英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題2017年6月(第三套)試卷及答案解析

PAGE5—PAGE5——20176月四級(jí)考（套）Part I Writing (30minutes)．．:Forts,youed0minutestoentnyourcampusetosellacomputeryouusedatadvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,specifications/features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleastnomorethan180words.PartII ListeningComprehension說(shuō)明年月四級(jí)真題全國(guó)共考了兩套聽(tīng)力。 本套的聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容與第二套的完全一，只是選項(xiàng)的順序不樣而巳。PartID ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionA:Inthissection,theresaehten.ouerequiredtoselectedforhrkatfcho nadkfollowingthe.dtheethroughcarefullyemakingyourchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyamarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheetasinglelinethroughthemaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Themethodformakingrschangedrtimes啤酒花），rhemanyamodernbeeritsarea recentadditiontothewasf1IStmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda ingredientinresidue(殘留物5,000-year-oldbeerbrewingdiggingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofscientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfromsdvessel.hetshapfthecontainers 8 theyedto,filter,d store.Theymaybeancient"beer-makingtools," andtheearliest 29 evidenceofbeerbrewinginChina,theresearchersreportedinthetheNationalAcademyofSciences.To 30 thattheory,theteamexaminedtheyellowish,dried 31 insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikey(大麥）， t%esfroots, 2 , hdemadethersweeter,thescientistssay.BarleysndfindthecropsdnWesternEurasiadta33 foodincentralChinauntilabout2,000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthattiming,theyindicatebarleymayhave 34 intheregionnotasfood,butas 35 materialforbeerbrewing.A)arrivedB)consumingC)directD)exclusivelyE)includingF)informG)rawH)reachedI)relativelyJ)remainsK)resourcesL) stapleM) suggestN)surprisingO)testSectionB:Inthissection,youegtoreadaetenstatementdt.Eachstatemencontains叫rmationnnefthe.Identifythehfrom tensYoumaychooseaparagraphmorethanparagraphismarkedwithathequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheBlessingandCurseofthePeoplewhoNeverForgetAhandfulofpeoplecanrecallal叩 steverydayoftheirlivesinandafteryearsofneuroscientistsarefinallybeginningtounderstandhowFormostofus,memoryisamessofblurredandfadedpicturesofourlives.Asmuchaswewouldliketoclingontoourpast,eventhesaddestmomentscanbewashedawaywithtime.AskNimaVeisehwhathewasdoingforanydayinthepasthowever,andhewillgiveyouthedetailsoftheweather,whathewaswearing,orevenwhatsideofthetrainhewassittingonhisjourneytowork."Mymemoryislikealibraryofvideotapes,walk-throughsofeverydayofmylifefromwakingtosleeping,"heexplains.Vcanevenputadateonwhenthosetapesstarted15Decemberwhenhemethisfastgirlfriendathisbestfriend's16thbirthdayparty.Hehadalwayshadagoodmemory,butthethrillofyoungloveseemstohaveshiftedagearinhisfromnowon,hewouldstartrecordinghiswholelifeindetail. "Icouldtellyoueverythingabouteverydayafterthat."stosay,eeVeisehefttto(s經(jīng)科學(xué)專(zhuān)家）gtothewaythebrainrecordsourlives.Acoupleofrecentpapershavefinallyopenedawindowonthesepeople'sextraordinaryminds.Andsuchresearchmightevensuggestwaysforusalltoreliveourpastwithgreaterclarity."Highlysuperiorautobiographicalmemory"(orHSAMforshort),firstcametolightintheearly2000s,withayoungwomannamedJillPrice.E-mailingtheneuroscientistandmemoryresearcherJimMcGaughoneday,she迦medthatshecouldrecalleverydayofherlifesincetheageof12.Couldhehelpexplainherexperiences?McGaughinvitedhertohislab,andbegantotesther:hewouldgiveheradateandaskhertotellhimabouttheworldeventsonthatday.Truetoherword,shewascorrectalmosteverytime.Itdidn'ttakelong formagazinesanddocumentaryfilm-makerstocometounderstandher"totalrecall," andthankstothesubsequentmedia,afewnrsubjetincludingV)esincecomeforwardandcontactedtheteamattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine.Interestingly,theirmemoriesarehighlyself-centred:althoughtheycanremembereventsinextraordinarydetail,theyseemtobenobetterthanaverageatrecallingimpersonalinformation, suchasrandom任意選取的）listsofwords.Noraretheynecessarilybetteratrememberingaroundofdrinks,say.Andalthoughtheirmemoriesarevast,theyarestilllikelytosufferfrom"falsememories."Clearly,thereisnosuchthingasa"perfect"theirextraordinarymindsarestillusingthesameflawedtoolsthattherestofusrelyon.Thequestionishow?LawrencePatihisattheUniversityofSouthernMississippirecentlystudiedaround20peoplewithHSAMandfoundthattheyscoredparticularlyhighontwomeasures:fantasy傾向）andabsorption.Fantasypronenessconsideredtoimagineanddaydream,whereasabsorptionisthetendencytoallowyourmindtobecomefullyabsorbedinanactivity—topaycompleteattentiontothe感受）andtheexperiences."I'mextremelysensitivetosounds,smellsandvisualdetail," explainsNicoleDonohue,whohastakenpartinmanyofthesestudies."Idefinitelyfeelthingsmorestronglythantheaverageperson."Thensthemtohstrongfoundationsforrecollection,saysPathdthefantasymeansthattheyrevisit thosememories again andagain inthecoming weeks andmonths. Eachtime this initialmemory traceis"replayed, "itbecomes evenstronger. Insomeways, youprobablygothrough thatprocessafterabigevent like yourwedding day—butthedifference isthatthanks totheir other psychological tendencies, HSAM subjects aredoing itdayin, dayout, forthewhole oftheirlives.NoteveryonewithatendencytofantasisewilldevelopHSAM,though,soPatihissuggeststhatsomethingmusthavecausedthemtothinksomuchabouttheirpast."Maybesomeexperienceintheirchildhoodmeantthattheybecameobsessed(著迷calendarsandwhathappenedtothem,"saysPatihis.Thepeoplewith HSAM I've interviewedwould certainly agreethatitcanbeamixed blessing. Ontheplusside,itallows youtorelive themosttransformative andenriching experiences. Veiseh, forinstance, travelled alotinhisyouth. Inhis sparetime, hevisited thelocal artgalleries, andthepaintings arenow lodged deep inhisautobiographical memories."Imagine being abletoremember every painting, onevery wall, inevery gallery space, between nearly 40countries," hesays. "That's abigeducation inart byitself." With thiscomprehensive knowledgeofthehistoryofart, hehassincebecome aprofessional painter.Donohue, now ahistory teacher, agreesthatithelped during certain parts ofhereducation: "I candefinitelyrememberwhatIlearnedoncertaindaysatschool.Icouldimaginewhattheteacherwassayingorwhatitlookedlikeinthebook."0)NoteveryonewithHSAMhasexperiencedthesebenefits,however.Viewingthepastinhighdefinitioncanmakeitverydifficulttogetoverpainandregret."Itcanbeveryhardtoforgetembarrassingmoments,"saysDonohue."Youfeelthesameemotions—itisjustasraw,justasfresh?Youcan'tturnoffthatstreamofmemories,nomatterhowhardyoutry."Veisehagrees:"Itislikehavingtheseopenwounds—theyarejustapartofyou," hesays.P) This meansthey oftenhavetomakeaspecial effort tolaythepasttorest. Bill, forinstance, oftengetspainful"flashbacks," inwhich unwanted memories intrude intohisconsciousness,butoverall hehaschosentosee itasthebestway ofavoiding repeatingthesamemistakes. "Somepeople areabsorbed inthe pastbutnot opentonewmemories, butthat's notthecaseforme. Ilook forward toeachdayandexperiencing something new."People with HSAM havethesamememory asordinary people whenitcomes toimpersonal information.Fantasy proneness will notnecessarily causepeople todevelop HSAM.Veiseh begantoremember thedetails ofhiseveryday experiences after hemethisfirst young love.Many morepeople with HSAM started tocontact researchers duetothemassmedia.People with HSAM oftenhavetomake efforts toavoid focusing onthepast.Most people donothaveclearmemories ofpastevents.HSAM canbebothacurseandablessing.Ayoung woman sought explanation from abrain scientist whenshenoticed herunusual memory.Somepeople with HSAM find itvery hardtogetridofunpleasant memories.Arecent study ofpeople with HSAM reveals thattheyareliable tofantasy andfull absorption inanactivity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thephrasealmostcompletesitself:midlifecrisis.It'sthestageinthemiddleofthejourneywhenpeoplefeelyouthvanishing,theirprospectsnarrowinganddeathapproaching.There'sonlyoneproblemwiththecliche套話(huà)）Ittrue."Inthereisalmostnohardevidenceformidlifecrisisotherthanafewsmallpilotstudiesconducteddecadesago,"BarbaraHagertywritesinhernewbook,LifeReimagined.Thebulkoftheresearchshowsthattheremaybeapause,orashiftingofgearsinthe40sor50s,butthisshift"canbeexciting,ratherthanterrifying."BarbaraHagertylooksatsomeofthefeaturesofpeoplewhoturnmidlifeintoarebirth.Theybreakisdeath."TheychoosepurposeoveraclearsenseofpurposeevenreducestheriskofAlzheimer'sdisease.Theygiveprioritytorelationships,ascareersoften逐漸淡化）．LifeReimaginedpaintsapictureofmiddleagethatisfarfromgloomy.Midlifeseemslikethesecondbigphaseofdecision-making.Youridentityhasbeenformed;you'vebuiltupyourresources;andnowyouhavethechancetotakethebigriskspreciselybecauseyourfoundationisalreadysecure.KarlBarthdescribedmidlifepreciselythisway.Atmiddleage,hewrote,"thesowingisbehind;nowisthetimetoreap.Therunhasbeentaken;nowisthetimetoleap.Preparationhasnowisthetimefortheventureoftheworkitself."Themiddle-agedBarthcontinued,canseehnthe,tmovesha"measuredtogetbignewthingsdonewhilethereisstilltime.WhatBarthwrotedecadesagoiseventruertoday.Peoplearehealthyandenergeticlonger.Wehavepresidentialcandidatesrunningfortheirfrrstterminofficeatage68,69and74.Alongerlifespanischangingthenarrativestructureoflifeitself.Whatcouldhavebeenconsideredthebeginningofadescentisnowapotentialturningpoint—theturningpointyouaremostequippedtotakefulladvantageof.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthephrase"midlifecrisis"?Ithasledtoalotofdebate. B) Itiswidelyacknowledged.C)Itisnolongerfashionable.HowdoesBarbaraHagertyviewmidlife?Itmaybethebeginningofacrisis.Itcanbeanewphaseofone'slife.Itcanbeterrifyingfortheunprepared.Itmayseeold-agediseasesapproaching.HowismidlifepicturedinthebookLifeReimagined?Itcanbequiterosy.C)Itundergoesradicaltransformation.AccordingtoKarlBarth, midlifeisthetime .torelaxtoharvestWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutmidlifetoday?Itismoremeaningfulthanotherstagesoflife.Itislikelytochangethenarrativeofone'slife.Itismoreimportanttothosewithalongerlifespan.Itislikelytobeacriticalturningpointin one'slife.

Itmisrepresentsreallife.B) Itcanbeburdensome.D)Itmakesforthebestpartofone'slife.B) tomatureD) toreflectPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inspring,chickensstartlayingagain,bringingawelcomesourceofproteinatwinter'send.Soit'snosurprisethatculturesaroundtheworldcelebratespringbyhonoringtheegg.Sometraditionesimple,etheredsthattdoreekEaster.Othersetheoafancyart,liketheheavilythatwerefavoredbytheRussiansstartinginthe19thcentury.OneancientformofeggartcomestousfromUkraine.Forcenturies,U阮inianshavebeendrawingcomplicatedpatternsoneggs.Contemporaryartistshavefollowedthistraditiontocreateeggsthatspeaktotheanxietiesofourage:Lifeisprecious,anddelicate.Eggsare,too."There'ssomethingabouttheirdelicatenaturethatappealstome,"saysNewYorkercartoonistRozChast.SeveralshebecameinterestedineggsandlearnedthetraditionalUkrainiantechniquetodrawhervery—modemcharacters."I've brokeneggsateverystageoftheprocessfromtheverybeginningtothevery, end."Butthere'sanappealinthatvulnerability."There'spartofthissickeninghorrorofknowingyou'rewalkingontheehthis,thatIkindf,knowingthattcould lfallttysecond"s,suchaworriedmanaloneinatinyrowboat,reflectthatdelicateness.TraditionalUkrainiandecoratedeggsalsospoketothosefears.Theelaboratepatternswerebelievedtoofferprotectionagainstevil."There'sntdthatsgstheseseade,lltlnthe" saysBrander,aCanadianegg-painterwhohasbeenpaintingeggsforover60years,havinglearnedtheartfromherUkrainianrelatives.Thetradition,datingbackto300B.,waslaterincorporatedintotheChristianchurch.Theoldsymbols,however,stillendure.Adecoratedeggwithabirdonit,giventoayoungmarriedcouple,isawishforchildren.Adecoratedeggthrownintothefieldwouldbeawishforagoodharvest.Whydopeopleinmanyculturesprizetheegg?Itisawelcomesignofthecomingofspring.Itis theirmajorsourceofproteininwinter.Itcaneasilybemadeintoaworkofart.Itcanbringwealthandhonortothem.WhatdowelearnabouttheinRussia?Theyareshapedlikejewelcases. B)Theyarecherishedbytherich.C)Theyareheavilypaintedinred. D)Theyarefavoredasaformofart.Whyhavecontemporaryartistseggarttradition?Eggsserveasanenduringsymbolofnewlife.EggshaveanovalshapeappealingEggsreflecttheanxietiesofpeopletoday.Eggsprovideauniquesurfacetopainton.WhydoesChastenjoytheprocessofdecoratingeggs?Sheneverknowsiftheeggwillbreakbeforethedesigniscompleted.Shecanaddmultipledetailstothecommunicateheridea.Shealwaysderivesgreatpleasurefromdesigningsomethingnew.Sheisneversurewhatthefinaldesignwilllooklikeuntiltheend.Whatdowelearnfrom thepassageaboutegg-painting?Itoriginated intheeasternpartofEurope.Ithasahistoryofovertwo thousandyears.Itisthemosttime-honoredformoffancyart.Itisespeciallyfavoredasachurchdecoration.PartIV Translation (30minutes)Directions

this, youed0minutestotranslateafromeoEnglish.YoushouldyouransweronAnswerSheet2.珠江是華南一大河系，流經(jīng)廣州市，是中國(guó)第三長(zhǎng)的河流，僅次于長(zhǎng)江和黃河。珠江三角洲(delta)一0平方公里。它在面積和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集區(qū)。珠江三角洲九個(gè)最大城市共有5700多萬(wàn)人口。上世紀(jì)70年代末中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，珠江三角洲已成為中國(guó)和世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域和制造中心之一。201706月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第三套）【答案速在】選詞填空26-35IMNCOJELAG長(zhǎng)篇閱讀36-45HKCGPALEOI仔細(xì)閱讀46-55DBCBDADCAB201706月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第三套）【真題解析】PartI Writing (30minutes)【審題分析］通過(guò)審題，得知核心信息是，寫(xiě)一則廣告，出售自己的二手電腦。首段，只需要引入話(huà)題，交代有二手電腦出售。次段，拓展話(huà)題，交代具體信息。比如說(shuō)電腦的品牌，建議就寫(xiě)蘋(píng)果，或者ThinkPad,因?yàn)槿菀讓?xiě)。再加上一些具體的信息，如果會(huì)寫(xiě)得話(huà)，不會(huì)呢，就寫(xiě)感受，寫(xiě)什么時(shí)候購(gòu)買(mǎi)的，類(lèi)似的信息，可。郵【參考范文］AgentlyusedLenovoThinkPadis waitingforitsnew owner. 范文譯文Boughtjustoneandahalfyearsago,thecomputeriskeptin 一部八成新聯(lián)想筆記本perfectcondition.Ithasafour-coreanindependentdisplay 腦正在等待它的新主人。cardofaharddiskofcleanandsmooth一ascreenof15.6inches,whichmakesitquiteuser-friendly and 有四核主機(jī)獨(dú)立顯卡硬盤(pán)，enablesittorunswiftly. What'smore,ithasbeenloadedwith 凈平滑的鍵盤(pán)和15.6時(shí)屏，使用便捷運(yùn)latestpracticalwhichcanbeofgreathelpforitsnew 轉(zhuǎn)快速。此外，還配置了最新軟件，對(duì)新user.Inparticular,thelaptopisfairlylightandthin, withthe 主人將頗有幫助。特別值得一提的是，這weightof1.andthethicknessoflessthan1.5cm.You can 部筆記本電腦十分輕、薄，重量?jī)H為1.7公easilypickittoyourclassroom,yourlabandthelibrary. 斤，厚度不到1.5厘米。您可以輕松地將Adiscountof40%isnowoffered,malcingthepriceaslow 其帶至課堂、實(shí)驗(yàn)室和圖書(shū)館。as2700RMB.Ayoneinterestedmaycall20170600000orwriteto 現(xiàn)在有六折優(yōu)惠，價(jià)格低至元人@mformore. 民幣。感興趣者可撥打0或?qū)戉]件至1234566@詢(xún)問(wèn)更多細(xì)節(jié)。【亮點(diǎn)詞匯］display 顯示；炫耀user-friendly 用戶(hù)友好的，方便使用的swiftly 迅速地；敏捷地laptop 筆記本電腦，便攜式電腦display*****N-GRADED可數(shù)或不可Herwasthedisplayofthenewdressintheship— 8—windows.user-friendly***女女ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副詞修飾的形容詞 用戶(hù)友好的方便使用的The nextgenerationoftouchtechnology,nowindevelopment,promisestobeevenmoreintuitiveanduser-friendly.swiftly*****ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副詞修飾的形容詞 迅速地；敏捷地Peopleonhospitalshealthfacilitiestorespond,swiftlyandefficiently,asthelifelineforsurvivalandthebackboneofsupport.lapt女女女女N-GRADED 可數(shù)名詞筆記本電腦，便攜式電腦Icangotoanyofmyclients'sitesandhookmytheirnetworkwithoutchangingallsortsofsettings.【經(jīng)典表達(dá)l八bewith?安裝有??Inparticular特別值得一提Adiscountof40%isnowoffered現(xiàn)提供6折優(yōu)惠Anyoneinterestedmaycall...orwriteto formoredetails.細(xì)節(jié)。PartIII ReadingComprehension (40 minutes)岡罰曠霄｀【原文（譯）】Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedover啤酒花examplewhichgivemanyamodernbeeritsbitterflavor,area(26)recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasfrrstmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.researchershavefounda(27) ingredientin殘留物）from5,beerbrewingequipment.WhileexcavatingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofChina,scientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfrompots,funnels,amphorae,andstoves.Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers(28) theywereusedtofilter,andstorebeer.Theymaybeancient"beer-makingtools," andtheearliest(29)evidenceofbeerbrewingin,thereseacsreporteetodayntheProcees fthelAcademfScience.o(30) thathypothesis,theteamexaminedyellowish, dried(31) insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikemilletand大麥about10%werebitsofroots,(32) lily, whichwouldhavemadethebeersweeter,thescientistssay.Barleywasanunexpectedfind:thecropwasdomesticatedinwesternanddidn'tbecomea(33) foodincentralChinauntilabout2000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthattiming, theysuggestbarleymayhave(34) intheregionnotasfood,butas(35)materialforbeerbrewing.現(xiàn)代啤酒帶來(lái)苦味的啤酒花，(26)相當(dāng)近的時(shí)間— 9—才加到了飲品中去的。在九世紀(jì)與釀酒相關(guān)的史料中首次被提及。現(xiàn)在，研究人員在 5000年前的釀留物中發(fā)現(xiàn)了

