2021屆高考英語大一輪復(fù)習Unit12CultureShock課時作業(yè)12b北師大版必修

PAGEPAGE1課時作業(yè)12CultureShockⅠ.閱讀理解(2019·上海中學模擬)Theeffectofdrinkingcoffeeonhealthhaslongbeenasubjectofconflictanduncertainty.Sincethe1980s,somehavespokenoutagainstcoffeeasharmfultohealth,whileothershavewelcomedcoffeeforitssupposedbenefitstohealth.Accordingtoascientificreport,mildcoffeeconsumption,threetofivecupsperday,canbetakenasahealthydietarypattern,alongwithotherhealthfulbehaviors.ThereportalsosaysthatcoffeeconsumptionhelpsreducetheriskofheartdiseaseanditprotectsagainstParkinson'sdisease.AccordingtoDrDonaldHensrudofMayoClinic,highconsumptionofcoffeehashealthrisks.DrHensrudmentionsthedangersofhighcoffeeconsumptionforpeoplewithacertainillnessthatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody.Somestudiessaidthatdrinkingtwoormorecupsofcoffeedailycanactuallyincreasetheriskofheartdiseaseinthesepeople.AccordingtoconclusionsfromarecentstudyledbyDrGregoryMarcus,adoctorfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,dailyUntilthescientificcommunityreachesageneralagreementontheeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhumanhealth,itwillbeuptotheindividualtodecidewhetherthebenefitsofdrinkingcoffeearegreaterthantherisks.Wheninformedofthesepossiblehealthbenefitsandharmsofdrinkingcoffee,Harwood,ahighschoolstudentstated,“Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffee,forthemostpart,coffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake.”本文講述的是每天飲用適量的咖啡對身體有益，過度飲用咖啡會對身體健康造成危害，并引發(fā)一些疾病。1．Whatisthepeople'sattitudetowardstheeffectofcoffeeonhealthaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Disapproving. B．Tolerant.C．Doubtful. D．Mixed.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句話可知，一些人抵制，認為咖啡有害健康，而另外一些人則支持，認為咖啡對健康有益，由此可判斷出，人們的觀點是好壞兼有的。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“moderate”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Personal. B．Slight.C．Reasonable. D．Heavy.答案：C解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“threetofivecupsperday,canbetakenasahealthydietarypattern,alongwithotherhealthfulbehaviors”可知，每天3～5杯咖啡，被認為是健康的，再結(jié)合本段中的“l(fā)essthan4cups,isnotassociatedwiththeseissues”可判斷出，少于4杯屬于適量攝入，故moderate的意思應(yīng)該是“適量，合理的”。3．WhatcanweinferaboutHarwood?A．He'llkeepondrinkingcoffee.B．Heloveshishighschoollife.C．Heoftenfallsasleepinclass.D．Hehassomehealthproblems.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Harwood所說的話可知，大多數(shù)情況下，喝咖啡對健康有好處。更不用說，他需要咖啡來保持清醒。由此可以推斷出，Harwood還會繼續(xù)喝咖啡。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．People'sLoveforCoffeeB．Coffee'sEffectonHealthC．TheCultureofCoffeeDrinkingD．TheNewFindingsofHeartDisease答案：B解析：標題判斷題。本文主要講述的是咖啡對人體健康的影響。適量飲用咖啡對身體有益，過度則影響身心健康。Ⅱ.閱讀填句(2019·北京市第四中學模擬)TheguywhotriedtoeditEnglishTheEnglishvocabularyisnotonlyhuge,butitisalsofullofwordsthatmeanpracticallythesamething.Get,obtain,acquire.Shine,gleam,glow,sparkle.__1__ThatwasthethinkingofaBritishwriternamedC．K.Ogden,whointhe1930spromotedanewformofEnglishwithavocabularyofjust850words.HecalledtheprojectBasicEnglish.__2__Ogdenarrivedathis850-wordlistthroughexperimentation.Thewordshefinallyincludedwerenotnecessarilytheshortestormostconcrete.__3__Becauseanyverbal(動詞的)ideacouldbeexpressedwithasmallnumberof“operators”—wordslikecome,go,take,have,make,beanddo—Ogdenarguedthatmostverbswereunnecessary.InBasicEnglish,eatis“haveameal”andforgetis“gofrommemory”．WinstonChurchillwasafanoftheconceptasawaytogetforeignerstospeakEnglish,andheencouragedtheBBCtouseit.__4__Roosevelt,whoexpressedmildinterest,jokedthatChurchill'sfamousspeechaboutofferinghis“blood,toil,tearsandsweat”tohiscountrywouldn'thavebeensoexcitingifhehadbeenabletooffertheBritishpeopleonlyblood,work,eyewaterandfacewater,whichIunderstandisthebestthatBasicEnglishcandowithfivefamouswords.__5__Churchilldidn'tuseit,either.Whenseekingtoexpressourselves,wedon'tnecessarilyneedfewerwords;weneedtherightwords.Soit'sourbenefittohavealargesupplyofwordsonhand.A．Dowereallyneedthemall?B．HowmanywordsarethereinEnglish?C．Ogdenhimselfdidn'tactuallyuseBasicEnglish.D．Plentyofseemingbasicwordsdidnotmakethelistatall.E．HealsotriedtopersuadePresidentFranklinRoosevelttopromoteit.F．Hebelieveditwouldmakethelanguagemoreefficientandeasiertolearn.G．Despiteattentionfromworldleaders,BasicEnglishnevergotasfarasexpected.