2018高考英語 完形填空講解

Howtodoclozetests?2021/5/91做完形的時候你有以下問題嗎？煩慢錯不得不做，硬著頭皮做，還是錯2021/5/92

完形填空考查的是對學生的綜合語言運用能力，但是每一個空格的設置并不是隨心所欲的，命題人主要通過上下文暗示出的某種信息來保證答案的正確性和唯一性?？忌鷳撏ㄟ^上下文的暗示獲取解題信息，留意暗送的“秋波”，也就是：關鍵詞出題者的初衷2021/5/93命題特點：1.短文長度300詞左右，記敘文、說明文和議論文（主要是夾敘夾議類）為主。記敘文故事情節(jié)多有曲折；議論文結構嚴謹層次分明，有很多對仗現(xiàn)象。2.首句無空格，提供語境。5-10詞設一空，人名、地名、日期、數(shù)字不在之列。3.選項多為一詞，偶爾會為詞組。四選項為同一類詞或屬同一范疇，或近義或形異義，或與前后配成詞組。故干擾性、迷性大。有時單獨看一句話語法都是正確的，但根據(jù)上下文只有一個正確答案。2021/5/944.考查單詞以實詞(v,n,adj,adv,pron.)為主，虛詞(conj.,prep.)為輔。實詞一般占80%-90%。5.以考查學生對文章的整體理解（篇章邏輯題）和詞匯的意義（詞匯題）把握為主。有些要結合常識才能正確選項；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基礎上，正確把握上下文的邏輯關系，才能正確判斷和選擇。6.有些空格答案由上文決定（前置性設空），有些由后文決定（后置性設空），有些要綜合上下文才能得到答案（語篇性設空），以后置性設空為主。2021/5/95英語完形填空解題步驟速覽全文，把握大意。細讀首句，摸清文路。瞻前顧后，準確選擇。復核全文，調整答案?！?mins≈10mins≈2mins≈1mins2021/5/96Herearesome

Basicskillsof

cloze2021/5/97eg1.Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood_____.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesight1)Theycan’twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.C2)Theycan’tlistentomusicornewsovertheradio,buttheycanreadwithglasses.3)Theycan’twalkoutside,buttheycanwatchTVorlistentomusicornewsovertheradioathome.AB2021/5/98eg2.Waittillyouaremore_____.

A.relaxedB.satisfied

C.certainC2)I’llimproveitoncemore.B3)Orelseyou’llbemorenervousonthestage.Aeg3.Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery,very____.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous1)It’sbettertobesure.Skill1:Choosingbycontext(上下文、語境)2021/5/99eg1.Whenwetalked,Idiscovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）somedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexample,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle____thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhaveforty-fiveminutesineachclass.

A.shorterB.longerC.earlierD.later√Skill2：logic（邏輯推理）eg2.Mymotheroftenaskedme，“Whatisthemostimportantpartofthebody?”

Ithoughtsoundwasveryimportanttousashumans，soIsaid．“My________，Mommy．”

Shesaid，“No．Manypeoplearedeaf（聾的）…A.earsB.eyesC.bodyD.head√2021/5/910eg1.Atthismoment,theairhostess

1.Shelookedpale,butwasquite2.

1.A.showedB.presentedC.exposedD.appeared

2.A.well

B.stillC.calmD.quietVt.Vt.Vt.ViSkill3:Choosingby

meaningsofwordsandexpressions(詞匯和短語用法)eg2.Inthemorning,thekingwenttovisitthepond.Tohissurprise,thepondwasonlyfilledwithwater!Whathappened?Yes!Everyonehadthesameidea__thatman.A.withB.toC.asD.ofthesame2021/5/911例Wedon’thavetotellchildren55theyshouldlearnfromthestoryandwhatthemoralis.55.A.that B.what C.which D.whomtellsb.sth.learnsth.from..2021/5/912。Skill4:Choosingbygrammar(語法分析)eg1.…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange____quitepleasanttaste.A.besideB.butC.andD.or2021/5/913

。

eg1.Iturnedthekeyinthelockand_____thedooropen.knockedB.forcedC.pushedD.triedeg2.Allovertheworldpeopleswimforfun.Swimmingisenjoyedbypeopleof______ages,fromtheveryyoungtotheveryold.Therearemanyplacesforpeopletoswiminswimmingpools.A.allB.noneC.someD.bothSkill5:Choosingbycommonsense(常識)eg3.(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe＿＿＿＿＿hospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest2021/5/914Skill6choosingbytherepetitionofthesameword完形填空試題中，有些詞語常常重復出現(xiàn)在語篇中。要學會運用與選項意義緊密相連的同義詞或近義詞。2021/5/915例

IfellinlovewithYosemiteNationalParkthefirsttimeIsawit,whenIwas13.Myparentstookusthereforcamping.Onthewayout,IaskedthemtowaitwhileIranuptoELCapitan,a16rockof3,300feetstraightup.Itouchedthatgiantrockandknew17(immediately)Iwantedtoclimbit.Thathasbeenmylife’spassion(鐘愛)eversince---18therocksandmountainsofYosemite.16.A.distantB.hugeC.narrowD.loose18.A.imaginingB.paintingC.describingD.climbing2021/5/916

1.Choosingbycontext

上下文語境2.Choosingbylogic

邏輯3.Choosingbythemeaningsofthewordsandexpressions

單詞和短語的用法4.Choosingbygrammar語法結構分析5.Choosingbyculturalbackgroundandcommonsense

文化背景和常識6.Therepetitionoftheword.同義復現(xiàn)7.排除法、語感等其他方法methods2021/5/917

WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam.（首句點明文章體裁，人物，時間及關鍵詞）Thatmeant21

MillerKing,whowasthebest22atourschool.

(唯一的目的就是成為球星，肯定就是打敗最好運動員Miller)21.A.cheeringfor（為…喝彩叫好）

B.beatingout

C.relyingonD.stayingwith22.A.coach(教練）B.studentC.teacherD.playerbeatsb.out:todefeatsomeoneordobetterthanthem

打敗某人2021/5/918Thatseason,I26allofMiller’srecordswhilehe27thehomegamesfromthebench.Wewent10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,28IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMiller’s29.26.A.heldB.brokeC.setD.tried27.A.reportedB.judgedC.organizedD.watched28.A.andB.thenC.butD.thus29.A.decisionB.mistakeC.accidentD.sacrifice（犧牲）26.break/settherecord打破/創(chuàng)記錄

betoblamefor…因…受到責備29.WhathappenedtoMiller?bestruckbyacarandlosthisrightarm2021/5/919

Oneafternoon,IwascrossingthefieldtogohomeandsawMiller30goingoverafence—whichwasn’t31toclimbifyouhadbotharms.I’msureIwasthelastpersonintheworldhewantedtoaccept32from.Buteventhatchallengeheaccepted.I33himmoveslowlyoverthefence.Whenwewerefinally34ontheotherside,hesaidtome,“Youknow,Ididn’ttellyouthisduringtheseason,butyoudid35.Thankyouforfillinginfor36.”30.A.stuck

(動不了的，被卡住的）B.hurtC.tiredD.lost31.A.steadyB.hardC.funD.fit32.A.praiseB.adviceC.assistanceD.apology33.A.letB.helpedC.hadD.noticed34.A.droppedB.readyC.trappedD.safe35.A.fineB.wrongC.quicklyD.normally36.A.usB.yourselfC.meD.them36.fillinforsb.“代替”:taketheplaceofsb.2021/5/920Hiswordsfreedmefrommybad37.Ithoughttomy