溫州肯恩管光海

GUANGUANGHAI,TEACHINGANDRESEARCHOFFICE,DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATIONOFZHEJANGPROVINCE浙江省教育廳教研室管光海社會的發(fā)展離不開技術(shù)與工程，技術(shù)與工程是人類文明的重要組成部分。Thedevelopmentofsocietyisinseparablefromtechnologyandengineering,whichareplayingsignificantrolesinhumancivilization.

與技術(shù)和工程的重要性相比，盡管技術(shù)與工程教育進(jìn)入中小學(xué)學(xué)校已有一定的歷史，但其地位與受重視程度還有待加強(qiáng)。AlthoughSTEMeducationhasalonghistoryinelementaryandsecondaryschools,itsvalueandimportanceneedtobefurtherstrengthenedSteamEngineExtensiveuseofelectricityLate1700sEarly1900sCyber-Physical-SystemIndustrialRevolution4.0complexityIndustrialRevolution3.0IndustrialRevolution2.0IndustrialRevolution1.0timeElectron,IT,IndustrialAITHEHIGHLIGHTOFTECHNOLOGYANDENGINEERINGEDUCATIONHISTORY

技術(shù)與工程教育的歷史回顧中小學(xué)技術(shù)教育的歷史回顧技術(shù)教育的發(fā)展THEDEVELOPMENTOFTECHONOLOGYEDUCATION中國CHINA手工技術(shù)教育

ManualTechnologyEducation綜合技術(shù)教育

ComprehensiveTechnologyEducation基本生產(chǎn)技術(shù)教育

BasicProductionTechnologyEducation勞動技術(shù)教育

LaborTechnologyEducation勞動與技術(shù)教育

LaborandTechnologyEducation美國USA手把手的培訓(xùn)

Hands-onTraining工業(yè)藝術(shù)

IndustrialArts技術(shù)教育

TechnologyEducationSTEM工程教育

EngineeringEducation--DrSteveMacho,BuffaloStateUniversityofNewYork,2011,Nanjing,ChinaAlisterJones,CathyBuntting,MarcJ.deVries.Thedevelopingfieldoftechnologyeducation:areviewtolookforward.InternationalJournalofTechnologyDesignEducation(2013)23:191-212.

FinlandUKAustraliaIndiaSouthAfricaCanadaFranceChinaMainlandUSANewZealand

Skillsandcrafts說明：E代表小學(xué)（1-8年級）S代表中學(xué)（9-12年級）Information:ErepresentsElementarySchool(1stto8thgrade)SrepresentsSecondarySchool(9thto12thgrade)IndustryandoccupationDesignAppliedScienceMultipleTechnologiesTechnicalLiteracy浙江省中小學(xué)技術(shù)教育的發(fā)展TheDevelopmentof

TechnologyEducationoftheElementaryandSecondarySchoolsofZhejiang20世紀(jì)90年代側(cè)重于勞動教育20世紀(jì)90年代末開始出現(xiàn)技術(shù)教育21世紀(jì)初技術(shù)教育得到加強(qiáng)LABORLOVINGLABORLIFEANDLABORFocusingonLaborEducationinthe1990sLaborTechnologyHandmadecraftsLaborandTechnologyLaborandTechnologyEducationinLate1990sTheImprovementofTechnologyEducationintheEarly2000s浙江省教育廳教研室勞動取向技能取向職業(yè)取向思想教育為主技能訓(xùn)練為主職業(yè)預(yù)備教育素質(zhì)取向提高學(xué)生技術(shù)素養(yǎng)，促進(jìn)學(xué)生全面而富有個性發(fā)展技術(shù)教育目標(biāo)發(fā)展TheGoalforTechnologyEducationLabor-orientedSkills-orientedCareer-orientedIdeologicalEducationasPrincipleSkillTrainingasPrincipleCareerPreparationEducationQuality-Orientation

Improvestudents'technologyliteracyandpromotestudents'comprehensiveandpersonalizeddevelopment過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)工具的使用、制作的步驟

Theuseoftoolsandthestepsofproductionwereemphasizedinthepast.現(xiàn)在，倡導(dǎo)先設(shè)計(jì)再制作Now“designfirstandproductionsecond”isadvocated.2000年以后1991-1999年1986-1991年1981-1986年信息技術(shù)教育向信息技術(shù)教育轉(zhuǎn)折發(fā)展階段計(jì)算機(jī)工具論啟蒙階段計(jì)算機(jī)文化論中國信息技術(shù)教育的發(fā)展ThedevelopmentofChineseITeducationITEducationTheTransitiontoITEducationDevelopingInstrumentalTheoryofComputerScienceEnlightenmentofComputerCulture

