非謂語動詞語法講座

非謂語動詞王海燕實驗中學(xué)中考語法專項突破OnFebruary8th,itwasnamedNCPbyChineseHealthOrganization.OnFebruary11th,itwasformallynamedCOVID-19bythedirectorgeneralofTheWorldHealthOrganization.amancalledZhongNanshangamanwearingglasses

現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞

非謂語動詞王海燕實驗中學(xué)中考語法專項突破試題設(shè)置——聽力20分，基礎(chǔ)知識運用33分，閱讀理解52分書面表達15分兩減兩增——減少知識性、技巧性試題，增加開放性、探究性試題。山西中考命題原則不確定性結(jié)構(gòu)題型，分值，卷面形式(2019山西中考)單選23.Parentsshouldletchildren___homeandfindmoreabouttheworld.Afterall,birdsshouldflyfreelyinthesky.A.leave

B.enter

C.reach

A自我檢測I.用所給詞的適當形式填空：1.Canyoufinish________(read)thebookinthreedays?2.Theyoungpeoplehope______(see)theirfavoritesinger.3.Motheroftentellsme__________(notplay)computergamestoomuch.4.You’retired,soyoushouldstop_________(have)arest5.Listen!Canyouhearsomeone_________(sing)inthenextroom?readingtoseenottoplaytohave

singing6.Hespendshisfreetime(in)__________(collect)stamps.7.Welovetheboy______(call)Jack.8.Couldyouhelpme________(study)math?9.WangwenttoShanghai______(see)herdaughter.10.ThoughAlexhadoftenmadehissister_____(cry),todayhewasmade______(cry)byhissister.collectingcalled(to)studytoseecrytocry語法梳理真題解析習(xí)題檢測考點預(yù)測

識別非謂語動詞1.Hewantedtogowithher.2.Eatingmorevegetablesisgoodforus.3.Wedecidednottogotothezoo.4.Wouldyoumindnotsmokinghere?5.TheboycalledMarkhasbeentoJapan.________________________________todo/nottodo↙↘↓doing/notdoing

done課標要求

非謂語動詞：動詞不定式做

賓語賓語補足語

目的狀語

知識導(dǎo)圖課標要求1.動詞不定式2動名詞＊

3.分詞命題點年份題型選項不定式2019年詞語運用70.achievetoachieve2018年詞語運用77.findtofind2017年詞語運用77influencetoinfluence2016年詞語運用79controltocontrol2015年詞語運用76.showtoshow考情分析1.動詞不定式

肯定：to+V.原或者(to)+V.原否定：not+(to)+V.原Helikestoreadnovels.Isawhimcome.Wedecidednottobuythathouse.4)Itisinterestingtoflyakite.

5)Pleaselethimnotgothere.1.構(gòu)成作主語Tohearyourvoiceissonice.Tostudyhardisveryimportant.Itissonicetohearyourvoice.Itisveryimportanttostudyhard.不定式作主語時，通常用it作形式主語，把真正的主語放在后面。注意:1、Itis+adj.for/ofsb.todosth.2.句法功能It+be+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.

for:adj.多為描述不定式行為的特征（important/necessary/interesting等.）of:adj.多為

描述主語的品質(zhì)特征（kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish等.）

作主語Itiseasy_______hertolearnEnglishwell.Itisclever________youtosolvetheproblem.offor2、Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.

Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthehomeworkeveryday.作主語我每天花去三個小時完成家庭作業(yè)。Ispendthreehoursfinishingthehomeworkeveryday.3、Itis+n.(forsb)todosth.

ItismypleasuretohelpyouwithyourEnglish.

作主語4、用在諺語中

Toseeistobelieve.Tosayiseasy,buttodoishard.作主語1、Itisnecessary______ustolearntowait.(of/for)2、Itwascareless______metobreakthecup.

（of/for)3、Ittookthem1,000yuan_________thistable.(buy)4、Itismypleasure_________theboxforyou.(carry)tobuyforoftocarry即學(xué)即練5、輪到我們打掃教室了。

Itisourturn_________________________6、Towastetimeistoshortenlife.（翻譯成中文）tocleantheclassroom.浪費時間就是縮短生命。即學(xué)即練1、動詞+todosth.常用動詞有：want/wish/like/wouldlike/hope/plan/try/decide/learn/need/agree/begin（setout2019.79）/start/forget/remember/manage/seem/fail/promise等1、Ihopetofinishittomorrow.2、Sheplanstogoandteachinthecountry.作賓語wouldlike/wanttodo想要做……liketodo喜歡做……agreetodo同意做……h(huán)ope/wishtodo希望做……decidetodo決定做……trytodo盡力做……begin/starttodo開始做……expecttodo期望做……refusetodo拒絕做……affordtodo有能力做……learntodo學(xué)習(xí)做……plantodo計劃做……prefertodo更喜歡做……continuetodo繼續(xù)做……promisetodo承諾做……經(jīng)常接不定式作賓語的動詞有：2、動詞＋疑問詞+todoIdon’tknow____________next.

