定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)要講解

主語(yǔ)（subject）：表示句子所說(shuō)的是“誰(shuí)”或“什么事物”，一般由名詞，代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)

例句1：MysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.

例句2：StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.謂語(yǔ)（predicate）:說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”，“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)例句1：StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.

例句2：Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.賓語(yǔ)（object）：賓語(yǔ)一般用在及物動(dòng)詞的后面，表示動(dòng)作，行為的對(duì)象，一般由名詞，代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)例句1：Twoyearsago,sheboughtanexpensivemountainbike.

例句2：Somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.定語(yǔ)（attribute）:用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞，常放在名詞前面，也可以放在后面（稱后置定語(yǔ)），定語(yǔ)一般由形容詞，代詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)例句1：Twoyearsago,sheboughtanexpensivemountainbike.

例句2：Somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）:用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞，一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，目的，方式，程度，原因或結(jié)果等。例句1：Twoyearsago,sheboughtanexpensivemountainbike.例句2：Somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.

例句3：Tomdidn,tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（complement）：一般分為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用

例句1：Theycameback,coldandhungry.例句2：Thehuntercaughtthetigeralive.表語(yǔ)（predicative）：表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，狀態(tài)等，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)一般與連系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，常用的連系動(dòng)詞有：be(am/is/are;was/were)

狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞look,feel,smell,sound,taste感官系動(dòng)詞keep,remain,stay,stand,lie持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞（意為保持）become,get,go,grow,turn變化系動(dòng)詞appear,seem表像系動(dòng)詞（意為看起來(lái)像）prove,turnout終止系動(dòng)詞（意為結(jié)果是）

例句1：Mynameis

Wangkun.

例句2：Halfamillionpigsandmillionsofchickenswere

dead.

例句3：Leavesturn

yellowinautumn.

1.Mybrotherhasbecomeadoctor.2.Theseflowerssmellfragrant.(fragrant:芳香的)基本句型一：主+系+表

1.Everybodylaughed.

2.Thechildrenaresleeping.基本句型二：主+謂在“主+謂”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是不及物動(dòng)詞（IntransitiveVerb）

1.Iwantaticket.

2.Liverpool(利物浦隊(duì))wonthegame.基本句型三：主+謂+賓在“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是及物動(dòng)詞(TransitiveVerb)，隨后須跟賓語(yǔ)。

1.Marylentmeherpen.

2.Isenthimatelegram.(telegram:電報(bào))基本句型四：主+謂+賓+賓

1.Wemadehimourmonitor.

2.Theypaintedthewallspink.基本句型五：主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)1.Thewaterroseandfell.2.Thechickentastesgood.3.Sheanswerdthequestion.4.Theyelectedhimpresident.(elect:選舉)5.Myparentsgavemeabirthdaypresent.

主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)主+謂+賓+賓WhoisSunWukong?ThemanwhoholdsthegoldencudgelisSunWukong.WhoisTangMonk?ThemanwhositsonawhitehorseisTangMonk.

1.ThemanwhoholdsthegoldencudgelisSunWukong.

2.ThemanwhositsonawhitehorseisTangMonk.定語(yǔ)從句：起定語(yǔ)作用，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句往往用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。

1.Doyouknowtheman____________wasinjuredintheaccident?2.Theboy__________wejustsawisthemonitorofClassThree.修飾人修飾物修飾人或物主語(yǔ)whowhichthat賓語(yǔ)whom(口語(yǔ)中可用who,可省)which(可省)that(可省)定語(yǔ)whose(或ofwhom)whose(或ofwhich)who/that（關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)）whom/that（關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)）

1.Maryisdrivingacar___________cantravel160kilometersanhour2.Hehasnotfoundthemobile___________helostlastweek.修飾人修飾物修飾人或物主語(yǔ)whowhichthat賓語(yǔ)whom(口語(yǔ)中可用who,可省)which(可省)that(可省)定語(yǔ)whose(或ofwhom)whose(或ofwhich)which/that（關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)）which/that（關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)，可省略）

1.Areyouthegentleman_________umbrellaIborrowedyesterday.2.Nobodywantsthehouse_______roofhasfallenin.修飾人修飾物修飾人或物主語(yǔ)whowhichthat賓語(yǔ)whom(口語(yǔ)中可用who,可省)which(可省)that(可省)定語(yǔ)whose(或ofwhom)whose(或ofwhich)whose（關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)）whose（關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)）1.Theman__________isshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.2.Thisisthescientist________nameisknownallovertheworld.3.Theteacher___________youarewaitingforiscoming.4.Guilinisacity__________hasahistoryof2,000years.who/thatwhosewhom/thatwhich/that只能用that而不用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況。1.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

Thisisthemostdeliciousfood_______Ihaveeverhad.2.先行詞是不定代詞，all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing,none等時(shí)

All_______canbedonehasbeendone.3.先行詞被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時(shí)

Theonlything_______shecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.4.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)

Sometimesweshouldignorethepersonsandthings_______upsetus.5.當(dāng)主句是以who,which開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)

Whichofthebooks______youboughtisthemostuseful？只能用which而不用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況。1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)Football,_______isveryinteresting,isplayedallovertheworld.2.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。Thisisthehousein_______MoYanoncelived.3.當(dāng)先行詞本身就是that時(shí)That_______youtoldhimaboutiswhatwewanttoknow.4.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，如果有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一句的關(guān)系詞是that,那么另外一句的關(guān)系詞就需用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrary________wasnewlyopen.只能用who而不用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況1.先行詞是指人的不定代詞時(shí)，如one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,none等

Sheistheone______comesfromStockholm.2.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時(shí)Thereisayounglady_____isinastateofshock.3.一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個(gè)宜用who.Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleader______studiesveryhard.將下列句子合并成一句話1.Iwillneverforgettheday.Wefirstmetontheday.2.Theschoolisnotfarfromhere.Theyareworkingintheschool.3.Hedidn,tgivethereason.Hecamesoearlyforthereason.Iwillneverforgettheday_________wefirstmet.whenIwillneverforgetthedayon________wefirstmet.