()驚人的成分。在中國(guó)中原地區(qū)兩個(gè)考古坑進(jìn)行挖掘的期間，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了來(lái)自 陶罐、漏斗、雙耳陶罐和火爐的陶制碎片。研究者們今天在《美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》網(wǎng)絡(luò)版報(bào)告中稱(chēng)，容器的不同形狀是古代的啤酒制作工具，也是最早的有關(guān)中國(guó)啤酒(28)表明它們?cè)挥脕?lái)釀造、過(guò)濾和儲(chǔ)存啤酒，它們可能 “ ”是古代的啤酒制作工具，也是最早的有關(guān)中國(guó)啤酒釀造的直接證據(jù)。為了 (30) 一設(shè)，團(tuán)隊(duì)成員檢測(cè)了容器內(nèi)淡黃色、干燥的 (31) 殘留物。其中約來(lái)自小米和大麥這樣的谷類(lèi)作物，約 小莖， (32) 包括百合的根莖，科學(xué)家們說(shuō)，它們給啤酒增添了甜味。大麥?zhǔn)且粋€(gè)意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)：據(jù)研究人員表示，這種農(nóng)作物在西歐亞大陸被培育出來(lái)，直到大約年前才成為中國(guó)中部地區(qū)的 (33) 主要糧食點(diǎn)，研究人員表示大麥最初 (34) 抵達(dá)該地區(qū)時(shí)并非當(dāng)作食物，而是作為釀造啤酒的(35)愿材料。26. I) relatively。副詞辨析【語(yǔ)法分析】由空格前為不定冠詞空格后是形容詞可以判定空格處缺副詞用以修飾其后的形詞，所以在 和I里面選擇?！菊Z(yǔ)意分析】前一旬中提到啤酒花給現(xiàn)代啤酒增添了一絲苦味，后面說(shuō)這一點(diǎn)是在九世紀(jì)關(guān)于釀造的參考材料中首次被提到，由此可以推出啤酒花的出現(xiàn)年代并不久遠(yuǎn)，而是相當(dāng)近的，因此

相對(duì)地， I)相當(dāng)?shù)嘏懦?/p>

”符合旬意。另

一個(gè)副詞exclusively"

”專(zhuān)門(mén)地，排外地

與此處要表達(dá)的

” ”相當(dāng)?shù)匾馑疾环?，可以M) surprising。形容詞辨析【語(yǔ)法分析】由空格后為名詞前面為不定冠可以判定空格缺形容詞來(lái)修飾后面的名詞。【語(yǔ)意分析】旬中提到：研究人員在 5000年前的啤酒釀造設(shè)備的殘留物一說(shuō)明該成分還是很令人吃驚的，因此 srrg符合旬意。在備選形容詞中，曲c和rw不能與t搭配使與旬意不符，故均排除。28.N)。動(dòng)詞辨析the"容器的不同形狀”，空格后面是一個(gè)完整的從旬，由此可以判定空格處缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。“ ” “ ＂【語(yǔ)意分析】空格前面提到

