrｃｈersattheUniversityoｆＣaliforniａaｔＬosAngeleｓisanyｉnｄicatiｏｎ,it＇sａlｍostｃertaｉｎthaｔmostoftheseｃhｉldｒｅｎwillｎｏｔidｅｎｔifyｔhｅmselvesａs“Ｊewish”whenthｅygetoldｅr.Thａt(yī)sｕrvｅｙａskedｃollegefrｅsｈmeｎ,ｗhｏarｅusuaｌlｙaｒｏunｄage18,aｂouttheirｏｗnａｎdtｈeｉrｐaｒents'ｒｅｌｉgiｏuｓｉｄenｔｉtｉes.Niｎｅty－thｒeｅｐｅrｃentｏfthｏsewitｈtｗoJｅwishｐarentｓsａidtｈｅythoｕｇhtoｆthemselｖｅｓasJeｗisｈ.Butwhenthefaｔheｒwａsｎ'ｔＪeｗish,thenumbeｒdｒoppedto３8peｒcent,andwｈentheｍｏtｈｅrwaｓn'tＪeｗ,jusｔ15pｅｒｃｅntoftheｓｔuｄentssａｉｄtheywereＪewisｈ,too．“IthinｋwhatwａｓｓｕrｐrisinｇｗasjusthowlowｔheＪeｗｉsｈｉdｅｎtifｉcａt(yī)iｏnｗａｓinｔheｓemixｅdmarriａgefaｍilｉes.”LｉndaSaxｉsaprofeｓsｏrｏｆeducatｉonａｔＵCＬA.Shediｒecｔedthesurveywhicｈｗaｓcoｎductedoveｒthecｏurseoｆｍorethaｎaｄecadeaｎdwasｎ'tacｔuａｌlyａboutreligｉousｉdentiｔyｓｐecificａlly．BuｔPrｏfesｓoｒSａｘsaysｔheａnswerｓtoｑｕｅｓｔionｓaboutrｅligionwerｅｐarｔｉcularlystrikｉｎg,anddeserｖeamorｅdetaｉlｅdstｕdy.Shesayｓit'sobｖioｕsthａt(yī)interfaiｔhmａrrｉagewoｒksagａinsttｈｅdevｅloｐmentofＪewishiｄeｎtｉtyａmｏngchildren,buｔsaysｉt'snotclｅaraｔthｉｓpｏinｔwhythaｔ'sthecaｓe.“Tｈｉsnewsｔudyisｎecessarytoｇetmｏｒein-depthaｂouttheirfeelｉngsabouｔtheirrｅligion.That＇ssomeｔhingthatthｅstuｄyｔｈａt(yī)Ｉcoｍplｅtedｗａsnotａbletｏdｏ.Wedidn'thaveiｎformatｉononhoｗtheyfｅｅlａｂoｕtｔheirｒｅligioｎ,wｈeｔheｒtheyｈaｖeaｎycｏnｃｅrnabｏｕtｔheiriｓｓuｅsoｆidentiｆｉｃａt(yī)ion,howｃｏmfortabletheyfeelａbｏuttheiｒliｆeｌoｎgｇoａlｓ.Ｉthｉnkthenewｓtudy＇sgoiｎgｔocovｅｒｓoｍｅofthａｔ,”sｈeｓays.JayRuｂinｉsｅxeｃutiｖedｉrectoroｆHileｌ,anaｔioｎａlorganｉzatiｏnthatwｏrkswithＪeｗｉｓhcolｌegeｓtudents．Mr.RuｂinsaｙsJｕdａisｍｉsmoｒｅｔｈａnareliｇioｎ,it'sanexpｅrieｎcｅ.Ａｎdwiththatinmｉnd,HillelhasｃomｍｉssiｏneｄastuｄyoｆJewiｓhａt(yī)ｔituｄestｏwardｓJuｄaｉsｍ.Reseａrｃhｅｒswｉｌlｃｏncentrateｐrimaｒilｙonｙoungaduｌts,andｔhosｅwitｈｔｗoJeｗishpareｎtｓ，andtｈosewithjuｓtｏne，ｔｈosewhoseｅtｈemselvesasＪewishandthosewhodｏnot.JaｙRubinｓａysHilleｌｗilｌtheｎuseｔhｉsstuｄytofoｒmｕlaｔeａstrａｔegyformａkｉngJudａｉsmmorｅrelevａnttothｅnextｇenerationofAmｅｒicａｎJewｓ.51．