天津大學(xué)2019年博士入學(xué)英語考試真題

PAGE天津大學(xué)·2019年·博士入學(xué)英語考試真題————————————————————————————————————————PartI.ListeningComprehension(10%)Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A)Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.

B)Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.

C)Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.

D)Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.

2.A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.

B)Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.

C)Themanneedn'tgoshoppingeveryweek.

D)Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.

PartIVBankedCloze(10%)Directions:FillintheblanksinthefollowingpassagebyselectingsuitablewordsfromtheWordBank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsmorethanonce.Youhaveseenafriendsucceed.Nodoubtyoufeeljoyatthis.Youloveyourfriend,andmaybeyouevenhelpedhimaccomplishhisgoal.____1____,thereisanotherfeeling,adarkfeeling,withinyou.Youbegintowishthatitwasyouwhowasenjoyingsuccess,andyoubegintoevendislikeyourfriend.Atfirstthisenviousfeelingstartsofflikeatinyseed.Butthen,likeaseed,itgrows.Itthreatensto____2____you.Ofcourseyoufeelbadaboutyourfeelings,astheyhavebecomea(n)____3____toyourfriendship.Still,theredoesn'tseemtobeanythingthatyoucando.Facingyourfriendinvariablyleadstomore____4____betweenyou.Avoidinghimjustseemsto____5____thegulfbetweenyou.Insteadoffeeling____6____aboutyourenvyorhatingyourfriend,youshouldtakeadifferent____7___.Useyourfriend'ssuccessasachallenge.Hehassucceeded.Thismeansthatyoucansucceedaswell.Bythingkingthisway,youare____8____yourfeelingsandredirectingthemintoacourseofactionthatwon'truinyourfriendship.Rememberthatfriendshipscan____9_____friendlycompetitiion.Youcannot,however,maintainyourfriendshipifyou____10____envy.A)approachB)goalC)tensionD)harborE)remainF)surviveG)harnessingH)widenI)overwhelmJ)overtakeK)establishL)stillM)guiltyN)responsibleO)handicapPartIII.ReadingComprehension(40%)PartA.Directions:Inthisparttherearethreepassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswer.（1）Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteousandhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails."Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner—amazing."SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignals,assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto"translate"culturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusestheword"friend",theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.1、Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld,___________.A.rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheUSB)small-mindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscommentC)CanadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighborsD.mostAmericansarereadytoofferhelp2、Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat___________.A)cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationshipB)courteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelatedC)variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriendsD)socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventions3、Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangers___________.A)toimprovetheirhardlifeB)inviewoftheirlong-distancetravelC)toaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylifeD)outofacharitableimpulse4、Thetraditionofhospitalitytostrangers___________.A)tendstobesuperficialandartificialB)isgenerallywellkeptupintheunitedStatesC)isalwaysunderstoodproperlyD)hassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrails5、What’stheauthor’sattitudestowardtheAmerican’sfriendliness?A)Favorable.B)Unfavorable.C)Indifferent.D)Neutral.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1-5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Htofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Therearethreeextrachoices,whichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10%)Fromhervantagepointshewatchedthemaindoorsswingopenandthefirstarrivalspourin.Thosewhohadbeenattheheadofthelinepausedmomentarilyonentry,lookedaroundcuriously,thenquicklymovedforwardasothersbehindpressedin.Withinmomentsthecentralpublicareaofthebigbranchbankwasfilledwithachattering,noisycrowd.Thebuilding,relativelyquietlessthanaminuteearlier,hadbecomeaBabel.Edwinasawatallheavysetblackmanwavesomedollarbillsanddeclareloudly,"Iwanttoputmymoneyinthebank".1.Itseemedasifthereportabouteveryonehavingcometoopenanaccounthadbeenaccurateafterall. Edwinacouldseethebigmanleaningbackexpansively,stillholdinghisdollarbills.Hisvoicecutacrossthenoiseofotherconversationsandsheheardhimproclaim,"I'minnohurry.There'ssomethingI'dlikeyoutoexplain."Twootherdeskswerequicklymannedbyotherclerks.Withequalspeed,longwidelinesofpeopleformedinfrontofthem.Normally,threemembersofstaffwereampletohandlenewaccountbusiness,butobviouslywereinadequatenow.EdwinacouldseeTottenhoeonthefarsideofthebankandcalledhimontheintercom.Sheinstructed,"Usemoredesksfornewaccountandtakeallthestaffyoucansparetomanthem."2.Tottenhoegrumbledinreply,"Yourealizewecan'tpossiblyprocessallthesepeopletoday,andhowevermanywedowilltieusupcompletely.""I'veanidea,"Edwinasaid,"that'swhatsomeonehasinmind.Justhurrytheprocessingallyoucan."3.First,anapplicationformcalledfordetailsofresidence,employment,socialsecurity,andfamilymatters.Aspecimensignaturewasobtained.Thenproofofidentitywasneeded.Afterthat,thenewaccountsclerkwouldtakealldocumentstoanofficerofthebankforapprovalandinitialing.Finally,asavingspassbookwasmadeoutoratemporarycheckbookissued.Thereforethemostnewaccountsthatanybankemployeecouldopeninanhourwerefive,sothethreeclerkspresentlyworkingmighthandleatotalofninetyinonebusinessday,iftheykeptgoingattopspeed,whichwasunlikely.4.Stillthenoisewithinthebankincreased.Ithadbecomeanuproar.Afurtherproblemwasthatthegrowingmassofarrivalsinthecentralpublicareaofthebankwaspreventingaccesstotellers'countersbyothercustomers.Edwinacouldseeafewofthemoutside,regardingthemillingscenewithconsternation.Whileshewatched,severalgaveupandwalkedaway.Insidethebanksomeofthenewcomerswereengagingtellersinconversationandthetellers,havingnothingelsetodobecauseofthemelee,chattedback.Twoassistantmanagershadgonetothecentralfloorareaandweretryingtoregulatethefloodofpeoplesoastoclearsomespaceatcounters.Theywerehavingsmallsuccess.5.Shedecideditwastimeforherownintervention.Edwinalefttheplatformandarailed-offstaffareaand,withdifficulty,madeherwaythroughthemillingcrowdtothemainfrontdoor.A.Yetsheknewhowevermuchtheyhurrieditwouldstilltaketentofifteenminutestoopenanysinglenewaccount.Italwaysdid.Thepaperworkrequiredthattime.B.Butstillnohostilitywasevident.Everyoneinthenowjam-packedbankwhowasspokentobymembersofthestaffansweredpolitelyandwithasmile.Itseemed,Edwinathought,asifallwhowereherehadbeenbriefedtobeonbestbehavior.C.It'saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.D.Evenleaningclosetotheintercom,itwashardtohearabovethenoise.E.Eventriplingatepresentcomplementofclerkswouldpermitveryfewmorethantwohundredandfiftyaccounts(obeopenedinaday,yetalready,inthefirstfewminutesofbusiness,thebankwascrammedwithatleastfourhundredpeople,withstillmorefloodingin,andthelineoutside,whichEdwinarosetocheck,appearedaslongasever.F.Obviouslysomeonehadalertedthepressinadvance,whichexplainedthepresenceoftheTVcameracrewoutside.Edwinawonderedwhohaddoneit.G.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.H.Asecurityguarddirectedhim,"Overtherefornewaccounts."Theguardpointedtoadeskwhereaclerk-ayounggirl-satwaiting.Sheappearednervous.Thebigmanwalkedtowardher,smiledreassuringly,andsatdown.Immediatelyapressofothersmovedintoaraggedlinebehindhim,waitingfortheirturn.PartIVTranslation(20%)Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyontheANSWERSHEET. Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.Accordingtoaweatherexpertsprediction,theatmospherewillbe3℃warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationofearth’schieffood-growingzones.Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotter