英語四級閱讀理解習題1

UnitoneAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbal

ElementarySchoolsinearlyAmericathinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugene

Fergusonhaspointedout,*'Atechnologistthinksaboutobjects

Whataccountsfortheareatoutburstofmaiorinventionsinthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;

earlvAmerica--breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thetheyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.

steamboatandtheweavingmachine?Thedesignerandtheinventorareabletoassembleand

Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthemanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.',

country'sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatThisnonverbal"spatial"thinkingcanbejustascreativeas

welcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumspaintingandwriting.robertfultononcewrote,"Themechanic

toinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,shouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,

"spatial*'thinkingaboutthingstechnological.likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthem

Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangement

schoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandtransmitsanewidea.',

MiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinWhenalltheseshapingforces--schools,openattitudes,the

arithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.premiumsystem,ageniusforspatialthinking--interactedwith

AcuteforeianobserversrelatedamericanadaptivenessandoneanotherontherichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthat

inventivenesstothiseducationaladvantaae.Asamemberofaamericancharacteristic,emulation.Todaythatwordimplies

Britishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,nWithamindmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlvbut

preparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboycompetitivestrivin。forfameandexcellence.

developsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman

Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe''premium"inventionn.1.發(fā)明,發(fā)明物2.捏造，虛構

system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsraninventorn.發(fā)明家，發(fā)明者

parallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offered［聯(lián)想詞］

inventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.inventoryn.1.詳細目錄2.存貨清單

IntheUnitedStates,maltitudesofpremiumsfornewdevices

wereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinbreakthhroughn.1.突圍，突破2.重大成就，驚人發(fā)現(xiàn)

majorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenew［聯(lián)想詞］

machinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceofbreakdownn.1.垮臺，破裂2.衰竭，衰弱3.損壞，故障4.分類

technologicaladvance.

Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,the

premiumn.1.保險金2.額外費用3.獎品，贈品，額外津貼incentiven.刺激，鼓勵

a.1.高級的，優(yōu)質的2.售價高的

［聯(lián)想詞］maltituden.1.大量，許多2.大眾，民眾

subsidyn.津貼，補貼

ambiguousa.引起歧義的,模式棱兩可的，含糊不清的

verbala.1.口頭的2.用言辭的，用文字的［聯(lián)想詞］

［聯(lián)想詞］indefinitea.1.不明確的,含糊的2.無限期的

vocala.發(fā)聲的，嗓音的exdplicita.1.明確的，明晰的;詳述的2.直言的，毫不隱瞞的，露骨的

spatiala.空間的，與空間有關的manipulatevt.1.操縱，控制，影響2.操作，使用

literacyn.識字,有文化，讀寫能力levern.1.杠桿2.途徑，工具，手段

literatea.1.有讀寫能力的2.有文化修養(yǎng)的vt.撬動，撬起

stimulusn.1.促進2.刺激wedgen.楔（子）vt.把...楔入，塞入

［聯(lián)想詞］［聯(lián)想詞］

provocationn.1.挑釁，挑撥2.刺激，激怒grooven.溝，槽

provocativea.1.挑釁的，煽動的2.刺激的hingen.較鏈

precedevt.在…之前，先于interactvi.相互作用，相互影響

precedentn.1.先例，范例，判例2.慣例

emulationn.1.競賽，競爭2.仿效，仿真

patentn.專利,專利權

a.專利（權）的,受專利保護的imitationn.1.模仿2.仿制，仿制品3.鷹品

vt.得到…的專利權

strivevi.努力，奮斗，力求

originatevi.起源于，來自，產生

sculpturen.1.雕刻，雕塑2.雕刻作品,雕塑品

vt.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)始，開創(chuàng)

［聯(lián)想詞］

［聯(lián)想詞］

.切，把…切碎.雕刻，刻

commencev.開始carvevt.12

engravevt.1.在…上雕刻2.使銘記,使牢記

statuen.雕像，塑像UnitTwo

bustn.1.胸像,半身像2.胸部，胸圍FightAgainYouthSmoking

marblen.1.大理石Threeyearsago,appalledbyhowmanychildrenwere

becomingaddictedtocigaretteseveryyear,theVicePresident

diploman.畢業(yè)文憑，畢業(yè)證書，資格證書andIcommittedthisadministrationtostoppingthesaleand

［聯(lián)想詞］marketingofcigarettestochildren.Today,thankstothese

diplomatn.1.外交官，外交家2.有交際手段的人，圓滑的人effortsandthepersistenceofstateattorneysgeneral,the

publichealthcommunity,andleadersinCongress,wehavethe

perpetuala.1.永久的，永恒的,長期的2.無休止的，沒完沒了的bestopportunityevertopasscomprehensiveanti-smoking

legislationthatwellsavemillionsofourchildrenfroma

premature,painful,andverypreventabledeath.

