清明?？继赜?xùn)practicetest2筆記

Section Theprovincehaslongclaimedtobejustanotherdeveloregion,evenasitseconomy thoseofotherregionsand取正（itseconomy）threatenstoeclipsetherestofthecountrycombined.Manycreativephotographersweredelightedtofindininstant賓語(yǔ)倒置photographyamodethatencouragethemtostop取反viewingphotography and（themto）startviewingitassomething（that）theycouldhandlewithspontaneity,（選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有反義詞）evenderision（嘲egalitarianautonomousTheauthor’sbest-sellingbookonVirginiaWoolfisnot ofhersubject;onthecontrary不取反，而是對(duì)前一句的強(qiáng)調(diào)遞進(jìn),Blank

portraitofthenovelist,faultsandBlankanidealized理想化 D.anacomprehensive廣泛 E.aslapdash草率acompelling吸引人 F.anerudite博學(xué)eg：sheisnotbeautiful,onthecontrary,sheisDespitethefactthat同位語(yǔ)從句thebookpromisesacompleterethinking重新思考o(jì)fthefactorscontributingtothe ,thepicturethatthebookpaintsis(i)c:inidentifyingcause,itismoreorthodoxthan(ii)e.LessAthanBAB取反=notAbutB Obscure不清 Detailed細(xì)節(jié) E.revisionist修正 Thetradeinscientificlitureinnineteenth-centuryGermanywassorobustthatpublishersconstantlyworriedabout(i)bofnewtitles,同位語(yǔ)ananxietythatgaveevenrelativelyundistinguishedauthorswhomadetheirlivingwritingtechnicaltreatises,(ii)f. Dlimitedpublicrelevance Eenviablescholarlycredentials可行的學(xué)術(shù) F.strongbargainingpositions討價(jià)還價(jià)地位trade對(duì)應(yīng)Severalstudies(i)ctheassumptionthatpapercups,because取+theyweremadeofnaturalproducts,weremoreenvironmentally(ii)dthancupsmadeofstic(polystyrene).Indeed取+,thesestudiesindicatedthattheenvironmental(iii) hofproducingandrecyclingpapercupsweresimilarto,if即使notmorethan,thoserelatedtotheproduction,disposal,andrecyclingofpolystyrenecups. D. G.exploited開(kāi)發(fā)利 E. H.costs成 I.Question7and8arebasedonthisIn1755BritishwriterSamuelJohnsonpublishedanacerbiclettertoLordChesterfieldrebuffinghispatronfor（為了）neglectinganddecliningsupport.Johnson’srejectionofhispatron’sbelatedassistancehasoftenbeenidentifiedasakeymomentinthehistoryofpublishing,markingtheendofthecultureofpatronage.只，不贊助。However,patronagehadbeenindeclinefor50tears,yetwouldsurvive,inattenuatedform,foranother50years.Indeed,Johnsonwasin1762awardedapension（，還是一種贊助）bytheCrown—asubtleformofsponsorship,tantamount相當(dāng)于tostatepatronage.TheimportanceofJohnson’sletterisnotsomuchhistoricalasemotional;it eatouchstone試金石forallwhorepudiatedpatronsandforallwhoembracedthelawsofthemarketce.notsomuchAasBATheauthorofthepassagementionsJohnson’s1762pensionawardinorderafter1755說(shuō)反了provideevidenceforageneraltrendinthelaterhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyofprivatepatronage’sbeingrecedbystatesponsorship.私人贊助被國(guó)家贊助替代沒(méi)有提到situatedthedebateovertheendofpatronagewithinthewiderrealmofeighteenth-century沒(méi)有放到更廣闊的環(huán)境中suggestthatJohnson’slettertoChesterfieldwasnoticedbythecrownonlyyearsaftertoLordChesterfieldWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofhighlightedsentenceinthecontextofthepassageasawhole?