TheThirdWorldConferenceonComputerEducationApplicationswasheldin1981In1984,thesyllabusforhighschoolcomputerelectivecourseswaspromulgated.DengXiaoping'sspeech:"Computerpopularizationmuststartfromkids”(1981–1986)

TheThirdNationalConferenceonComputerEducationinPrimaryandSecondarySchoolswasheldin1986.Thesyllabuswasrevisedandaddedwithapplicationcontent.(1986–1991) TheFourthNationalConference onComputerEducationinPrimary andSecondarySchoolswasheldin 1991. EstablishedNationalPrimaryand SecondarySchoolComputer EducationResearchCenter(two departments) In1994,the"OutlineofComputer CurriculumforPrimaryandSecondarySchools"waspromulgated.In1997,the"Outline"wasrevisedtoincreasenetworkcommunication,etc.(1991-1999)

2000NationalConferenceonInformationTechnologyEducationinPrimaryandSecondarySchoolsPromulgatingthe"GuidelinesfortheInformationTechnologyCurriculumforPrimaryandSecondarySchools"InFebruary2003,the"GeneralSeniorHighSchoolTechnicalCurriculumStandard(Experiment)waspromulgated.(After2000)11背景二：浙江省信息技術(shù)教材發(fā)展浙江省信息技術(shù)課程的發(fā)展TheDevelopmentofZhejiang

ITCourse1996年以前，中小學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)教學(xué)所用教材沒有統(tǒng)一版本，由教師自由選擇。Before1996,thereisnouniformversionoftextbookofelementaryandsecondaryschool’scomputercourses.Theteachershadtoselectthem.1994年：浙江省開始研究依據(jù)國家教學(xué)大綱編寫中學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)教材，1996年出版第一套中學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)教材。1994:ZhejiangprovincestartedtocompliecomputercoursetextbooksaccordingtoChineseeducationalinstructions.Thefirsttextbookofcomputercourseforsecondaryschoolisofficiallypublished.1998：開始編寫小學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)教材，1999年正式出版。Computercoursetextbookplanningforelementaryschoolsbeganin1998.Thetextbookwasofficiallypublishedon1999.

THECURRENTSTATUSOFTHETECHNOLOGY

AND

ENGINEERINGEDUCATIONOFTHEELEMENTARYANDSECONDARYSCHOOLS

浙江省中小學(xué)技術(shù)與工程教育的現(xiàn)狀小學(xué)ElementarySchool初中SecondarySchool高中HighSchool基礎(chǔ)性fundamentality勞動與技術(shù)LaborandTechnology小學(xué)科學(xué)

ElementaryScience（技術(shù)與工程領(lǐng)域STEMArea）信息技術(shù)IT勞動與技術(shù)LaborandTechnology初中科學(xué)滲透PermeationofSecondaryScience信息技術(shù)IT通用技術(shù)GeneralTechnology物理、化學(xué)、生物滲透PermeationofPhysics,ChemistryandBiology信息技術(shù)IT拓展性ExtensibilitySTEAM教育STEAMEducation科技實(shí)踐活動ScientificActivities浙江省中小學(xué)技術(shù)與工程教育涉及到的課程或活動STEMinvolvedactivitiesandcoursesofelementaryandsecondaryschoolsofZhejiang浙江省中小學(xué)科技教育現(xiàn)狀調(diào)研

2017年10月-2018年3月544所中小學(xué)116315名師生參加了線上調(diào)研116,315teacherandstudentsfrom544schoolsparticipatedinonlinesurvey.44所中小學(xué)239名教師和管理者參加了線下訪談239teachersandadministratorsfrom44schoolsacceptedofflineinterview.2017年10-11月Oct.-Nov.2017啟動項(xiàng)目問卷與訪談設(shè)計(jì)ProjectwasinitiatedSurveyandinterviewdesigned2017年12月8日Dec.8,2017調(diào)研問卷試測Surveyconducted2017年12月-2018年3月Dec.2017–Mar.2018撰寫調(diào)研報(bào)告委托專家審核接受專家論證WroteresearchreportExpertreviewExpertrecommendation2017年12月18-22日Dec.18-22,2017線下訪談Offlineinterviews2017年12月18-26日Dec.18-26,2017線上問卷調(diào)研OnlineSurvey2018年3月31日Mar.31,2018最終提交報(bào)告Finalreportsubmitted小學(xué)開設(shè)的與科技教育相關(guān)的課程初中開設(shè)的與科技教育相關(guān)的課程浙江省科技教育課程開設(shè)基本情況TheStatusofSTEMCoursesofZhejiangProvinceA:ScienceB:ITC:LaborandTechnologyD:Comprehensiveactivities