Thisweek,inahistoricandresounding19to1vote,akey

Senatecommitteegaveitsstampofapprovaltocomprehensive

legislationsponsoredbySenatorJohnMcCain,aRepublican,

andSenatorFritzHollings,aDemocrat,thatwouldcutyouth

smokingbyhalfoverthenextdecade.Thisbillrepresentsa

dramaticstepforward.11wouldraisethepriceofcigarettes,

givetheFDAfullauthoritytoregulatetobaccoproducts,ban

advertisingaimedatchildren,andprotecttobaccofarmers.

Westillhaveworktodointhislegislation.Aboveall,we

needtoputinplacetouqhpenaltiesthatwillcostthetobacco

industryifitcontinuestosellcigarettestovounqoeople.Just

thisweektheCentersforDiseaseControlreleasedadisturbing

reportthatmorethanathirdofteenagersintheUnitedStates

nowsmoke,eventhoughit'sillegal.

11istimetoholdtobaccocompaniesaccountable.

Reducidnqvouthsmokinqmustbeveervbodv'sbottomline.

Let'sremember--thisisnotaboutpoliticsormoney,orseeking

revengeagainstthetobaccoindustryforpastpractices.We're

nottryingtoputthetobaccocompaniesoutofbusiness;welegislationn.1.法律，法規(guī)2,立法的，法律的制定

wanttoputthemoutofthebusinessofsellingcigarattestokids.［聯(lián)想詞］

Thisweek'sprogressintheSenateshowswehavereallegitimatea.1.合情合理的2.合法的，法律認可的

momentuminbothpartiestodojustthat.judiciala.1.司法的，法庭的,審判的2.明斷的,公正的

There'restillmalyissuestobeworkedoutandmanylongsuevi.1.控告，起訴2.要求，請求vt.控告，起訴

nightsahead.Butwehavewithinourgrasponeofthemostprosecutevt.1.對...提起公訴，告發(fā)，檢舉2.繼續(xù)從事vi.起訴，告發(fā)

importantpublichealthvictoriesournationhaseverachieved.defendantn.被告

Finally,litmejustpauseamomenttoobservethe30thinvalida.1.無效的，作廢的2.無可靠依據(jù)的n.病弱者，殘疾者

anniversaryofthedeathofoneofAmerica'sgreatestheroes,Dr.testifyvi.1.作證，證明2.表明，說明vt.作證，證明

MartinLutherKing.Hisdream,deeplyrootedintheAmericantestimonyn.1.證詞2.見證，證明

Dream,isadreamforallAmericans.Letushereathomealways

strivetoheedDr.Kina'swordsandliveUDtohisleaacv.prematurea.1.比預期時間早是2.不成熟的,倉促的

----------BillClinton

authorityn.1.權力,管轄權2.官方，當局3.當權者,行政管理機構4.權威，專

appallvt.使驚駭，使大吃一驚家

［聯(lián)想詞］authoritativea.1.權威性的,可信的2.專斷的，命令式的

terrifyvt.使害怕，使驚嚇authorizevt.授權，批準

outragevt.激起…的義憤，激怒［聯(lián)想詞］

n.1.義憤，憤慨2.暴行，駭人聽聞的事件definitivea.1.最可靠的，權威性的2.決定性的

addictn.1.有癮的人2.入迷的人accountablea.負起責任的

vt.使成癮，使入迷

［聯(lián)想詞］revengen.報復，報仇

cocainen.可卡因

momentumn.1.動力，沖力，勢力2.動量

toxica.有毒的，中毒引起的

［聯(lián)想詞］

persistenta.1.堅持不懈的,執(zhí)意的2.持續(xù)的impetusn.1.推動，促進，刺激2.推動力

persistencen.1.堅持不懈，執(zhí)意2.持續(xù)性，持續(xù)狀態(tài)

［聯(lián)想詞］strivevi.努力，奮斗，力求

stubborna.1.頑固的，執(zhí)拗的,倔強的2.難對付的，難于克服的

heedvt.留心，注意，聽從UnitThree

BeautyIsMeaningless

legencyn.遺贈的財物，遺產Ayoungmanseesasunsetand,unabletounderstandorto

expresstheemotionthatitrousesinhim,concludesthatit

deadlya.1.致死的，致命的2.不共戴天的，殊死的3.極度的,十足的ad.非常,mustbethegatewaytoaworldthatliesbeyond.11isdifficult

極度地］foranvofusinmomentsofintenseaestheticexperienceto

［聯(lián)想詞］resistthesuggestionthatwearecatchingaqlirrwseofaliqht

drastica.1.極端的，嚴厲的2.激烈的,迅猛的thatshinesdowntousfromadifferentrealmofexistence,

differentand,becausetheexperienceisintenselvmovinq,in

epidemicn.1.流行病2.流傳，流行a.流行性的，流傳極廣的

someWQVhigher.And,thoughthegleamsblindanddazzle,yet

lurevt.吸引，引誘，誘惑

theydoconveyahintofbeautyandserenitygreaterthanwe

haveknownorimagined.Greatertoothanwecandescribe,for

language,whichwasinventedtoconveythemeaningsofthis

world,cannotreadilybefittedtotheusesofanother.