Shecan’tdecide_________________.作賓語2、她不能決定買哪本書。1、我不知道接下來該做什么。whattodowhichbooktobuy=Shecan’tdecidewhichbooksheshouldbuy.1、Don’tforget_________________.(關(guān)燈)2、Ihappened________whenhecalledme.（出去）3、Idon’twant________________.(依賴別人）4、Samislearning________________.(怎樣開車）5、Wepromise__________theenvironment.(保護)即學(xué)即練1、Don’tforget_________________.(關(guān)燈)2、Ihappened________whenhecalledme.（出去）3、Idon’twant________________.(依賴別人）4、Samislearning________________.(怎樣開車）5、Wepromise__________theenvironment.(保護)toturnoffthelighttogoouttodependonothershowtodriveacartoprotect即學(xué)即練1、動詞+賓語（sb./sth.)+todosth.1、Theteacheraskedhertoanswerthequestion.2、Thedoctortoldmetohaveagoodrest.作賓補-對賓語進行補充說明

動詞多為感官動詞、使役動詞。一感：feel二聽：hear,listento三使：make,let,have四看：see,notice,watch,lookatJohn’smothermakeshimplaythepianoeveryday.被動：John_________playthepianoeveryday.ismadeto2、動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式1、Lethim_______theworkatonce.(finish/tofinish)2、Doyoulikelisteningtootherpeople______?(talk/talking/totalk)3、Jimwasseen_________theroom.(enter/toenter)4、Pleasetellher_________hereontime.(come/tocome)finishtalktoentertocome即學(xué)即練5、I’llhelpyou_________thisproblem.(tosolve/solve)6、Iwishyouwillstaywithus.(改成簡單句）7、Herstorymadeuslaugh.(改成被動句）(to)solveIwishyoutostaywithus.Weweremadetolaughbyherstory.1、主語+be+todosth

主語多為

duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job等

名詞

1、Myambitionistobeasinger.2、Hisworkistocleantheclassroomeveryday.作表語我的夢想是成為一名歌手。他的工作是每天清掃教室。2、諺語中1、Toknoweverythingis

toknownothing.2、Toseeis

tobelieve.事事皆知，事事不懂。眼見為實。放在被修飾詞的后面Ihavealotofworktodo.Iwanttofindsomethingtodrink.作定語不定式為不及物動詞時后面應(yīng)有必要的介詞。I’mlookingforahotel_________.A.stayB.stayatC.tostayD.tostayatD位置：Hehasn’tgotahousetolive_____.Ihavenopenstowrite_______.in

with1、原因狀語:

主語+be+

adj.(表情感)+todosth.

(happy/gladangry/sorry/sad/afraid等)I’msorrytohearthat.作狀語I’mgladtoseeyou.2、目的狀語

Thesoldierranintotheroomtosavethegirl._________thesoldierrunintotheroom?WhydidManyparentssendtheirchildrenabroad___________________.(深造學(xué)習(xí))tofurthertheirstudies3、結(jié)果狀語

too+adj./adv.+todosth.adj./adv.enoughtodosth.Youaretooyoungtodothisjob.Heranfastenoughtocatchthebus.AllIdidwastogivehimsomeadvice.Hisdreamistotravelallovertheworld.

Lucyneedsafriendtoplaywith.Hewasthelastguesttoarrive.It’sinterestingtoreadasciencefiction.下列不定式作何種成分？（表語）（表語）（定語）（定語）（主語）Hewasgladtoseeyou.

Myfatherofferedtobuyacomputerforme.

HeintervieweddetectiveKentogetsomeinformation.