容器的不同形狀，后面提到它們是被用來(lái)釀造、過(guò)濾和儲(chǔ)存啤酒的

，由此推“ “ ”斷出)sugget" 表明，暗示符合旬意，即不同的形狀表明它們有各自的 用途。在備選動(dòng)詞中，和including式能作,inform,t不符合旬以排除。C) direct。形容詞辨析lt和空格后是名詞可以判定空格處缺形容詞與前面的elt一起修飾。“【語(yǔ)意分析】空格所在旬旬意為這些容器可能就是古代的釀酒工具，這也成為中國(guó)古代釀酒最早的證”據(jù)。根據(jù)旬意可知，容器也是非常直接的證據(jù)，故

”直接C)

為正確答案。備選項(xiàng)中其他的形容詞raw,和無(wú)法與evidence 搭，故排除。0) 。動(dòng)詞辨析【語(yǔ)法分析】空格前面有不定式符號(hào)o,后面是名詞短語(yǔ)ty, 可以判定空格處缺動(dòng)詞原形。【語(yǔ)意分析】上文中提到了考古研究人員的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)，下文中提到團(tuán)隊(duì)又對(duì)某些物質(zhì)進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn)，由此推”出研究人員應(yīng)該是想通過(guò)檢驗(yàn)來(lái)證實(shí)這些假設(shè)，故 證實(shí)，試符合旬意。在備選動(dòng)詞中inform也— 10—是動(dòng)詞原形，但用在此處與原文旬意不符，故排除。J)remains 辨析driithe作賓語(yǔ)。J)”合句意。而K)resources"資源與句意不符，可以排除。

”殘留物，遺址符E)inclg。動(dòng)詞辨析連接的并列旬中，且其前為名詞roots,其后為名詞l'動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞形式表示從屬關(guān)系?！菊Z(yǔ)意分析】句子表達(dá)的意思是

“80%為谷物，約

” “。而百

”恰好屬于根莖類(lèi)植物，由此推出E)including"除。

”包含符合旬意。備選項(xiàng)中

arrived,consuming和reached均與句意不符，可以排L) 。形容詞辨析food。

o

為名詞，可以判定空格處缺形容詞用千修飾其后的名【語(yǔ)意分析】空格前提到這種農(nóng)作物是在西歐亞大陸被培育出來(lái)的，由此推出并非是當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)中原地區(qū)的主要食物來(lái)源，故

”stapLl)e"主要的，基本

raw雖可與food搭配，但與旬的符合旬意。備選項(xiàng)中的形容詞意不符，可以排除。A)arrived動(dòng)詞辨析【語(yǔ)法分析】空格位于inthe判定空格處缺動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作從旬的謂語(yǔ)。備選項(xiàng)中詞的過(guò)去分詞只有reached,不能與后面的介詞inA)為答案。G)raw析【語(yǔ)法分析】空格前面有介詞as,后面有不可數(shù)名詞material,由此可以判定應(yīng)填入形容詞修飾后面的名詞material。al為固定“搭配，意為

＂原材料

”，故Gr)aw"生的，未經(jīng)加工的

為答案。岡開(kāi)ffllr,l:J［原文（譯）】擁有超強(qiáng)記憶之人的福與禍Ahaofpeopleoflivesin—oftotheyit.有部分人幾乎能回憶起他們生活中每天的大噩細(xì)節(jié)。經(jīng)過(guò)多年研究之后，神經(jīng)科學(xué)專(zhuān)家終于開(kāi)始了解他們是怎么做到的。— 11———PAGE——PAGE12A)(41)Formostofus,memo isakindofscrabook,amessofblurredandfadedsnashotsofourlives.Asmuchaswewouldliketoclin ontoour ast,eventhemostoinantmomentscanbewashedtime.(41)對(duì)于大多數(shù)人而言記憶就像 一本影集充滿(mǎn)模糊褪色的生活片段。 即使最痛苦的記憶也會(huì)隨著時(shí)而消逝尤論我們多想要記住它。AskNimaVeisehwhathewasdoingforanydayintheyears,however,andhewillgiveyouthedetailsoftheweather,whathewaswearing,orevenwhatsideofthetrainhewassittingonhisjourneytowork."Mymemoryislikealibraryofvideotapes,walk-throughsofeverydayofmylifefromwakingtosleeping," explains.側(cè)等。我的記憶就像但是如果你問(wèn)尼瑪維瑟(NimaVeiseh)過(guò)去15年中任意一天在做什么，他會(huì)告訴你所有細(xì)節(jié)，從當(dāng)日天情況到他的衣著，甚至他去上班時(shí)坐在火車(chē)的哪一 “ 一個(gè)存放錄影帶的圖書(shū)館，完全記側(cè)等。我的記憶就像