ThatallqreatarthasthisDowerofsuqqestinqaworld

beyondisundeniable.Insomemoods.Naturesharesit.There

isnoskyinJunesobluethatitdoesnotpointforwardtoabluer,

nosunsetsobeautifulthatitdoesnotwakenthevisionofa

greaterbeauty,awisionwhichpassesbeforeitisfullyglimpsed,

andinpassingleavesanindefinablelingingandregret.But,if

thisworldisnotmerelyabadjoke,lifeavulgarflareamidthe

coolradianceofthestars,andexistenceanemptylaugh

brayingacrossthemysteries,iftheseintimationsofa

somethingbehindandbeyondarenotevilhumourbornof

indigestion,orwhimsiessentbythedeviltomockandmadden

us,if,inaword,beautymeanssomething,yetwemustnot

seektointerpretthemeaning.Ifweqlinwsetheunutterable,it

isunwisetotrvtoutterit,norshouldweseektoinvestwith

significancethatwhichwecannotqrasD.Beautyintermsofour

humanmeaningsismeaningless.

intensea.1.強烈的，劇烈的,緊張的2.認真的,專注的3.熱情的,熱切的bizarea.怪誕的，奇形怪狀的

intensifyv.（使）增強,（使）加劇weirda.1.古怪的，離奇的2.怪誕的，神秘可怕的

aesthetica.1.美學的，審美的2.悅目的,雅致的mockvt.1.嘲笑，嘲弄2.（為了取笑）模仿vi.嘲笑，嘲弄

a.1.模擬的，學習的2.假的，假裝的

gleamvi.1.閃亮，閃爍2.閃現(xiàn)，流露n.1.閃光，閃亮2.閃現(xiàn)，流露

［聯(lián)想詞］

sparklevi.1.發(fā)光，閃耀，閃爍2.活躍，煥發(fā)n.1.發(fā)光，閃耀，閃爍2.活力，生氣

glittervi.閃閃發(fā)光，閃耀n.閃光，燦爛的光輝2.耀眼，輝煌

dazzlevt,使眩目n.1.耀眼的光2.令人贊嘆的東西

serenityn.1.平靜，安詳2.晴朗，明朗

denialn.1.否認2.拒絕

undeniablea.不可否認的

vulgara.1.粗野的，下流的2.庸俗的,粗俗的

［聯(lián)想詞］

boscenea.1.淫穢的，下流的2.可憎的,可惡的

flarevi.1.（火焰）閃耀2.突發(fā)，突然發(fā)怒n.閃光信號,照明彈

［聯(lián)想詞］

eruptvi.1.（火山等）噴發(fā)2.（戰(zhàn)爭等）爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生

ignitevt.點燃，引發(fā)

radianta.1.容光煥發(fā)的，喜形于色的2.光芒四射的，光輝燦爛的3.輻射的

［聯(lián)想詞］

radiatev.1.發(fā)出（光或熱），輻射2.流露，顯示

radioactivea.放射性的，有輻射的

brayvi.1.（驢）叫2.以響而粗的聲音說（或笑）

whimsyn.1.怪念頭，離奇的想法2.稀奇古怪

［聯(lián)想詞］

Ifmiservlovesconwanv,sodosiortsfans.Dr.LeonMann

UnitFour

documentedthisseveralyearsagowhen,asaHarvard

WaitinginLine

professor,hestudiedthelongovernightqueuesforticketsto

TheBritishqueueupandtheAmericanswaitinline,except

ballgamesinhisnativeAustralia.

forNewYorkers,whowaitonline.Nooneseemstoknowthe

"Outsidethestadiumsomethingofacarnivalatmosphere

reasonforthislocalidiom.11is

prevails,MhewroteinTheAmericanJournalofSociology."The

somethingtoponderwhilewaitingin/online.

devoteessing,sipwarmdrinks,playcardsandhuddle

Anotherthingtoponder:11isestimatedthatAmericans

together."

spednduptofiveyearsoftheirlivesinthattedious,wearybut

Liketheteamstheyhadcometowatch,thefansinlinetook

unavoidableprocessknownaswaiting.Studiesshowthat

timeouts.Someworkedinshifts,withcertainmembersleaving

otherwiserationalpeopleactirrationallywhenforcedtostand

totakenapsoreatmeals,whileotherssavedtheirplacesinline.

inlineorwaitincrowds,evenbecomingviolent.