Thedoctoraskedhimtohavemorefruitandvegetables.（狀語）（賓語）（狀語）（賓語補足語）下列不定式作何種成分？★動詞不定式的句法功能1.作主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，常用it作形式主語2.作表語表示主語的具體內(nèi)容，如愿望、責(zé)任、義務(wù)等3.作賓語表示命令、打算或愿望等4.作賓補十大動詞之后記得省略to5.作定語位于被修飾在詞之后，如果是不及物動詞，需加介詞。6.作狀語表目的、原因、結(jié)果等

1、習(xí)慣于beusedto_______

被用于beusedto_______Waterisusedto_____(put)outfire.Iamusedto_______(take)awalkaftersupper.2、prefer…to…比起……來更喜歡

比起游泳來，我更喜歡跑步。Iprefer________to___________.3、lookforwardto期待，盼望I’mlookingforwardto______(visit)Beijingagain.★介詞to&不定式to

doingdoputtakingrunningswimmingvisiting4.stickto5.holdonto6.payattentionto7.besimilarto8.devoteoneselfto9.lookupto10.leadto★不帶to的常用句型：1.(2014詞語運用)IthadbeenwithmeasIworkedhard________(support)myfamily,asIplayedwithmychildrenandIheardtheirlaughterevenwhenIwasseriouslyillwithmywifeatmysidelookingafterme.中考真題tosupport3.(2015)詞語運用56.Mostpeoplefeelitsohard________(show)theirloveandcaretowardsothersandtoactuallyunderstandwhattheyaregoingthrough.

2.(2013)詞語運用

Oncetheteacheraskedtheclass_______（write）acompositioncalled”ifIwere…”.towritetoshowtandembicycle

完形填空(2017)40.”…wechooseatandembicyclebecauseitmakesiteasiertocommunicatewitheachotheraboutinterestingpeopleandthingswecomeacrossduringthejourney.Besides,bicyclingishealthier.Andit’sacheaperandmoreenvironment-friendlywayoftravelingthan___cars,motorsandsoon.”AbuyingB.usingC.making

B

完形填空(2017)45.”ThecouplewillbeontheirjourneytoChinasoon.Wehopetheycanmakemorepeoplefurther____Chinabysharingwhattheyseeandhearontheway.Meanwhile,wehopetheyenjoytheirtravelinChina.”A.dreamabout

B.hearaboutC.knowaboutC

（2017詞語運用）77.Atthesametime,theangerorjealousy(嫉妒)comingfromyourcirclewillalsospreadtoothercircles.Youshouldallowthegoodfeelings___________(influence)others,notthebadones,becauseyouareresponsibleforboth.（2018詞語運用）77.Sincewewereyoungchildren,toomanysuccessstorieshavebeentellingusaboutcourageandpersistence(堅持).buttheynevertolduswhere________(find)courageandpersistence.toinfluencetofind（2019詞語運用）Nexttimeyousetout_____(achieve)greatworks.Listencarefully.Youcanhearthevoiceofthemaster,whisperinginyourears.Don’tstop.Keepplaying.”toachieve2.動名詞

分析近5年山西中考真題可以看出，山西中考對動名詞未考查。且《課標》對動名詞并未作考查要求，因此考生只需了解即可。

動名詞

動名詞由“動詞原形＋-ing”構(gòu)成，它與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)。1.作主語

Playingcomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.過度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻Α?/p>

動名詞作主語和動詞不定式作主語，在很多情況下可以通用。2.作賓語

通常在介詞和某些指定的動詞后要用動名詞。常見接動名詞作賓語的詞和詞組有(v.＋doingsth.)：avoid避免consider考慮

enjoy喜愛finish完成imagine想象keep繼續(xù)mind

介意miss錯過risk冒險practise練習(xí)suggest建議succeed成功giveup放棄keepon繼續(xù)holdto堅持；抓住leadto導(dǎo)致(引起，通向)stickto堅持 taketo開始從事turnto求助于(依靠，轉(zhuǎn)而從事于)compare...to...把……比作……prefer...to...更喜歡

) begoodat擅長……

be/getusedto習(xí)慣lookforwardto期待 lookupto敬仰；尊敬feellike想要payattentionto注意；認真聽講havefundoingsth.做某事很開心bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事couldn’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事thankyoufordoingsth.

感謝做某事

3.作表語Thenurse’sjobislookingafterthepatients.護士的工作是照顧病人。4.作定語Ioftengotothereadingroom.我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。拓展stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下來去做另一件事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事trytodosth.設(shè)法或努力去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事（已做）forgettodosth.忘記要做某事（未做）既可接動詞不定式又可接動名詞的動詞rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事（已做）remembertodosth.記得要做某事（未做）regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事（已做）regrettodosth.對要做的事感到遺憾（未做）meandoingsth.意味著做某事meantodosth.打算或想要做某事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事goontodosth.接著做另一件事反饋訓(xùn)練I.用所給詞的適當形式填空(15分)1.Whatabout_________(go)outforawalk?2.It’sourduty_________(save)theenvironment.3.Ineed_______(buy)somefood.4.Theteacheraskedthestudents_________(clean)theclassroom.5.Letme________(carry)theheavybag.6.Thegirlwassurprised______(hear)thenews.7.Mr.Brownenjoys__________(live)inChina.8.Hewastooangry_________(say)aword.9.Isitpolitetomakenoisewhile______(eat)noodlesinJapan?10.Thelittleboytried_________(notarrive)lateforclass.11.Ihavegood_________(eat)habits.12.Mybrotherstarted________(learn)Englishwhenwasfive.13.Don’tputoff_______(make)aplan.14.Myjobis_________(excit).15.Ifoundalittlegirl________(cry)onthestreet,andItookherhome.答案I.填空：1.going6.tohear11.eating2.tosave7.living12.learning/tolearn3.tobuy8.tosay13.making4.toclean9.eating14.exciting5.carry10.nottoarrive15.cryingII.單選：1.B2.B3.C4.A5.B（）1.—Doyoualwaysgetupsoearly?—Yes,

thefirstbus.Myhomeisfarawayfromschool.A.catch B.tocatch C.catching

（）2.Tolivealow-carbonlife,wemustremember

_thelightswhenweleavetheroom.A.toturnoff B.turningoffC.nottoturnoff

B

A

3分詞★分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?！铿F(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)有主動、進行之意;

過去分詞(v.-ed)有被動、完成之意。句法功能

1.作定語Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Americaisadevelopedcountry.中國是一個發(fā)展中國家,美國是一個發(fā)達國家。IknowtheboycalledLiMing.我認識那個叫李明的男孩。

2.作表語Thebookisinteresting.I’minterestedinit.這本書很有趣,我對它感興趣。—Doyouknowtheman______toyourparents?—Yeah,heisBob’sfather.talkingB.talkedC.totalkA

（2014山西完形填空）39.Fromthedeskshegotabox____pencils.A.madeofB.coveredbyC.filledwithC

3.作賓語補足語Isawhergoingupstairs.我看見她正在上樓。Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.我想拍一些照片。4.作狀語Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他們有說有笑地走進了房間。

5.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別(1)在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動,過去分詞表示被動。therulingclass統(tǒng)治階級theruledclass被統(tǒng)治階級(2)在時間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作,過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。thedevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國家thedevelopedcountry發(fā)達國家6.易混結(jié)構(gòu)[注意](1)在“make+賓語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。ItriedtospeakmoreclearlysothatIcouldmakemyselfunderstood.我盡量說清楚些,以便讓別人明白我。

(2)havesth.done意為“讓某人做某事”,相當于asksb.todosth.,done表示讓他人完成,有被動之意。Ihadmycomputerrepairedyesterday.昨天我讓人修理了我的電腦。對接中考專練1.—I’msorry,MissGreen.Ileftmymathbookathome.—Itdoesn’tmatter.Pleaseremember

(bring)itheretomorrow.

2.—Bob,I’mnotgoodatEnglish.WhatshouldIdo?—Whynot

(join)anEnglishclubtopractice

(speak)English?

3.Ourteacheroftentellsus

(notwaste)time.

4.Janeismynewpenpal.Ioftenlookforwardto

(receive)here-mail.

5.MyfavoriteTVprogramisReaders.Ithinkweshouldspendasmuchtimeaswecan

(read)inoursparetime.

tobringjoinspeaking

nottowastereceiving

reading

對接中考專練6.Tokeepchildrenawayfromdanger,wewarnparents

(notleave)childrenathomealone.

7.InsomeAfricancountries,childrenaremade

(do)heavyworkbecausetheirparentshavedied.

8.Dickusedto

(live)inAmerica,buthehasbeenusedto

(eat)ChinesefoodsincehemovedtoChina.

9.Theworkersarebusy

(fix)windowstothenewbuildingthesedays.

10.Tomisunhappytoday.Let’s

(cheer)himup.nottoleavetodoeating

livefixing

cheer

形式動詞不定式

動名詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

過去分詞

意義1.相當于名詞、形容詞、副詞2.含有將來的意思1.相當于名詞2.含有經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的意思1.相當于形容詞、副詞2.含有主動、現(xiàn)在、進行的意思1.相當于形容詞、副詞2.含有被動、完成的意思句子成分主語賓語表語定語狀語賓語補足語主語賓語表語定語表語定語狀語賓語補足語表語定語狀語賓語補足語1.首先，判定本題該使用謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞：判斷句子是否缺少謂語。

(1)當句子缺少謂語時，該動詞就用謂語動詞形式。一般情況下，動詞作謂語放在主語之后，比如“Mom,Iloveyou.”中的love就是謂語動詞。應(yīng)試方法

(2)當句中已有謂語動詞又沒有并列連詞使其與所填動詞并列時，就要用非謂語動詞形式。比如“Idecide________(clean)mybedroom.”，該句中已有謂語動詞decide，且沒有連詞，因此應(yīng)填非謂語動詞。2.其次，記住常跟動詞不定式或動名詞的詞或詞組可以幫助考生快速答題。

ASpecialSpringFestivalWhen_______(speak)oftheSpringFestival,wemustthinkofthedaysfullofhappinessandjoy,______(visit)friendsandrelatives,gatheringtogetherand______(have)parties.ButtheSpringFestivalof2020mustbethemostspecialanduncommonone.Becauseofthedeadly(致命的)diseasebrokeoutinWuhan,weChinesepeopletryourbest_______(stay)athome,avoidunnecessarymeetingandrefuse_______(go)topublicplaces.考點預(yù)測speakingvisitinghavingtostaytogo

Wetakeallkindsofmeasures________(protect)othersandourselvesaswell.Wedoexercise.Wewearmaskswhenwehavetogotopublicplaces.Wedon’tspiteverywhereanymore.Wewashourhandsmoreoften.Andwetaketemperatures

regularly_______(check)ifwehaveafever.Thosewhohaveafeverorhavedifficulty_________(breathe)gotodoctorswillinglyandreadily.toprotecttocheckbreathingSchoolshaveputoff_______(start)class.Yet,wearestilllearning.Asathird-yearstudentofjuniormiddleschoolwhowilltakepartinthehighschoolentranceexam,Ichoose_______(study)bymyselfandlearnfromtheInternet.

GodblessChina.HopeweChinesecanbeatthediseasedevil(魔鬼)soon.startingtostudy★完成《山西省英語中考指導(dǎo)》

習(xí)題P120---121Thanksforlistening!備考精練非謂語動詞自測題一1.(2019重慶B卷改編)MissChen,mydearEnglishteacher,oftenencouragesme________thechallengesinmystudy.A.face B.facing C.toface2.(2019鹽城改編)Mr.Wukeeps________hisstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewell-educated.A.telling B.totell C.tell3.(2019天津改編)Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparks________protectpandas.A.tohelp B.help C.helped4.(2019蘭州改編)Wearesupposed________somehouseworkwithourparentswhenwehavefreetime.A.toshare B.sharing C.share5.(2019貴港改編)—Ihavetrouble________thenewword.Canyouhelpme?—Sure.Youcanlookitupinthedictionary.A.understanding B.tounderstand C.understand備考精練非謂語動詞自測題一1.(2019重慶B卷改編)MissChen,mydearEnglishteacher,oftenencouragesme________thechallengesinmystudy.A.face B.facing C.toface2.(2019鹽城改編)Mr.Wukeeps________hisstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewell-educated.A.telling B.totell C.tell3.(2019天津改編)Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparks________protectpandas.A.tohelp B.help C.helped4.(2019蘭州改編)Wearesupposed________somehouseworkwithourparentswhenwehavefreetime.A.toshare B.sharing C.share5.(2019貴港改編)—Ihavetrouble________thenewword.Canyouhelpme?—Sure.Youcanlookitupinthedictionary.A.understanding B.tounderstand C.understand非謂語動詞自測題一備考精練1.(2019重慶B卷改編)MissChen,mydearEnglishteacher,oftenencouragesme________thechallengesinmystudy.A.face B.facing C.toface2.(2019鹽城改編)Mr.Wukeeps________hisstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewell-educated.A.telling B.totell C.tell3.(2019天津改編)Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparks________protectpandas.A.tohelp B.help C.helped4.(2019蘭州改編)Wearesupposed________somehouseworkwithourparentswhenwehavefreetime.A.toshare B.sharing C.share5.(2019貴港改編)—Ihavetrouble________thenewword.Canyouhelpme?—Sure.Youcanlookitupinthedictionary.A.understanding B.tounderstand C.understand6.(2019南京改編)—Doyouhaveanyplansfortheholiday?—Yes.I’mplanningtotraveltoJiuzhaigou.I’mlookingforwardto________thecolourfullakesandamazingwaterfalls.A.see B.seeing C.seen7.(2019鄂州改編)—Jimmy,Idon’tlikemyclassmateB