贊助在however之前ItpointsoutthemostobviousimplicationsofJohnson’slettertohispatron說(shuō)反了ItsuggestsamotivationforJohnson’srejectionofChesterfield’sItprovidesinformationthatqualifies限制theassertionthatJohnson’slettersharplydefinedtheendofapublishingera行業(yè)的結(jié)束ItprovidesapossibledefenseforChesterfield’sallegedneglectofItrefusesthenotionthatpatronsarefoundprimarilyamongthe“BluesisforsingingwritesfolkmusicologistPaulOliverand“isnotaformoffolksongthatstandsupparticularlywellwhenwrittendown.”用來(lái)唱的，而不是民樂(lè)形式，寫不出來(lái)。Apoetwhowantstowritebluescanattempttoavoidthisproblembypoeticizingtheform寫成詩(shī)的形式—butlirybluestendtoreadlikebadpoetryratherthanlikerefinedfolksong.ForOliverthetruespiritofthebluesinevitablyeludes（escape）theself-conscious不能寫）LangstonHughes,他將寫成了詩(shī)，還寫的非常好thefirstwritertograpplewiththesedifficultiesofbluepoetryinfactsucceededinproducingpoemsthatcapturethequalityofgenuine,performedblueswhileremainingeffectiveaspoems.Ininventingbluespoetry,Hughessolvedtwoproblems:first,howtowriteblueslyricsinsuchawaythattheyworkontheprintedpage,andsecond,howtoexploitthebluesformpoeticallywithoutlosingallsenseofauthenticity.用詩(shī)歌的形式也不丟失Therearemanystylesofblues,butthedistinctionofimportancetoHughesis(localtalents民樂(lè)的表演者（位置一一對(duì)應(yīng)）versus（vs對(duì)應(yīng)）touringprofessionals),patronage(localcommunityversusmassaudience),creation(improvised即興的versuscomposed),andtransmission(oral同義替換colloquialversuswritten).Ithasbeenacommonce一定會(huì)！aongcriticsthatHughesadoptedtheclassicbluesastheprimarymodelforhisbluespoetryandthathewriteshisbestbluespoetrywhenhetriesleasttoimitatethefolkblues.模仿經(jīng)典時(shí)會(huì)寫出好的Inthisview,Hughesattempttoimitatethefolkbluesaretooself-conscioustoodeterminedtoromanticizetheAfricanAmericanexperience,toointentonreproducingwhathetakestobethequainthumorandna?vesimplicityofthefolkbluestobesuccessfulToo…to太…以至于不…..句意：H太過(guò)于刻意，以至于模仿不好Butamorerealisticviewisthatbyconveyinghisperceptionsasafolkoughtto—throughanaccumulationofdetailsoverthespanofhisoeuvreratherthanbyoverloadingeachpoemwithquaintnessandna?vety天真—Hughesmadehismostimportantcontributionstothegenre（folkbut）Hisbluespoemsareinfactcloserstylisticallytothefolkbluesonwhichhemodeledthemthantothecultivatedclassicblues.ArnoldRampersadhasobservedthatvirtuallyallofthepoemsinthe1927collectioninwhichHughesessentiallyoriginatedbluespoetryfalldeliberativelywithintherangeofutnce”ofcommonfolk.folk的口頭（folk的特征）表達(dá)的Thissurelyappliesto“YoungGal’sBlues,”（folk的作品）inwhichHughesavoidstheconventionally=classicallypoeticlanguageandimages避免thatthesubjectsofdeathandlovesometimeselicitinhisordinarylyricpoetry.ToseewhatHughes’bluespoetrymighthavebeenlikeifhehadtrulyadoptedtheclassicbluesashismodel,oneneedonlylookto“GoldenBrownBlues,”（classic的作品）asonglyricHugheswroteforcomposerW.C.Handy.Itsimages,allusions,anddiction措辭areconspicuouslyremotefromthecommon“rangeofutnce.”folkTheprimarypurposeofthepassageisdescribetheinfluenceoffolkandclassicbluesonbluespoetryyzetheeffectofAfricanAmericancultureonbluespoetry沒(méi)有文demonstratethatthelanguageusedinHughesbluespoetryiscolloquial口頭化的這只是細(xì)節(jié)defendHughesbluespoetryagainstcriticismthatitisderivativeH的藍(lán)調(diào)詩(shī)歌是的沒(méi)有提到refuteanacceptedviewofHughesbluespoetrystyle2、3Theauthorofthepassageusesthehighlightedquotationprimarilyindicatehowbluespoetryshouldbeperformedhighlightedthedifficultiesfacedbywritersofbluessupporttheideathatbluespoetryisagenredoomedtofailillustratetheobstaclesthatbluespoetryisunableto eLH克服了困suggestthatwrittenformsofbluesarelessauthenticthansungblues沒(méi)有提Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,ascomparedwiththelanguageof“GoldenBrownBluesclassic,”thelanguageof“YoungGal’sbluesfolk”ismoremoremarkedbymoremoretypicalofclassicbluessongAccordingtothepassage,Hughes’bluespoetryfolkandclassicbluesaresimilarinwhichofthefollowingways?BothareimprovisedfolkBotharewrittenBothareintendedforthesameaudienceNeitherusescolloquiallanguagefolkNeitherisprofessionallyWritingaboutadvancesinclimatescienceisoftenproblematic,inpartbecause取+thematerialissoce:climatescienceisthestudyofshifting,interrelated,andsometimesparadoxicalpatterns.depressingAmundaneTherearemanyinsightsintheessayscollectedinObservationsonModernity,buttheyareembeddedinadense（difficulttounderstand）EnglishtranslationofadenseGermanoriginalthatmaymakemanyofthembftomostreaders.vapidD Contrarytocertainrecentysesthatpaintadireportraitofsoillossfromfarmland,anewstudyofsurveyingdatareachingbacktothe1930sshowsthaterosionrateshavebeensteadilyb/e.intensifyingCworsening與F加Thepreliminary ysisbeing,onthewhole,reassuring,取+itsconfirmationwould concernsaboutthedangersoftheproject.exsoothehideQuestion17isbasedonthispassage.Forthefirsttime,fundingfordesigningexperimentstobeconductedduringspaceflightshasbeenmadeavailablebytheernmentspaceprogramtouniversitybiologistsnotalreadyemployedbythespaceprogram.Fromthefactthatlittleinteresthasbeenexpressedinthisoffer,however,itcannotbeconcludedthatvirtuallytheonlybiologistsinterestedinresearchthatsuchexperimentscouldaddressarethosebiologistsalreadyemployedbythespaceprogram,since .“補(bǔ)集”的感覺(jué)，畫一個(gè)文氏圖試試~WhichofthefollowingmostlogicallycompletetheRelativelyfewofthebiologistsalreadyemployedbythespaceprogramhaveeverhelduniversitypositions.TherearemoreresearchbiologistinindustrythanatBiologistsarenottheonlyscientistsinterestedinresearchthatcouldbefurtheredbytheopportunitytoconductexperimentsinspace.沒(méi)有討論生物Thespaceprogramemploysonlyasmallpercentageoftheresearchbiologistsemployedbytheernment.Muchofthebiologicalresearchcurrentlyfundedbytheernment’sspaceprogramisconcernedwiththebiologicaleffectsofaweightlessenvironment.Question18to20arebasedonthisAttemptstoidentifyNewGuinean’shunter-gatherersfacethewell-knowndifficultyofdefiningwhatconstitutesahunter-gathergroup.Accordingtothecommondefinition,hunter-gathersarethosewhosubsistbyhuntingwildanimalsandgatheringwildnts.Yetthosecriteriabeg回避、規(guī)避numerousquestionsincludingtheissueofwhatconstituteswildTheverypresenceonalandscapeofhumanswhoareconsumersaffectsfoodresources,blurringthelinesbetweenwildanddomesticatedand,hencebetweenhuntingandpastoralismandbetweengatheringandcultivationMoreoveritisunclearhowgroupsshouldbeclassifiedthatarehunter-gatherersintheirprocurementstrategiesbutthatmakeuseofpastoralismandcultivationintheirconsumptionpatterns––subsisting,forexample,bytradingwildfoodstoneighborsinreturnfordomesticatedcrops.