E:Extendedsciencecourse

F:Extendedtechnologycourse

G:STEM(orSTEAM)

H:MakerSpace

I:Robotics

J:Computerprogramming

K:OthersElementarySchoolSTEMRelatedCoursesSecondarySchoolSTEMRelatedCourses科技教育活動與拓展性課程豐富多樣DiversityofSTEMEducationActivitiesandExploratoryCourses大多數(shù)中小學(xué)都在開展有特色的科技實(shí)踐活動，活動內(nèi)容豐富，活動類型多樣。主要涉及3D打印、機(jī)器人、創(chuàng)客、各類模型（航模、車模等）、機(jī)器改裝和種植養(yǎng)殖等。MostelementaryandsecondaryschoolsaredevelopinguniqueSTEMactivitieswithsufficiencyanddiversity.

Theseactivitiesinvolve

areasof3Dprinting,robotics,makerspace,aeromodelling(otherkindsofmodelling),mechanicalmodification,plantationandcultivation,etc.THEFUTUREOFTECHNOLOGY

AND

ENGINEERINGEDUCATIONOFELEMENTARYANDSECONDARYSCHOOLOFZHEJIANG

浙江省中小學(xué)技術(shù)與工程教育的未來技術(shù)與工程教育啟蒙TheEnlightenmentofTechnology

and

EngineeringEducation涉及技術(shù)、工程、設(shè)計(jì)三大領(lǐng)域

Coversareasoftechnology,engineeringanddesign.追求素養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)

Pursuittechnology

and

engineering

competence技術(shù)意識、工程思維、設(shè)計(jì)思維Technicalawareness,Engineeringthinkinganddesignthinking創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)能力、物化能力

Creativityindesign,materializationabiliy團(tuán)隊(duì)合作Collaborationandteamwork以設(shè)計(jì)過程為主線Designprogress發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、明確問題、信息收集、方案構(gòu)思、模型制作、技術(shù)試驗(yàn)Findproblems,identifyproblems,collectinformation,plantheproject,modelproductionandtechnicaltrials關(guān)注大概念工具、材料、工藝、技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)Thedesignoftools,materials,craftsandtechnologies.結(jié)構(gòu)、流程、系統(tǒng)、控制Structure,process,systemandcontrol同理心、多方案、迭代Empathy,multi-solutionanditeration高中通用技術(shù)GeneralTechnology

in

HighSchoolTechnicalAwarenessMaterializationEngineeringThinkingDesignCreativityGraphicExpressionKey

CompetenceBasicroboticsFundamentalofvocationaltechnologiesExplorationofcareerandtechnologyFundamentalofindustrialdesignElectroniccontroltechnologyPracticalAIfurnituredesignAppareldesignModerndomestictechnologyCreativitydevelopmentandtechnologicalinventionsDesignandinventionof3DproductsResearchofSTEAMStopicsVocationalTechnologyEngineeringTechnologyLife-enhancingTechnologyCreativeTechnologyTechnologyandDesign2TechnologyandDesign1ApersonwithInformationcompetenceCorporateSocialResponsibilityMathematicalLearningandInnovationInformationAwarenessComputingThinkingModule2:FundamentalofInternetModule5:3DdesignandcreativityModule4:FundamentalofAI.Module3:Datamanagement&analysisModule6:OpensourcehardwareprojectdesignModule2:IT.&InformationSystemandSocietyModule1:IT.&DataandCalculationsModule1:Dataand

Data

StructureBeginning

of

AlgorithmDesign

of

Mobile

application技術(shù)與工程教育的學(xué)習(xí)TheStudyofSTEMEducation案例：“老人起的高”拐杖研究Example:“TheEldersHoldItHigher”CrutchResearch杭州外國語學(xué)校郎天玥王濤俞哲浩吳祚軒付意嘉葛瀟儀，指導(dǎo)老師張鵬峰HangzhouForeignLanguageSchool,LangTianyue,WangTao,WuZuoxuan,FuYijia,GeXiaoyi.Instructor:ZhangPengfeng

我們組的同學(xué)們走訪了敬老院，發(fā)現(xiàn)老年人使用拐杖的頻率非常之高，但很多敬老院里的老年人在行走時都會顫顫巍巍，如何能保障老年人出行的安全。ThestudentsvisitedtheElderNursingHomeandfoundo