Thebesｔｔｉｔleｏftｈisｐａssａgeis__________．Ａ.ＪｅｗishandNon-JewishinAmｅｒiｃanＢ．ＪewiｓhIｄentｉｔyinＡmericａＣ.Ｊｕdaism－ａReｌigion?D.ＣolleｇｅＪeｗishStｕdentｓ52.AmongtｈeｆｒeshmenatUCLA____＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)_tｈoughttheｍselｖesasJｅwiｓh．A.ｍｏｓtB.93%ofthoｓewhoｓeparentswerebothJewishC．62%ｏftｈｏｓeoｎlywhosefatｈeｒwｅreJewｉｓhＤ.15%oftｈｏseonlｙｗｈosemotherwｅreJｅwish53.Thephｒａse“inｔerｆａitｈｍarriage”inthePａragraｐh3ｒｅferstｏthｅ______＿_(dá)__.A.marｒiaｇeofpｅopleｂａseｄonmuｔuａｌbeｌiｅfＢ.marｒiageoｆpeｏplefortheｃｏｍｍonｆaithC.marｒiaｇeofpeｏpleofdｉffｅrentreliｇiousfaithsＤ.ｍａrrｉａgeｏfpeoplewhｏhavefａｉthiｎｅａchotｈer５4．Ｗhichofthefｏllｏｗingstａt(yī)ｅmｅntｓisNOTｔrueａboｕtprｏｆessorSaｘ'sreseａrch？A．Ｔheｒesｅａｒchｉndｉcatｅsthａt(yī)mosｔｓtudｅｎｔswiｔhｏnlyoｎeJewisｈparentｗilｌnotｔhｉnktｈeｍｓelvｅsasJｅwish.Ｂ.TｈesurvｅｙwascarrｉeｄoutamongJewisｈFreshmen.C．Therｅsearchｓurｖeyｄidｎ'ｔfｉnｄｏuｔｗhaｔaｎｄhowｔｈeｓeＪｅwishｓtudentｓthinkaboutｔｈｅirreｌigion.Ｄ．Ｔheresearｃhpｒesｅnｔsanewperspｅctiveforthｅｆｕtureｓｔudy.55．Wｈichofｔhefｏllowingistrueaｃcordingtｏtheｌａstparaｇrapｈ？Ａ．Mr.ＲubｉnisｔheｆounｄeｒofHillel．Ｂ.Mｒ．RuｂｉnｔhｉｎkstｈaｔJｕdaiｓｍiｓnotareligionaｎｄit'sanexｐeriencｅ.C.ＨillelisanorganizationcoｎcｅrｎedｗithJｅwｉｓhcｏｌｌegｅｓtｕdentsintheworｌｄ.D．ＨｉllelｈasａskedcertａinpeopletoｃarryｏuｔａｓｔudｙaboutＪｅｗｉshattitudesｔowaｒdsＪｕdａｉｓm.Qｕｅstｉonｓ５6to６０ａrebasedｏntｈeｆｏllowiｎgpasｓaｇe:Govｅrnmｅntsｔhａt(yī)ｗaｎttheｉrｐeopletopｒosｐeｒinthｅburｇeoningｗｏrlｄeｃｏnomyｓhoulｄｇuａrａnteｅｔwobaｓｉcrights：tｈｅriｇhｔtoprivateprｏpertyａndtheｒiｇhttoenfｏrｃeablecontracts,sａｙsMancuｒOlsoninｈisbookPoweｒandProｓｐeritｙ.OｌｓonwaｓａneconomｉcｓpｒofessoraｔtheＵniveｒsｉｔｙofＳｏmｅhavearguedthatｓｕcｈｒｉghｔsaremerｅlｙlｕｘurｉeｓthａt(yī)ｗealtｈysｏcｉetｉesbeｓtoｗ,bｕｔＯlsonturnｓthａｔａrgumｅｎｔａroundandassertsｔhatsucｈrigｈtｓareesｓeｎtiａｌtocreatinｇweａｌtｈ．“Incomesａrelｏwinmosｔoftheｃountriｅsoｆthｅｗoｒｌd,inｓhoｒｔ,ｂeｃaｕsetｈeｐｅoｐlｅintｈosecoｕntrieｓdonothａveｓｅcｕｒeinｄiviｄｕａlrｉghtｓ,”ｈesayｓ.Certainsimｐｌeecｏnomicaｃtivｉtiｅｓ,ｓuchａsfｏｏｄgaｔheｒiｎganｄmakinghａndicrａfts,ｒｅｌymostlｙoniｎdｉｖiduａllａｂor;propｅｒtｙisnotnｅcessaｒy.Ｂutｍｏreadvanｃｅｄaｃtｉvitｉｅs，suchａstheｍａsｓproduｃtiｏｎoｆgoodｓ,ｒeqｕirｅmachiｎesaｎｄｆactorｉesaｎdoｆficeｓ．Thｉsproductionisofｔencａllｅｄcａpiｔal-ｉntenｓｉve,buｔｉtisreallyproperty－iｎtensiｖｅ,Oｌsonobｓｅrｖes．“Noonewｏuldnｏrmaｌlｙengagｅincaｐｉtal－intenｓivepｒｏductionｉｆheｏrsheｄiｄnothａveriｇhｔsｔhaｔkeｐｔthevaｌuａｂlｅcａｐiｔａｌｆrombｅｉｎｇｔakenｂｙbanｄits,whｅtｈeｒｒovｉngoｒstatiｏnａｒy,”heargｕｅs.“Ｔｈｅreisnoprivatepｒopertywithoｕｔｇoｖerｎｍｅnt—iｎdiviｄualsｍayhavｅｐossｅｓｓioｎｓ，thewａyadogｐｏssesｓesabｏnｅ,buttｈereisprivateprｏpｅｒtyoｎlyiftheｓocietypｒotｅｃtsanddefendsａpriｖateｒｉghtｔoｔhaｔpossｅssｉoｎaｇainｓｔotｈｅrｐrivaｔｅpaｒtiesandagaｉnｓtｔhegovernmentaswell.”Woulｄ－beenｔreｐrｅneｕrs,nomatterhｏｗsmall，aｌsoneeｄaｇｏvｅｒｎｍenｔａndcoｕｒtｓyｓteｍthatwｉllmaｋesurepｅoplｅhonoｒｔheｉrcｏntracts．Ｉnfａcｔ,thｅｂａｎkinｇｓｙsteｍsrｅlｉｅdｏｎbｙｄevelopｅdｎａt(yī)ionｓarebａsedonjusｔsuchanenｆorcｅablecoｎｔrａctsystem.“Ｗewoｕlｄnｏtdeｐｏsitouｒｍoｎｅyｉnbanｋs..．ifwｅｃｏuldnoｔｒelyonthｅbａnkｈavｉngtoｈonoritsｃｏnｔractwitｈus，aｎdｔhebankwｏuｌdｎotbeａblｅtomａketｈeproｆitｓｉｔｎeedｓtoｓtayｉnbusinｅｓsｉfitcouｌｄnoｔenｆorceitsloancontrａｃtsｗｉthborrowers,”O(jiān)ｌsｏnwrites.ＯtherecｏｎomistshavearguedthａｔthepoｏｒｅcoｎomｉesofＴhiｒdWorldanｄcomｍuniｓtｃountrieｓaretheｒesｕltofgovernmｅntssｅｔtiｎgboｔhpｒiceｓａｎdtheｑuaｎｔitiesofgｏｏｄｓproduｃedraｔheｒthaｎletｔingａfreemarketdeterｍineｔhem.Olsｏnａgreeｓthｅｒeｉｓsｏmemerｉttothiｓｐoｉntofview,ｂｕｔhearguｅsｔhａt(yī)govｅｒnmentintervｅntionisnｏtenougｈtoeｘplaiｎthepoveｒｔyoftheｓecountries．Rａt(yī)hｅr，therｅaｌprｏbleｍislackofiｎdividuａlrighｔsthatｇivepｅopleincentiveｔogｅnerａt(yī)ewealｔh.“Ifaｓoｃieｔyｈaｓclｅarandsecuｒｅiｎdividuａlrigｈts,therｅarestrongiｎcentiveｓ(刺激，動(dòng)力）tｏproｄｕcｅ,inｖest，ａndｅnｇageinmｕtｕallｙaｄｖanｔaｇeouｓｔradｅ,ａndtｈerｅforeatleａsｔsomeｅcoｎomicaｄvaｎce，”Ｏｌsｏnｃoncluｄes.５6.WhｉchofthefoｌlowingisｔｒｕｅaboutOｌｓoｎ?A.Hewasafictiｏnwｒｉteｒ.B.Hｅe(cuò)diteｄtｈeboｏkPoweraｎdＰｒospeｒity.C.HeｔaughｔeconomicsａｔtｈeUniversityＤ.Hｅwasａgａiｎsttｈｅownｅｒｓhipofprｉvａt(yī)eprｏperty.57．ＷｈichoｆtheｆｏｌlowingｒeprｅｓentsOlson'ｓpointorvieｗ?A.Ｐroteｃtｉｎgiｎdivｉduaｌpｒoｐertｙrigｈｔｓencｏuｒagesweａlthbｕildinｇ.B．Oｎｌyinwealｔhyｓocｉetｉesｄｏｐeoplｅhavesecurｅiｎdividualrｉｇｈtｓ.C.Sｅcuｒeｉｎdividuａlriｇhtsarebｒoｕghtabｏutbｙtheｗeａｌthoftｈｅsocｉｅty.Ｄ.Insｏmecouｎtries，peoplｅdｏn＇thavesecuｒeindｉviｄualrｉghtsbeｃauｓeｔhey＇repoor.58.WhaｔdｏesOlｓonｔhinkabｏutmasｓｐroduction?A．Ｉt'scａpitaｌinｔeｎsive.B．It'spropertyｉntｅnsivｅ.C.Itreｌiesｏninｄiｖiduaｌｌaｂor.D.Itreｌｉesｏnｉｎdividualｓkｉlls．59．Ｗhatisthebａsiｓforthebaｎkingsyｓtem?Ａ.Contｒａｃｔsｙsteｍtｈaｔcanbeenfoｒcｅd.B.Peｏple'sｗillｉｎｇnesｓtodepositmoneyｉnｂaｎｋs.C.Tｈeｐoｓsｉbｉlitｙthatｔheｂankｃanmａｋeｐroｆitsfrｏmitｓborｒowｅrｓ．Ｄ.Thefactthatsomeｐeoｐｌehaｖesurｐluｓmｏneywｈilesoｍeneedloans.６0.AｃcordinｇｔoOlson,ｗｈatisthｅｒeasonfｏｒthｅpooreｃonomｉesofThirdＷo(hù)ｒldｃountｒｉes？A.ｇovernｍenｔintｅrvenｔiｏnB.lacｋｏfsecurｅｉndividuａlrｉｇhtsC.beｉngshoｒtoｆcaｐiｔalＤ.lackofafｒeｅmaｒketPartⅣCｌｏze(10％)Dirｅcｔions:Ｔhereａre２０blanksinｔhｅfollowｉｎgpassａge.ForeachbｌanktherｅarｅｆouｒchoicｅsｍarｋedA,B,CａｎdD．ＹoushｏuldcｈooｓetｈeONEthaｔbesｔｆitｓｉntothepａssagｅ．TheｎmarｋtheｃoｒrｅｓpｏndiｎgletｔeronthｅAnsｗeｒＳｈｅe(cuò)t.FoｒtｈｅpeｏpleｗhohaｖeｎeveｒtraｖeledａcroｓsｔhｅＡtlaｎtｉcthevoyａｇeｉsａfaｎｔａｓｙ.ButforｔhepeoｐlewhｏcrｏssitｆreqｕｅnｔｌｙoｎｅｃｒｏｓsingoｆｔｈeＡtlanｔｉcisverｙｍｕchlｉkeanotｈｅr,andｔheｙdｏｎoｔｍakethｅvoｙageｆoｒthe__61__oｆｉｔsinterest.Mosｔｏfusaｒeqｕｉteｈａｐｐyｗhｅnwｅｆeel__62__togoｔobeｄaｎdpleaseｄwhentheｊｏurney__63__.ＯｎthｅfirstnighttｈisｔimeIfeltｅspｅｃiａllylａzyａｎｄwenｔｔobｅｄ__６4__earｌiertｈａｎusｕal.ＷhｅnI＿_(dá)65_＿mycaｂｉｎ,Iwassｕrpｒisｅd_＿66＿_(dá)thatIwastoｈaｖｅａｃｏmpanionｄurｉｎｇmytrip,wｈｉchmadｅｍｅfｅe(cuò)lalｉttlｅｕｎｈappy.Ｉｈaｄexpected＿＿67__buttheｒｅwasasｕitcasｅ＿_(dá)6８＿＿miｎeintheopｐosiｔecｏrｎer.Iwonderedwhoｈｅcouｌｄbｅandwhathｅwoｕｌdbｅlike．Soonafterｗａrｄｓhecaｍｅin．Hewastｈｅｓorｔofmanyｏｕmigｈｔmeｅt__69＿＿,excｅpttｈathｅwaswearing__70＿＿goｏdｃlotｈesthatIｍadeuｐｍyminｄtｈaｔwewouldnot_＿71__wｈoeｖerhewasａnddidnotsａy__72__．AsIhadｅxpectｅd,heｄidｎoｔtalktｏmeeitｈerbutwenttobｅdｉmｍeｄiately．ＩsｕｐpoｓｅＩslｅｐtｆorseｖeralhoursｂｅｃausewhｅnＩwokｅuｐitｗasalｒeadythemidｄleofｔhenighｔ.Ifelｔcoldｂutcｏvｅrｅd_＿７3__ａsｗｅllasIcouldａｎｄtrｉｅｓｔoｇobaｃｋtosleｅp.ThenＩｒealiｚedthaｔa__74＿_(dá)wascｏｍingfromthewｉndｏwoppoｓｉte.IthｏuｇhｔpｅｒhapsIhaｄfｏrｇotten__75__tｈedｏor,sｏIgｏtuｐ_＿76__ｔhｅdoｏrbｕtｆoｕnｄitalreadｙloｃkedfromtheinsｉde.Thｅｃoldaｉrwａscomｉｎgfromｔhewindowｏpposite.Icｒoｓsedｔｈeroｏmanｄ__77_＿tｈemooｎshoｎｅthrouｇhiｔoｎtotheoｔhｅrbed.__７8__ｔhｅrｅ.Iｔtookmeaminuteortｗotｏ＿_(dá)79＿＿tｈｅdoormyself.Iｒealiｚedthaｔmｙｃompaｎiｏn__8０_＿ｔhrｏughtｈｅwindowintoｔｈeseａ.6１. Ａ.reason?? ?B.ｍoｔｉve ? Ｃ.cａuｓe ? ?D.sake62.?A.tiredenough?B．enouｇhｔired?C.enoｕghｔiriｎg D.eｎｏugｈtiｒｉnｇ6３．?Ａ.isaｃhievｅd B．fｉnish?C.iｓｏveｒ?D.isｉntｈｅe(cuò)nｄ64. A.quｉte B.rａt(yī)hｅｒ C.faｉrly Ｄ.ｓomeｈow６5．?A.aｒrivｅｄinB．reaｃheｄｔo C.arriｖeｄto D．ｒｅaｃhedat66. A.ｆorｓeeing Ｂ．thatIsaｗ C.ａt(yī)seｅｉnｇ D.tｏsee67. A．beinglonｅly B．toｂeloｎｅly?C.ｂeingａlonｅ?Ｄ.ｔoｂealoｎe68.?A.like B.as ?C.similａrｔhaｎ?Ｄ.thesａmeｔhａt(yī)69. A.ineachpｌace?Ｂ.fｏｒalｌparts?C.soｍewｈeｒe D.anywheｒe７0． A.aso? Ｂ.sｏ??C.suｃｈa?D．sｕch71.?A.treattｏgｅtheｒｗell ? B.pａｓstoｇetherwellC.ｇetonwelltoｇｅtｈer? D.goｂyｗeｌｌtｏｇeｔher72.?A.himasingleｗord??B.hiｍnotonｅｗｏｒｄC.asｉngｌewordtｏhiｍ Ｄ.nｏtoneｗordtohiｍ73. A．upｍe B.upmｙsｅlf? Ｃ.uｐｔomyｓelf? D.myselfup74．?Ａ.drａｆt?B.voice C．a(chǎn)ir??D.soｕnd75. A.tｏcloｓｅ B.ｃｌｏsiｎg?Ｃ.toｈａｖetoclosｅD.ｆorｃloｓiｎg７6. A．toshuｔ?B.fｏrshｕｔtｉｎg C．inshuttiｎｇ?D．ｂuｔｓhut77.?A.whiledｏiｎgｌikethat ? B．ａsＩdｉdlikｅtｈatC.asIdidｓｏ D.atｄoingsｏ78. Ａ.Itｗasnoone??B．TｈerewasnooneC．Iｔｗａsanyｏｎe??D.Therewasanyoｎe７9.?Ａ.ｒｅminｄtolock? 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