想要定義是非常難的Theprimarypurposeofthepassageissuggestthattherearenotasmanyhunter-gathersinNewGuineaasiscommonlythought沒(méi)說(shuō)數(shù)量少exinwhyidentifyingNewGuinean’shunter-gathersisnotapointtocertaindifficultiesinestablishingwhatconstituteawildntandawildanimal的一個(gè)例子establishnew,morerelevantcriteriaforwhatconstitutesahunter-gathergroup沒(méi)有說(shuō)建立新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)discusstheimplicationofaninappropriatedefinitionofRecementoftheword“common”withwhichofthefollowingresultsintheLEASTchangeinmeaningtothepassage?tritemutualTheprimarypurposeofthepassageistodefendaparticularargumentfromitscritics.summarizeaparticularscholarlyresolveadebateinaparticularscholarpresentacritiqueofaparticularareaofevaluatetheevidenceusedtosupportanunorthodoxSection2Thisisneitherpraisenorcriticism,neitheracomplimentnoranobservation.anexpositionanelucidationananimadversionaadivination

,Thetheorythatthe1908TunguskaeventwastheexplosionofacosmicbodyintheskyoverSiberiaise:noonehasyetfoundfragmentsoftheobjectoranyimpactcratersintheaffectedregion.usiblepossibleuncontestedBScientistssaidthatcosmologywasthefieldwheretheratiooftheorytodatawasi)btherewasanabundanceoftheories分子變大butalmostnodata分母變小Recentlyhowever拿到句首thatratiohasflipped翻轉(zhuǎn).Ahugeandever-increasingamountofdatahas(ii) alltheoriesbut data變?yōu)榉肿樱瑃heory變?yōu)榉帜窧lank Blank yunknown未知 D.nearly E.alwaysvariable會(huì)變 TheAlexandermosaic混合aRomanworkcomposedofmillionsoftinytiles,hasalmostalwaysbeentakentobeamosaiccopyofanearlierGreekpainting——anattributionbasedsolelyontheassumptionthattheworkofRomanstendedtobe(i) ratherthan(ii) Blank BlankDerivative非D. E.celebrated出名 Fromtimetotimeallscientificdisciplinesencounterobservationsthat定語(yǔ)donotfitthetheoriesoftheday.Atfirstsuchobservationstendtobetreatedas(i)a,but取-thosescientists(ii)ethemsometimesdiscoverthattheyhavetoabandonestablishedprinciplesinordertoaccountforthenewfindings.破舊立新Blank Blankanomalies反 D.aversetoscrutinizing仔細(xì)檢 E.willingto FunabletoacknowledgeTheexperimentaltheater’smembersknowthattheir todigest難.Butnoneofthetechniquesusedwouldbe(ii)eanyonewithaninterestinmusicorfi.Indeedtheywouldseemstrangeonly（）topeoplewhoexpectedtoseetraditionallycraftedys.Theactorstherefore不難feltthattheatercritics’derisivecommentaryshowedonlythatthecritics(iii) ’swork.Blank Blank Blankmadedemands D.contemted G.lambasted斥hadto E.alien H.weresuretoplease滿足 F.intuitivefor I.misunderstood誤3S版本：難；but不難；indeed不難；therefore不難，證明你沒(méi)有理解Whatmakesaworkerantperformoneparticulartaskratherthananother?分工為啥那么明確Fromthe1970stothemid-1980s,researchersemphasizedinternalfactorswithinindividualants,suchaspolymorphism多形態(tài)，形狀不同,thepresenceinthenestofworkersofdifferentshapesandsizes,eachsuitedtoaparticulartask.Otherelementsthenconsideredtohaveprimaryinfluenceuponanant’scareerwereitsage—itmightchangetasksasitgotolder—anditsgenetics.However（后面提出外部因素）,subsequentantresearchershavefocusedonexternalpromptsforbehavior.InadvocatingthisapproachDeborahGordoncitesexperimentsinwhichinterventioninacolony’smakeupperturbedworkeractivity.Byremovingworkersorotherwisealteringthenestconditions,researcherswereabletochangethetasksperformedbyindividualworkers.Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicessepara yandselectallthatapply.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfactorswereconsideredfromthe1970stothemid-1980stoinfluencethedivisionoflaboramongacolony’sworkerants?Ants’inheritedtraitsTheageoftheTheantsexperiencesoutsidethenestForthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicessepara yandselectallthatapply.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatGordonandearlierresearcherswouldagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutworkerants?Disruptionofthenestcanaffectworkers’Geneticspredominatesoverotherfactorsindeterminingaworkerant’sAnindividualworker’staskscanchangeduringitsForthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparayandselectallthatapply.ThelastsentencehaswhichofthefollowingfunctionsintheItexinshowtheexperimentsperformedbyGordondifferedfromthoseperformedbyearlierresearchers.Itjustifies認(rèn)為是正確的themethodologyoftheexperimentscitedbyGordon.文章并沒(méi)有評(píng)論是對(duì)是錯(cuò)ItgivesdetailsshowinghowtheexperimentscitedbyGordonsupportherThispassageisadaptedfrommaterialpublishedinIn1998scientistsusingtheneutrinodetectorinKamioka,Japan,wereabletoobserveseveralthousandneutrinos—elusive,tinysubatomicparticlesmovingatnearlythespeedoflightandpassingthroughalmosteverythingintheirpathTheKamiokafindingshavepotentiallyfar-reachingramificationsTheystronglysuggestthattheneutrinohasmassalbeitaninfinitesimalamountEvenbecauseoftheirvastnumbers.Thefindingsalsosuggestthatagivenneutrinodoesnothaveonestablemassoronestableidentity;insteaditoscillatesfromoneidentityorflavorphysiciststermdescribinghowneutrinosinctwithotherparticles)toanother.Thisoscillationmayexinwhy,althoughtheSunisalargesourceofneutrinosdetectorscapturefarfewersolarneutrinosthanthebesttheoryofsolarphysicspredicts:theneutrinosmaybechangingtoflavorsundetectablebydetectors.變成探測(cè)器探測(cè)不出來(lái)的“味兒”Finally,whilethestandardparticle-physicsmodel—whichdescribesallmatterintermsoftwelvefundamentalparticlesandfourfundamentals—doesnotallowfor考慮到neutrinoswithmass,therearetheoriesthatdo.Furtherexperimentstoconfirmthatneutrinoshavemasscouldhelpphysicistsdeterminewhich,ifany,ofthesetheoriesiscorrect.KTheprimarypurposeofthepassageisevaluatethemeritsofaparticulartheoryinlightofnewdiscussscientists’inabilitytoaccountforcertainunexpectedpointout ingsinalong-standingcompareseveralalternativeexnationsforaparticularphenomenon沒(méi)有considersomeimplicationsofcertainscientificAccordingtothepassage,onesignificantimplicationofthediscoverythatneutrinoshavemassisthatsuchadiscoverywouldcastdoubtonthesolaroriginsofmanyoftheneutrinosthatreachhelptoestablishthevalidityofthestandardparticle-physicsindicatethatmostofthevisiblematteroftheuniverseiscomposedofneutrinos沒(méi)有提到entailthatthetotalweightofallthevisiblematterintheuniverseislessthanthatofalltheneutrinosintheuniverse因?yàn)橹形⒆訑?shù)量大meanthatthespeedwithwhichneutrinosnormallymovecanbeslowedbycertaintypesofmatter沒(méi)有說(shuō)For popularlysupposedtobeattheforefrontofthemedium,theMetropolitanOperahashadan