“個(gè)瞬息，從我醒來(lái)到入睡，他解釋道。(Veisehcanevenutadateonwhenthosetaesstarted15December2000,whenhemethisfrrst讓hisbestfriend'sbirthda.Hehadalwashadaoodmemo,butthethrillofounloveseemstohaveshiftedaearinhismind:fromnowon,hewouldstartrecordinhiswholelifeindetail."Icouldtellyoueverythingabouteverydayafterthat."C)(

他甚至能說(shuō)出

“錄影帶

“開(kāi)始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)間：那是

月15日，那天他在他最好朋友的歲生日宴上見(jiàn)到了初戀女友。他之前記憶力就很好，但年輕愛(ài)情的興奮感還是悄悄撥動(dòng)了他腦中的某個(gè)機(jī)關(guān)，從那以后，他開(kāi)始記錄一

生中的每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。

“我能告訴你從那之后我每天發(fā)生的

一切事情?！盢eedlesstosay,peoplelikeVeisehareofgreatinteresttoneuroscientistshopingtounderstandthewaythebrainrecordsourlives.Acoupleofrecentpapershavefinallyopenedawindowonthesepeople'sextraordinaryminds.Andsuchresearchmightevensuggestwaysforusalltoreliveourpastwithgreaterclarity.神經(jīng)科學(xué)家對(duì)像維瑟這樣的人的興趣自不必多說(shuō)，他們想知道這些人的大腦是如何工作以記錄他們生活的。近來(lái)的一些論文巳經(jīng)揭示了這種非凡能力的冰山一角，這些研究可能也給我們方法來(lái)更清楚地重現(xiàn)我們對(duì)過(guò)去生活的記憶。(43)'Hi hl sueriorautobioahicalmemo ' orHforshort firstcametolihtintheearl 2000sha n nJlrice.Emailin thetdmemoresearchrmMcGauhesheclaimedthatshecouldrecallevedaofherlifesincetheaeof12.Couldhehel exlainherexeriences?E)E)(一 一 這種高度發(fā)達(dá)的自傳性記憶 簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng) 首次進(jìn)入公眾視界是在二十 世紀(jì)初。 天 位叫做吉爾·普萊斯(ce)的年輕女士給神經(jīng)科學(xué)兼記憶研究員吉姆·麥克高夫 (McGauh)發(fā)郵件問(wèn)他是否可以解釋她的經(jīng)歷－ 她可以回憶起歲以來(lái)每一天的生活。McGaughinvitedhertohislab,andbegantotesther:hewouldgiveheradateandaskhertotellhimabouttheworldeventsonthatday.Truetoherword,shewascorrectalmosteverytime.期，讓她說(shuō)出那天發(fā)生的世界大事。結(jié)果與她說(shuō)的別無(wú)二致，她幾乎每次都對(duì)了。(39)Itdidn'ttakeIon formaazinesanddocument film-makerstocometounderstandher"totalrecall"andthankstothesubseuentmediainterestafewdozenothersubandcontactedtheteamattheUniversitofCalifornia Irvine.

iseh esincecomeforward(39沒(méi)過(guò)多久，雜志和紀(jì)錄片導(dǎo)演便來(lái)了解她的

“全面回憶

”。幸虧這些媒體后續(xù)的興趣，幾十個(gè)其他的受試者（包括維瑟）自告奮勇與加利福尼亞大學(xué)歐文分校的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)取得了聯(lián)系。(36)Interestin1 theirmemoriesarehi hl self-centred: althouhthe canremember"autobio rahical" lifeeventsinextraordin detail,the seemtobenobetterthanaveraeatrecallin im ersonalinfom

such

ion,randomlistsofwords. Noraretheynecessarilybetteratrememberingaroundofdrinks, say.Andalthoughtheirmemoriesarevast, theyarestill likelytosufferfrom"false memories". Clearly, thereisnosuchthingasa—"perfect" memory theirextraordinary mindsarestillusingthesameflawedtoolsthattherestofusrelyon.Thequestionis,how?“H)(有趣的是，他們的記憶是高度自我中心化的：盡管他們能夠記住 自傳

