考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(一)

第頁共頁考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(一)考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(一)Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialpetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeignpetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly。)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarketAmerica'smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadwhichsatattheheartofthenewputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty。Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirineswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingpetitionfromoverseas。Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGover____ent,“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates?！?1.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarⅡbecause_____。[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialpetitors[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican_____。[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride。[B]Intensepetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress。[D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment。14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe____。[A]turningofthebusinesscycle[B]restructuringofindustry[C]improvedbusinessmanagement[D]successineducation名師解析11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarⅡbecause_____。美國在二戰(zhàn)后獲得優(yōu)勢地位是因為_____。[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal。它為該目的付出了艱巨的努力。[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore。它的國內(nèi)市場比以前大八倍。[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialpetitors。戰(zhàn)爭摧毀了大多數(shù)潛在競爭對手的經(jīng)濟。[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy。它無與倫比的勞動力規(guī)模給了經(jīng)濟推動力?！敬鸢浮緾【考點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題?！痉治鯺p】第一段指出，“二戰(zhàn)后，美國就進入了這樣的一個輝煌的歷史時期。它擁有比任何競爭者大八倍的市場，這使其工業(yè)經(jīng)濟規(guī)模前所未有。它的科學(xué)家是世上最優(yōu)秀的，它的工人是技術(shù)最好的。美國及其民眾的富庶是那些經(jīng)濟遭到戰(zhàn)爭破壞的歐洲人和亞洲人連做夢也不敢想的”。因此利用排除法，確定答案是[A]。12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican_____。上個世紀(jì)80年代美國優(yōu)勢地位的喪失可以從美國_______事實中看出來。[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket電視工業(yè)已經(jīng)退到國內(nèi)市場[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)被外國公司接收[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions機床業(yè)已經(jīng)自取____[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket汽車工業(yè)已經(jīng)喪失了局部國內(nèi)市場【答案】D【考點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題?！痉治鯺p】[A]選項錯誤，因為第二段中說“到1987年，美國只剩下Zenith這一家電視消費商。(如今這一家也沒有了：Zenith于7月被韓國LG電器公司收買。)”說明它連國內(nèi)市場也保不住了。[B]選項錯誤，文中第二段最后一句提到，“在一段時間內(nèi)，半導(dǎo)體制造業(yè)似乎要成為下一個受害者”，可是事實上沒有。[C]選項中談到的機床業(yè)已經(jīng)自取____的說法錯誤，因為文中提到機床制造業(yè)“岌岌可?！?ontheropes)，但是還沒有____呢。[D]是適宜的'，因為第二段第六句提到，“進口車和紡織品橫掃國內(nèi)市場”。13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?從本文中可以推斷出哪個選項？[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride。在自我疑心和盲目驕傲之間搖擺是人的本性。[B]Intensepetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress。劇烈的競爭會導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟的開展。經(jīng)濟的復(fù)蘇依靠國際的合作。[D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment。一個長期成功的經(jīng)歷會為進一步的開展鋪平道路?！敬鸢浮緽【考點】推斷題?！痉治鯺p】第三段提到，“所有這一切導(dǎo)致了信心危機。美國人不再視繁榮為理所當(dāng)然之事。他們開場疑心自己的商業(yè)經(jīng)營方式出了問題，也疑心不久他們的收入就會下降。20世紀(jì)80年代中期對美國工業(yè)衰退的原因作了一次又一次的調(diào)查。那些有時聳人聽聞的結(jié)果中充滿著對來自國外的加劇的經(jīng)濟競爭的警告”。第四段提到了“90年代的經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇。其中的含義是：在競爭的壓力下，美國人在80年代產(chǎn)業(yè)構(gòu)造調(diào)整，美國的工業(yè)已經(jīng)改變了構(gòu)造，消除了滯脹，學(xué)會了急智，因此帶來了90年代的經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇”。因此可以得出劇烈的競爭會導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟的開展。另外三個選項都不適宜。14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe____。作者似乎相信美國經(jīng)濟在上個世紀(jì)90年代的復(fù)蘇可以歸結(jié)于____。[A]turningofthebusinesscycle經(jīng)濟周期的轉(zhuǎn)折[B]restruct