本文介紹了Ogden改變并發(fā)展英語詞匯的過程，比如減少一些不常用的動詞等。1．A解析：前文“TheEnglishvocabularyisnotonlyhuge,butitisalsofullofwordsthatmeanpracticallythesamething.”(英語詞匯不僅多而且許多單詞的意思相同)與A(我們真的都需要它們嗎？)語義銜接，故選A項。2．F解析：前文“...whointhe1930spromotedanewformofEnglishwithavocabularyofjust850words.HecalledtheprojectBasicEnglish.”(20世紀30年代他創(chuàng)建了一種新的英語形式，只有850個單詞，他稱這個項目為“基本英語”)與F(他認為它能使英語語言學習更有效和更容易)語義銜接，故選F項。3．D解析：前文“Thewordshefinallyincludedwerenotnecessarilytheshortestormostconcrete.”(他最終收錄的詞匯不一定是最短的或者最具體的)與D(大部分看起來像是基本詞匯的單詞也沒有列在其中)形成并列關(guān)系，符合語境，故選D項。4．E解析：前文“...heencouragedtheBBCtouseit.”(他鼓勵BBC去使用它)及后文出現(xiàn)的Roosevelt與E(他也嘗試勸說羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)去推動它的發(fā)展)語義銜接，故選E項。5．C解析：后文“Churchilldidn'tuseit,either.”(丘吉爾也不使用它)與C(Ogden本人實際上也不使用“基本英語”)形成并列關(guān)系，符合語境，故選C項。Ⅲ.語法填空(2019·四川成都外國語學校檢測)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop__1__(attract)．Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I__2__(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe__3__(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback__4__mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,__5__IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__6__(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude__7__(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby__8__(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__9__(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,__10__otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.本文是一篇記敘文。成都涌現(xiàn)出很多百萬富翁，有亞洲最大的建筑以及豪華酒店，但對于作者這樣的游客來說，熊貓才是那里的魅力所在。作者與熊貓結(jié)下了不解之緣，被邀請擔任成都熊貓基地在英國宣傳大熊貓的大使，以前做記者時，還拍攝過關(guān)愛熊貓的片子。1．a(chǎn)ttraction解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞top修飾空格處的名詞，故填attract的名詞形式attraction。2．was_allowed解析：考查時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。I與allow是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；又因上一句主句用過去時，可確定此句也用過去時。故填wasallowed。3．officially解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？崭裉幮揎椷^去分詞given，故用副詞修飾。official的副詞形式是officially(官方地)。4．to解析：考查介詞。gobackto“追溯到”，是固定搭配。句意：但是我和熊貓的淵源可以追溯到20世紀80年代中期我做一個電視節(jié)目的……5．when解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處所在的句子是定語從句。定語從句修飾前面的themid-1980s，且從句缺少時間狀語，故用when引導(dǎo)該定語從句。6．permitted解析：考查非謂語動詞。reporter與permit是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表被動。過去分詞短語permittedto...作后置定語，修飾reporter。7．introducing解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處用動詞-ing形式作include的賓語。8．its解析：考查代詞。mother是名詞，故此處填it的形容詞性物主代詞its。9．days解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。“everyfew＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意思是“每隔……”。everyfewdays“每隔幾天”。10．the解析：考查冠詞。one...theother...“一個……另一個……”。Ⅳ.短文改錯(2019·吉林長春十一中檢測)Thepresentvicechairmanofthestudentunionwouldgraduatesoon,soweneedsomeoneelsetakeoverhisjob.Anystudentwho'dliketoservingthestudentscanapplyfortheposition.ThespeechcompetitionistobeheldtoelectthenewvicechairmannextFriday.Youareexpectedtohandinabrieflyself-introductionatleastthreedaysaheadofthecompetition.Itwillbegoodifyouhavesomerelevantexperiences.Wearelookingforwardatyourjoiningus.Ifyouareconfusingaboutanything,contactwithLiuTaowhoisinClass4,Grade2.答案與解析Thepresentvicechairmanofthestudentunioneq\o(would,\s\do15(will))graduatesoon,soweneedsomeoneelseeq\o(∧,\s\do15(to))takeoverhisjob.Anystudentwho'dliketoeq\o(serving,\s\do15(serve))thestudentscanapplyfortheposition.eq\o(The,\s\do15(A))speechcompetitionistobeheldtoelectthenewvicechairmannextFriday.Youareexpectedtohandinaeq\o(briefly,\s\do15(brief))self-introductionatleastthreedaysaheadofthecompetition.Itwillbeeq\o(good,\s\do15(better))ifyouhavesomerelevanteq\o(experiences,\s\do15(experience)).Wearelookingforwardeq\o(at,\s\do15(to))yourjoiningus.Ifyouareeq\o(confusing,\s\do15(confused))aboutanything,contacteq\o(with,＼)LiuTaowhoisinClass4,Grade2.1．would→will考查時態(tài)。這里講述的是從現(xiàn)在看將來要發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般將來時，而不是過去將來時。2．take前加to考查非謂語動詞。need在這里是實義動詞，someoneelse作賓語，后面跟不定式。3．serving→serve考查非謂語動詞。wouldliketo后面跟的是動詞原形。4．The→A考查冠詞。這里表達“一次演講比賽”，而不是特指某次。5．briefly→brief考查形容詞與副詞。這里是形容詞作定語，修飾self-introduction。6．good→better考查形容詞比較級。這里表達“更好”的概念，因此用比較級。7．experiences→experience考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。experience作為“經(jīng)歷”講是可數(shù)名詞，作為“經(jīng)驗”講是不可數(shù)名詞。8．a(chǎn)t→to考查動詞短語。lookforwa