第99至call cercles譯一審二審早期微電腦不能呈現(xiàn)人聲錄音和易識(shí)別圖像但這局限很快就被

碟系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)后，就有了交互式影碟：Montevidisco影碟（SchneiderandBenni（Expodisc（Davies,1991交互式影碟的研發(fā)者在世紀(jì)年代學(xué)到的技巧同樣適用于世紀(jì)年代早期廣泛使用的多個(gè)人電腦（MPC。只讀光盤（CD-ROM）是多個(gè)人電腦的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在20世紀(jì)80年代，只讀光盤就得到了應(yīng)用，最早用于大量文本，后來(lái)用于聲音、靜態(tài)圖像及。到20世紀(jì)90年代中期，語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者可以接觸到各種各樣的多只讀光盤，包括虛構(gòu)的模擬課堂活動(dòng)教學(xué)片斷。例如《誰(shuí)是?（由紐約語(yǔ)言互動(dòng)公司制作。多個(gè)在質(zhì)量和使用靈活性上均超過(guò)了后者。在CD-ROM（DVD，DVD頻 。但是，21世紀(jì)初社會(huì)進(jìn)步巨大，網(wǎng)也成為CALL的活動(dòng)中心2010，（MALL（Shield8）中使用手持可攜帶設(shè)備以及在第二生活（Molka-DanielsenandDeutsann,2009）這種虛擬世界中進(jìn)行教學(xué)。即，CALL（Bax,2003;BaxandChambers,2006referringtoWarschauer,1996,andtoWarschauerandHealey,1998?，F(xiàn)在，CALL對(duì)諸多語(yǔ)言教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)都產(chǎn)生了影響。任何一個(gè)語(yǔ)言中心幾乎都擁有多臺(tái)多電腦，并能提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。CALL在自主學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)習(xí)CALL在英國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)（ALL、英國(guó)文化教育、歐洲、學(xué)院、國(guó)際現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言教師（FIPLV）及國(guó)際英語(yǔ)教師（IATEFL）的活中是其。建立時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的三大是計(jì)算機(jī)輔助語(yǔ)言教學(xué)（CALICO《計(jì)算機(jī)輔助語(yǔ)言教學(xué)會(huì)（EUROCALL《歐洲計(jì)算機(jī)輔助語(yǔ)言教學(xué)研究會(huì)）和國(guó)際語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)（IALLT《國(guó)際語(yǔ)言教學(xué)技術(shù)會(huì)。近期的包括亞太地區(qū)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助外語(yǔ)教學(xué)（APACALL《亞太地區(qū)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助外語(yǔ)教學(xué)通（AsiaCALL CALL輔助語(yǔ)言教育與技 （JALTCALL 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助語(yǔ)言教育與技會(huì) （PacCALL會(huì)InformationandCommunicationsTechnologyforlanguageteachers(ICT en/enjiome.htmLanguageLearningTechnologyJournal(LLTJ)\deslanguesetemesd’informationetdecommunication(ALSIC-LanguageLearningandInformationandCommunicationsTechnology):.Ahmad,K.,Corbett,G.,Rogers,M.andSus,R.(1985)Computers,LanguageLearningandLanguageTeaching,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Bax,S.(2003)‘CALL-past,presentandfuture’,System31:13-Bax,S.andChambers,A.(2006)‘MakingCALLwork:towardstion’,System34,4:465-Davies,G.D.(1991)‘Expodisc-aninctivediscpackagelearnersofH.SavolainenandJ.enius(eds),EURO-CALL91:proceedings,Helsinki:HelsinkiSchoolofEconomics.Davies,G.D.andHiggins,J.J.(1982)Computers,LanguageandLanguageLearning,London:CELT.Davies,G.D.andHiggins,J.J.(1985)UsingComputersinLanguageLearning:ATeacher'sGuide,London:CILT.Higgins,J.J.andJohns,T.(1984)ComputersinLanguageLearning,LJohns,T.andKing,P.(eds)(1991)ClassroomConcordancing,specialissueofELRJournal4,UniversityofBirmingham,CentreforEnglishLanguageStudies.Kenning,M.J.andKenning,M.M.(1984)AnIntroductiontoComputerAssistedLanguageTeaching,Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.Last,R.W.(1984)LanguageTeachingandtheuter,Oxford:BlLast,R.W.(1989)ArtificialIligenceTechniquesinLanguageLearning,Chichester:Ellis.Marty,F.(1981)‘Reflectionsontheuseofcomputersinseconduageacquisition’,System9,2:85-Matthews,C.(1994)‘InligentComputerAssistedLanguageLearningascognitivescience:thechoiceofsyntacticframeworksforlanguagetutoring’,JournalofArtificialIligenceinEducation5,Molka-Danielsen,J.andDeutsann,M.(eds)(2009)LearningandTeachingintheVirtualWorldofSecondLife,Trondheim,Norway:TapirAcademicPress.Schneider,E.W.andBennion,J.L.(1984)‘Veni,vidi,vici,viadisc:asimulatorforinstructionalcourseware’.InD.H.Wyatt(ed.),ComputerAssistedLanguageInstruction,Oxford:Pergamon.Shield,L.andKukulska-Hulme,A.(eds)(2008)specialeditionofReCALL(20,3)onAssistedLanguageLearning.Sinclair,J.(ed.)(2004)HowtoUseCorporainLanguageTeaching,Amsterdam:JohnBenjamins.Thomas,M.(ed.)(2008)HandbookofResearchonWeb2.0andSecondLanguageLearning,Hershey,PA:IGIGlobal.Thomas,M.andSid,E.C.(eds)(2010)IctiveWhisforEducation:Theory,ResearchandPractice,Hershey,PA:IGIGlobal.Tribble,C.andJones,G.(1997)ConcordancingintheClassroom:AResourceGuideforTeachers,Houston,TX:AthelstanPublications.Warschauer,M.(1996)‘Computer-assistedlanguagelearning:anintroduction’.InS.Fotos(ed.),MultimediaLanguageTeaching,Tokyo:LogosInternational.Warschauer,M.andHealey,D.(1998)‘Computersandlanguagelearning:anoverview’,LanguageTeaching31:57-71.CALLJournal,London:Davies,G.D.(2005)‘ComputerAssistedLanguageLearning:wherearewenowandwherearewegoing?’, Delcloque,P.(2000)HistoryofCALL Dudeney,G.(2007)TheInternetandtheLanguageClassroom,2ndedn,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Felix,U.(2008)‘TheunreasonableeffectivenessofCALL:whathavewelearnedintwodecadesofresearch?’ReCALL20,2:141-61.Hubbard,P.(2009)(ed.)ComputerAssistedLanguageLearning,vols-IV,LondonandNewYork:Korsvold,A.-K.andRuschoff,B.(eds)(1997)NewinLanguageLearningandTeaching,Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope.Levy,M.(1997)CA