“生活的每

一個(gè)瞬息，但是對(duì)一 一于非個(gè)人生活的信息方面似乎不比普通人強(qiáng) 比如 系列隨機(jī)排列的單詞。 再如，他們不能很好地記住圈飲料的順序。盡管這些人的記憶力非常強(qiáng)大，他們?nèi)匀缓芸赡軙?huì)承受

“虛假記憶

”之苦。很明顯，世界上“ “ 一并不存在什么 完美無(wú)暇的 回憶，他們非凡的頭腦也像我們這些平凡人 樣有著瑕疵。 問(wèn)題在于，怎么會(huì)這樣？I)(45)LawrencePatihisattheUniversit ofSouthernMississi irecent! studiedaround20 eolewithHSAMandfoundthatthe scored articular! hihontwomeasures:fantas ronenessandabso tion. Fantas couldbeconsideredatendenc toima ineanddadream,whereasabso tionisthetendenc toallow ourmind—tobecomefull absorbedinanactivit to a comleteattentiontothesensationsandtheexeriences."I'mextremelysensitivetosounds,smellsandvisualdetail,"explainsNicoleDonohue, whohastakenpartinmanyofthesestudies."Idefinitelyfeelthingsmorestronglythanthe averageperson."(45)南密西西比大學(xué)的勞倫斯· 帕特西斯近來(lái)研究了約 20位擁有HSAM者，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)诨孟雰A向和專(zhuān)注力兩方面得分特別高。 幻想傾向可以理解為想象和做自日夢(mèng)的傾向，而專(zhuān)注力則是使自己的思維全神貫注于某種活動(dòng)

—對(duì)感受和經(jīng)驗(yàn)投入全部的關(guān)注的傾向。

“我對(duì)聲音、氣味和視覺(jué)信息非常敏感，“

“尼古拉·唐”納休解(Nicole 釋道，參加了不少這樣的研究，我對(duì)事物的感知的確比常人更強(qiáng)烈 。Theabsorptionhelpsthemtoestablishstrongfoundationsforrecollection, saysPatihis,andthefantasypronenessmeansthattheyrevisit thosememoriesagainandagaininthecomingweeksandmonths.Eachtimethisinitialmemorytraceis"replayed",itbecomesevenstronger.Insomeways, youprobablygothroughthatprocessafter—abigeventlikeyour weddingday butthedifferenceisthatthankstotheirotherpsychologicaltheHSAMsubjects aredoingitdayin, dayout, forthewholeoftheirlives.專(zhuān)注力是他們強(qiáng)有力回憶的基礎(chǔ)，帕特希斯說(shuō)，而幻想傾向則使得他們?cè)诮酉聛?lái)的幾周或幾個(gè)月反復(fù)重現(xiàn)這些記憶。隨著初次記憶的

一 “

”重播，記憶就變得越來(lái)越堅(jiān)固。 某種程度上，在某件大事，比如婚禮過(guò)后，重播“ “你也可能會(huì)經(jīng)歷這種 重播過(guò)程的其他心理傾向造成的。

但不同的是，HSAM者會(huì)在一生中的每一天都進(jìn)行”

"'這是他們(37)Noteve onewithatendenc tofantasisewill develo HSAM, thouh, soPatihissu eststhatsomethinmusthavecausedthemtothinksomuchabouttheir ast."Maybesomeexperienceintheirchildhoodmeantthattheybecameobsessedwithcalendarsandwhat happenedtothem," saysPatihis.超級(jí)自傳休記憶K)(但是，不是每一個(gè)有幻想傾向的人都能發(fā)展出 “ "'所以帕特西斯認(rèn)為一定存在某些東超級(jí)自傳休記憶”西在觸發(fā)他們不?；貞涍^(guò)去。情，＂帕特希斯說(shuō)。

也許他們童年時(shí)代的 某些經(jīng)歷使得他們著迷于日歷和發(fā)生在他們身上事——PAGE——PAGE15L )(42eolewith HSAM I've interviewed would certainl areethatitcanbeamixed blessin . Ontheplusside, itallows youtorelive themosttransformative andenriching experiences. Veiseh, forinstance, travelled lotinhisyouth.In hissparetime, hevisited thelocal artgalleries, andthepaintings arenowlodged deepinhisautobiographical memories.)(2)我采訪(fǎng)過(guò)的擁有 A者 們都會(huì)贊同這種能力福禍相依。 好的方面是它可以給人最具變化及最豐完整的經(jīng)歷。 比如維瑟，他年輕的時(shí)候去了很多地方旅游。 空閑時(shí)間就去參觀(guān)當(dāng)?shù)孛佬g(shù)館，有關(guān)那些畫(huà)的記憶已經(jīng)深深扎根于他的自傳式回憶中。being able toremember every painting, o