recordcommissioningnewoperasinrecentdecades.ETS認(rèn)為時(shí)間變了就要有對(duì)timidunpretentious自然的pretentiousWhilenormalfloodsresultingfromusualmonsoonrainfallareEFthegrowthofcrops,recentlytherehasbeenanincreaseinthefrequencyhighintensityfloodsthatdonothavesuch eeffects.deleteriousessentialindispensableto（題目有嗎AllshakerfurnitureimpliesABhumanismindesign:theshakermadeobjectsthatlooklikeobjects,followinganonhumanlawofdesignandrejectingtheunconsciousself-flatteryinherentinanthropomorphicobjects.arejectionB.B.aliberationfrom解放 abeliefanaffinityanattractionAlthoughtheabilitytodetectspeechmelodiesistypically BF ,peoplecanhonethisskillbytakingmusiclesson.可以鍛煉Mayor:Fouryearsago,whenwereorganizedthecitydepartmentinordertosavemoney,criticsclaimedthatthereorganizationwouldmakethelessresponsivetocitizensandwouldthusleadtomorecrime.Thehavecompiledtheftstatisticsfromtheyearsfollowingthereorganizationthatshowthatthecriticswerewrong.Therewasanoveralldecreaseinreportsoftheftsofallkinds,includingsmallthefts.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslychallengesthemayor’sWhencityareperceivedasunresponsive,victimsoftheftarelesslikelytoreporttheftstothe.偷竊發(fā)生了但是由于不負(fù)責(zé)任就沒(méi)有報(bào)案Themayor’scriticsgenerallyagreethatstatisticsconcerningcrimereportsprovidethemostreliableavailabledataoncrimerates.加強(qiáng)了原文Inothercitieswheredepartmentshavebeensimilarlyreorganized,thenumbersofreportedtheftshavegenerallyrisenfollowingreorganizationOthercity無(wú)關(guān)Themayor’sreorganizationofthedepartmentfailedtosaveasmuchmoneyasitwasintendedtosave.Duringthefouryearsimmediayprecedingthereorganization,reportsofDuringthe1920s,mostadvocatesofscientificmanagement,FrederickTaylor’smethodfor izingworkersproductivitybyrigorouslyroutinizingtheirjobs,opposedthefive-dayworkweek.第來(lái)看是短時(shí)工作Althoughscientificmanagersconcededthatreducinghoursmightprovideanincentivetoworkers,inpracticetheymoreoftenusedpaydifferentialstoencouragehigherproductivity.Thosereformerswhowishedtoembracebothscientificmanagementandreducedhourshadtomakealargelynegativecase,portrayingthelatterasanantidotetotherigorsoftheformer.將后段：mostadvocatesofscientificmanagement,5天短，reformerIncontrasttothescientificmanagersHenryFordclaimedthatshorterhoursledtogreaterproductivityandprofitsHoweverfewemployersmatchedeitherFord’svisionorhisspecificinterestinmassmarketingaproduct—autos—thatrequiredleisureforitsuse,andfewunionssucceededinsecuringshorterhoursthroughbargaining.福特確保了短時(shí)工作，但只是個(gè)例。Atits1928convention,theAmericanFederationofLabor(AFL)boastedofapproximay165,000mebersworkingfive-day,40-hourweeks.Butalthoughthisrepresentedanincreaseofabout75,000since1926about70percentofthetotalcamefromfiveextremelywell-organizedbuildingtrades’unions.5Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingclaimsabouttheboastreferredtoinlines12–13?ItisbasedonamistakenestimationofthenumberofAFLworkerswhowereallowedtoworkafive-day,40-hourweekin1928.數(shù)量是真實(shí)的Itcouldcreateamistakenimpressionregardingthenumberofunionsobtainingafive-day,40-hourweekduringthe1920s.Itexaggeratestheextentoftheincreasebetween1926and1928inAFLmembersworkingafive-day,40-hourweek.ItoverestimatesthebargainingprowessoftheAFLbuildingtrades’unionsduringthe1920s.ItisbasedonanoverestimationofthenumberofunionmembersintheAFLin1928.數(shù)字沒(méi)有問(wèn)題Accordingtothepassage,the“reformers”(line5)claimedneitherscientificmanagementnorreducedhourswouldresultinanimprovementintheworkingconditionsofmostworkerstheimp