Somestakedclaimsinlinewithitemsofpersonalpropertysuch

Queuesarsaarimrealitvofcitvlife.Whilethereseemsto

assleepingbagsandfoldingchairs."Duringtheearlyhoursof

benoconsensusonthecity'sworstline,theonesmentioned

waiting,'1Dr.Mannnoted,nthequeuesoftenconsistedofone

mostoftenintalkshereandtherewerelunchtimelinesat

partpeopletotwopartsinanimateobjects."

banksandpostofficesand,amongyoungerpeople,movielines

NobodyhaseverseriouslystudiedHelenQuinn'sSaturday

andcollege-registrationlines.

morninglineforMetropolitanOperatickets,butperhaps

"Banklines,"saidMarkSloane,aninvestor."Nomatter

someoneshould--MissQuinnisnotanofficialattheMet.

whattimeofdayyoubank,thenumberoftellersisinadequate

For15yearsstandeesattheoperahavebeendoingjust

tothenumberofpatrons.Evenwhenthebankisopenyousee

that,thankstoMissQuin'sticketingsystem.Shemakes,

longlinesinfrontofthemoneymachinesoutside.*'

datesandnumbershertickets--oneforeachofthe175

"Supermarkets/'saidEdFrantz,agraphicartist,whoonce

standingroomspotsavailable--anddispensesthemtoearly

abandonedafullshoppingcartinthemiddleofalongcheckout

birds.Assuredofaplace,ticketholdersthenleaveandreturn

line.11wasnotapoliticalact."Thelinewasfilledwithcoupon

shortlybefore8A.M.tolineupfortherealtickets.

clippersandcheckwriters,"herecalled."AndsuddenlyIhadto

walkaway.Foodnolongermaltered."

idiomn.1.習語，成語2.風格，特色

Inanylinethefundamentalruleisfirstcome,firstserved,

orwhatdsocialscientistscall"distributivejustice.*'Excentionsponderv.思索，考慮，沉思

mavbemade,sav,infancvrestaurantswheretheheadwaiters［聯(lián)想詞］

havetheirfavorites,but,inaeneral,theruleprevails.contemplatevt.1.盤算，計議2.思量，周密考慮3.注視，凝視

wearya.1.疲勞的，疲倦的2.使疲勞的，令人厭倦的vi.厭倦的，不耐煩inanimatea.1.無生命的，非動物的2.無生氣的,單調的

［聯(lián)想詞］

metropolitana.大城市的，大都會的

tiresomea.令人疲勞的，令人厭倦的

dispensevt.1.分配，分發(fā)2.配（藥），發(fā)（藥）3.實施，執(zhí)行

grima.1.討厭的，糟糕的2.嚴厲的3.嚴酷的,無情的

［聯(lián)想詞］

consensusn.［單］（意見等）一致,一致同意dispersevi.1.分散，散開2.消散，消失vt.1.使分散，趕散2.使消散，驅散

patronn.1.資助人，贊助人2.老主顧，顧客

resentvt.對…表示忿恨，怨恨

graphica.1.生動的，形象的2.繪畫的，文字的,圖表的

couponn.1.禮券，優(yōu)惠券2.配券，票證

clipn.1.夾子，回形針，別針2.彈夾，彈倉3.剪，修剪4.剪報，電影片斷

vt.（clipped;clipping）1.夾住，扣住2.剪，修剪3.削減，縮短

［聯(lián)想詞］

clampn.夾頭，夾具，夾鉗vt.（用夾具等）夾緊，固定

prevailvi.1.流行，盛行2.獲勝，占優(yōu)勢3.說明，勸說，誘使

prevalenta.流稈的，普遍的

miseryn.1.痛苦，苦惱，苦難2.悲慘的境遇，貧苦

carnivaln.1.表演會2.慶祝，歡宴3.狂歡節(jié)

［聯(lián)想詞］

feastn.1.盛宴，筵席2.節(jié)日

sociologyn.社會學

sipv.（sipped,sippig）小口地喝，抿，呷n.小口喝

huddlevi.1.聚集在一起2.把身子蜷成一團vt.使聚集在一起

n.擠在一起的人，一堆雜亂的東西

UnitFivethefirsttimetheUSAhadeverlostanOlympicbasketball

AggressivePatriotisminSportsmatch.TheAmericanplayersthenvotednottoreceivethe

silvermedals.

SomeDeoDlebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesIncidentsofthis