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【英語】高考英語閱讀理解專題訓練答案含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1.閱讀理解
Thesummerbeforemydaddied,wemovedhouse.Upuntilthatpoint,ourfamilyhadourownspacetospreadout.Moneywastight,sotherewasnotelevisionset,butweownedaturntableonwhichmydad'srecordsplayedconstantly.Mostly,itplayedBobDylan.TracksfromTheBasementTapesandDesirebecameanimportantpartofournewlife.MybrotherandI,aged8and10,climbedtrees,builthideawaysandlearnedthewordsofClothesLineSaga.Wewouldchantoverthe,lostinourownjoy.
ItwasJanuarywhenmydadleftusforeverbecauseofthecancer.Hewas36goingon37then,thesameageasDylan.Afterwards,ourlaughterdisappeared,butwekeptonplayingtherecords,whichbecameouronlyritualofremembrance.Thetwomenbecamesointertwinedinmyhead,Istruggledtotellthemapart.
Dylanwasmydad'sgifttome.Whatchildwouldn'tbefascinatedbysongsfullofpiratesandseasicksailors?HowdiditfeeltohaveNodirectionhome?Farewell,Angelinabecamemyparty-piece.Iwouldsingthisatchurchcheeseandwinestotheassembledaudience.Alotofdonationsweremade.
Growingup,Iremainedafanofthemusic,butIwasn'tobsessedwithDylanuntilonedayinearly1995,mybrotherboughtusbothticketstoseehimplayatBrixtonAcademy.Londonfeltlikealongwaytogo.ButfinallyseeingDylanstepoutontothestagebroughtasuddenrushofexcitement.
IhaveseenDylanacoupleoftimessince.Mybrotherisnotaroundsomuchthesedays.Buthewasupforavisitrecently.Wepassedahappyeveninglaughinganddrinking,whilehisson,agednine,performedhisparty—pieceSubterraneanHomesickBluesforus.Hesangitword-perfect.Andsoitgoeson:Dylan'smusicasagift,passeddownthegenerations.(1)What'stheauthor'spurposedofwritingthepassage?A.
Topraisehislatefather.
B.
Totellabouthisfamilyhistory.C.
Toexpresshislongingforfamilyreunion.
D.
ToshowhisloveforBobDylan.(2)Theunderlinedword“ritual”inthesecondparagraphmeans“________”.A.
passion
B.
ceremony
C.
memory
D.
belief(3)Howdidtheauthorraisemoneyinhischildhood?A.
BysingingaDylan'ssongatchurchgatherings.
B.
Byprovidingcheeseandwinestochurchprayers.C.
Byplayingaprivateinchurchperformances.
D.
Byacceptingdonationsfromthechurch.(4)Therecentvisitoftheauthor'sbrotherindicatesthat________.A.
hisnephewwaseverinvitedtoplayinDylan'sconcert
B.
hisbrotherhasneverseenaliveperformanceofDylanC.
Dylan'smusichasinfluencedthreegenerationsofhisfamily
D.
SubterraneanHomesickBluesisalwayshisfavouritesong【答案】(1)D(2)B(3)A(4)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文,作者表達自己對BobDylan的愛.BobDylan的音樂影響了很多代人,作者曾經(jīng)在教堂聚會上唱迪倫的歌來籌集錢。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“TracksfromTheBasementTapesandDesirebecameanimportantpartofournewlife.”;第二段中的“wekeptonplayingtherecords,whichbecameouronlyritualofremembrance.”以及第三段中的“Dylanwasmydad'sgifttome.”和最后一段中的“Dylan'smusicasagift,passeddownthegenerations”等信息講述了作者從小到大一直以來對BobDylan的喜歡和熱愛,故選D。(2)考查詞義猜測。此處指父親去世后我們的笑聲消失了,但我們繼續(xù)播放BobDylan的唱片,這成了我們唯一的記憶儀式。“ritual”指儀式,與ceremony同義,故選B。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Iwouldsingthisatchurchcheeseandwinestotheassembledaudience.Alotofdonationsweremade.”可知作者在童年的時候通過在教堂聚會上唱迪倫的歌來籌錢,故選A。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Buthewasupforavisitrecently.Wepassedahappyeveninglaughingandrinking,whilehisson,agednine,performedhisparty—pieceSubterraneanHomesickBluesforus.和Dylan'smusicasagift,passeddownthegenerations.”可知哥哥帶著兒子拜訪BobDylan及兒子演唱他的歌表明BobDylan對作者一家三代人的影響。故選C?!军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查,是一篇文化類閱讀,要求考生根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理,選出正確答案。2.閱讀理解
Anewstudysuggestsalinkbetweenexposuretogreeneryandreduceddesiresforalcoholcigaretteandjunkfood.
Thestudyisthefirsttoinvestigatethepossiblerelationshipsbetweenexposuretonatureanddesiresandnegativeemotions.ResearchersattheUniversityofPlymouth'sSchoolofPsychologysurveyed149respondents(應答者)aged21o65abouttheproportion(比例)ofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood,thepresenceofgreenviewsfromtheirhome,theiraccesstoagardenandhowoftentheyusepublicgreenspace.Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety,aswellasdesiresforthingslikecaffeine,alcoholandnicotine.Participantsratedtheintensity(強度),imagery,andintrusiveness(侵擾性)oftheirdesiresonan11-pointscale.
Researchersfoundthepresenceofvisiblegreenspacecontributedtodecreaseddesiresforjunkfood.Theeffectwasparticularlynoticeablewhenmorethan25percentofarespondent'sviewwasgreenery.
Previousscholarship(學術研究)hasdealtmostlywithexerciseinnature:A2015studyoutoftheUniversityofMichiganfound90-minutegroupnaturewalkswereeffectiveatcombattingdepressionandrelievingothermooddisorders.Butforpeoplewhostrugglewithaccessibilityordon'thavetimefora90-minutewalk,thisnewstudysuggestsjustlookingoutawindowatatreecanhelpfightoffabadhabit.
"Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatbeingoutdoorsinnatureislinkedtoaperson'swell-being,"leadauthorLeanneMartinsaidinastatement."Butfortheretobeasimilarassociationwithdesiresfromsimplybeingabletoseegreenspaceaddsanewdimensiontothepreviousresearch."
A2018studyfromDenmark'sAarhusUniversityforexample,foundthat.Havingaccesstogreenspacethroughoutchildhooddecreasedaperson'sriskofdevelopingmentalhealthproblemsasanadult.(1)Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theresultsofthenewstudy.B.Thepurposeofthenewstudy.C.Thesignificanceofthenewstudy.D.Thecontentofthenewstudy.(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"combatting"inparagraph4probablymean?A.Reducing.B.Developing.C.Understanding.D.Encouraging(3)Accordingtothepassage,thenewstudy_____.A.mainlyreferredtoexerciseinnatureB.hasenrichedthepreviousresearchtosomedegreeC.wascarriedoutbytheUniversityofMichiganD.foundexposuretogreeneryhelpedcurementalproblems(4)nwhichsectionofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A.EntertainmentB.BusinessWorldC.Tech&ScienceD.Environment【答案】(1)D(2)A(3)B(4)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了一項新的研究成果---多看綠色植物和吃垃圾食品這兩者看似風馬牛不相及,可研究結構卻表明它們之間存在著一種奇妙的關系:多看綠色植物能幫助人們克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。(1)考查段落大意。根據(jù)第二段中的
“Researchers…surveyed149respondentsaged21o65abouttheproportionofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood…”研究人員調查了年齡在21~65歲之間的149名參與者小區(qū)內的綠植比例……;以及“Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety…”研究中還問了與抑郁及焦慮有關的問題……等可知,第二段主要介紹了新研究的調查內容,故選D。(2)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)常識可知,在大自然中散步對人體有各種各樣的好處,再結合句中出現(xiàn)的“relievingothermooddisorders(緩解其他情緒紊亂)”不難推斷出,combattingdepression應表示“減輕抑郁”。故選A。(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“…addsanewdimension(方面)tothepreviousresearch”為以前的研究增加了新的方面,可知,新的研究在某種程度上豐富了之前的研究成果。故選B。(4)考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知,本文介紹了一項科學研究的研究成果,所以該文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在“技術與科學”版塊。故選C?!军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解,詞義猜測,推理判斷和段落大意四個題型的考查,是一篇科研類閱讀,要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上,進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系,進行分析,推理,概括和歸納,從而選出正確答案。3.閱讀理解
Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.Theyneedtodomoretopreparefortheside-effects.
Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsocausesnewproblemsthatcouldholdbackthetransition(轉型).
Countriesareremovingcashatvaryingspeeds.InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.Outsidetherichworld,cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsleadingroleisbeingchallenged.InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.
Cashisdyingoutbecauseoftwoforces.Oneisdemand—youngerconsumerswantpaymentsystemsthatplugeasilyintotheirdigitallives.Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)andtelecomscompanies(inemergingones)aredevelopingfast,easy-to-usepaymenttechnologiesfromwhichtheycanpulldataandpocketfees.Thereisahighcosttorunningtheinfrastructurebehindthecasheconomy—ATMs,vanscarryingnotes,tellerswhoacceptcoins.Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.
Inthemain,theprospectofacashlesseconomyisexcellentnews.Cashisinefficient.Whenpaymentsdematerialise,peopleandshopsarelessopentotheft.Italsocreatesacredithistory,helpingconsumersborrow.
Yetsetagainstthesebenefitsareacoupleofworries.Electronicpaymentsystemsmayrisktechnicalfailures,powerfailureandcyber-attacks.Inacashlesseconomythepoor,theelderlyandcountryfolkmaybeleftbehind.Andadigitalsystemcouldletgovernmentswatchoverpeople'sshoppinghabitsandprivatemultinationalsexploittheirpersonaldata.(1)Somerichcountriesaretryingto
.A.
dematerializemoneyB.
getridoftheside-effectsofcashC.
maketheeconomymoreefficientbyprotectingendangeredspeciesD.
promotepaymentwithoutpapermoneyorcoins(2)Inparagraph3,severalcountriesarementionedtoshow
.A.
thedifferencesbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesB.
thatcashisstillkingacrosstheworldC.
digitalpaymentsarebecomingatrendthatcannotbestoppedD.
Chinaisdevelopingfasterthatthosedevelopedcountriesindigitalpayment(3)Cashisdisappearinglargelybecause
.A.
youngerconsumersareshortofmoneytolivetheirdigitallivesB.
suppliersaretryingtoreducecostsandobtainmoneyanddataC.
theinfrastructureisdevelopingatahighspeedindevelopedmarketsD.
financialfirmswanttoabandonold-fashionedcustomers(4)Theauthor'sattitudetowardsdigitalizedpaymentis
.A.
favorable
B.
negative
C.
objective
D.
indifferent【答案】(1)D(2)C(3)B(4)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,富裕國家正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,現(xiàn)金正在因為需求等原因消失??偟膩碚f,無現(xiàn)金經(jīng)濟的未來是個好消息,但是對于電子支付人們也有一些擔憂。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.”可知,富裕國家正競相將支付非物質化;再根據(jù)第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80%。結合上下文,可知某些富裕國家比如瑞典正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,推廣不用紙幣或硬幣的支付方式,也就是電子支付方式。故選D。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”可知在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80%;再根據(jù)“InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.”可知在中國,數(shù)字支付從2012年占所有支付的4%上升到2017年的34%。瑞典和中國的共同點是現(xiàn)金支付減少,電子支付比例上升,由此可推斷作者提到瑞典和中國是為了說明數(shù)字支付正成為一種不可阻擋的趨勢。故選C。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)...Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.”可知現(xiàn)金消失的一個重要原因就是諸如銀行和科技公司(在發(fā)達市場)和電信公司(在新興市場)之類的供應商正在開發(fā)快速,易于使用的支付技術,他們可以從中提取數(shù)據(jù)和小費。運行現(xiàn)金經(jīng)濟背后的基礎架構需要付出高昂的成本,這些基礎設施包括自動取款機,載有紙幣的貨車,接受硬幣的出納員。大多數(shù)金融公司都渴望放棄它,或者以高昂的費用勸阻老式客戶。也就是供應商為了減少成本,獲取數(shù)據(jù)和小費,開發(fā)了更便捷的支付方式,導致現(xiàn)金支付的減少。故選B。(4)考查推理判斷??v觀全文可知,,作者提到無現(xiàn)金支付即電子支付的好處,也提到電子支付引起的擔憂,對待電子支付是客觀的,故選C?!军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查,是一篇科技類閱讀,考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息,并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理,從而選出正確答案。4.閱讀理解
Everybody,atsomepointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.Itcouldbesomethingassimpleasnotgettingthejobyouwanted,orgettingfewermarksevenafterhardwork.Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.
Once,ayoungschoolboywascaughtinafireaccidentinhisschoolandwasassumedthathewouldnotlive.Hismotherwastoldthathewassuretodie,fortheterriblefirehaddestroyedthelowerhalfofhisbody.Evenifheweretosurvive,hewouldbelamethroughouthislife.
Butthebraveboydidnotwanttodienordidhewanttobelame.
Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.Butunfortunatelyfromhiswaistdown,hehadnomotorability.Histhinlegsjusthungthere,lifeless.Eventuallyheleftthehospital.Buthisdeterminationtowalkwasunshakable.Athome,whenhewasnotinbed,hehadtostayinawheelchair.Oneday,hethrewhimselffromthechairandpulledhimselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Hereachedthefence,raisedhimselfupandthenbegandragginghimselfalongthefence,firmlydetermined.Hedidthiseveryday,withfaithinhimselfthathewouldbeabletowalkunaided.Withhisirondetermination,hediddeveloptheabilitytostandup,thentowalkonandoff,thentowalkbyhimselfandthentorun.
Hebegantowalktoschool,andthenruntoschool,torunforthejoyofrunning.Laterincollegehewasonthetrackteam.
InFebruary1934,inNewYorkCity'sMadisonSquareGarden,thisyoungmanwhowasnotexpectedtosurvive,whowouldsurelyneverwalk,whocouldneverhopetorun-thisdeterminedyoungman,Dr.GlennCunningham,rantheworld'sfastestmile.
Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinone'sself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany,andhisstory,abrilliantevidencetohowonecanbouncebackevenwhenalldifficultiesarepiledagainstone,tothedegreethatdeathseemedthepreferableoption.(1)Thefirstparagraphisintendedto________.A.
presentanargument
B.
makepreparationsforstatementC.
arousereaders'interest
D.
functionasabriefintroduction(2)Whatwasthedoctor'sopinionaboutGlenn?A.
Glennwasabletowalkwithhisowngreateffort.B.
GreatdeterminationcouldmakeadifferencetoGlenn.C.
TherewasaslimchancethatGlenncouldsurvive.D.
Glenncouldliveanormallifewiththeupperhalt"ofhisbody.(3)WhatdoweknowaboutGlenn?A.
Glenntookrecoveryexerciseinhospital.
B.
Glenninspiredpeoplewithhismovingstory.C.
GlennwonthefirstplaceinMarathon.
D.
Glennorganizedatrackteamincollege.(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.
Strengthendetermination
B.
StandupafterfailureC.
Goafterdreams
D.
Facedifficultybravely【答案】(1)D(2)C(3)B(4)B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。每個人在人生的某個階段都經(jīng)歷過失敗。文章通過Glenn幸存的故事,告訴我們“讓你成功的不是你的失敗,而是你如何在被打擊后重新站起來。”(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Everybody,atsomepointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.和Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.可知,第一段的作用是作一個簡短的介紹。故選D。(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.可知,醫(yī)生認為Glenn生還的機會很小。故選C。(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinone'sself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany,可知,Glenn以他感人的故事激勵人們。故選B。(4)主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.“讓你成功的不是你的失敗,而是你如何在被打擊后重新站起來?!笨芍疚淖罴阎黝}是B項Standupafterfailure。故選B?!军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個題型的考查,是一篇議論類閱讀,閱讀時首先要弄清楚作者要證明什么觀點,然后用什么樣的論據(jù)進行怎樣的分析,最后得出了什么的結論,理清了線索,理解文章就不是問題。看題時注意確定關鍵詞,然后在文章中定位,找到與選項一致的內容,就可以輕松的確定答案。
5.閱讀理解
Whenhewasyoung,LouisArmstrongwastakingwhatwascalled“Creolejazz”,whichwasalsocalleddancemusic,andcombiningitwithtrumpeter(小號手)BuddyBolden,tocreatewhatwouldeventuallybecometoday'sjazz.
Armstrongaccomplishedthatwithalmostnoformaltraining.HereceivedlittletrainingbeforehewasplacedintheNewOrleansColoredWaif'sHomeattheageof12,afterarun-in(小爭執(zhí))withthepolice.Thepunishmentturnedouttobeamixedblessing,forhealsohadtheopportunitytoplayinarealband.
WhileattheWaif's,Armstrongalsogotthechancetohearsomeofthecity'sfinestmusicians.CornetistFreddieKeppardperformedinanearbyclub.Sodidtrumpeterandbandleader,KingJoeOliver,whotooktheboyunderhiswingandtaughthimhowtoreadmusicandworkonhisplayingtechnique.
WhenOliverleftforChicago,ArmstrongchosetostayinNewOrleansandworkwithsomeoftheothertopmusiciansoftheday.InChicago,KingOliverofferedhimaplaceinhisbandin1922.ItbecameArmstrong'sbiggestchallengeyet—thebandhadnopartswrittenfortrumpet,sohewasforcedtolistentoKingOliverandimprovise(即興創(chuàng)作).
Soon,Armstrong'sundeniabletalentwasgettingnotice.Evenclassicallytrainedmusicianswouldcometoheartheincrediblesoundsthisyoungmancreated.
LilHardin,thebandspianoplayerandthefutureMrs.Armstrong,explainsthatOliverkeptArmstronginthesecondtrumpet-chairsothatOliverwouldstillbe“King”.Hardinconvincedhimtoleavetheband.
ArmstrongmovedtoNewYorkCityin1924tojoinFletcherHenderson'sbandandthenflewsolo.In1925,ArmstrongputtogethertheHotFive,expandinghispopularityevenmore.Armstrongrecordedhisfirstcomposition,CornetChopSuey,oneofthemostcopiedjazzsolosofalltime.Thismonumental1928recordingblends(混合)artistry,enduranceandshowmanshipthathasrarely,ifever,beenmatchedinJazz.(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”refertointhesecondparagraph?A.
Toplaydancemusic.
B.
ToworkwithBuddyBolden.C.
Tocreatemodemjazzmusic.
D.
Toplayajazzinstrumentwell.(2)WhotaughtLouisArmstronghowtoplaymusicintheearlytime?A.
BuddyBolden.
B.
LilHardin.
C.
CornetistFreddieKeppard.
D.
KingJoeOliver.(3)WhydidLouisArmstrongLeaveKingOliver'sband?A.
BecausehewantedtogetmarriedinNewYork.B.
Becausethemanforcedhimtoleavetheband.C.
BecausehegotabetteropportunityinNewYork.D.
Becausehistalentcouldnotdevelopcompletely.(4)What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.
Itasksreaderstoknowmoreaboutmodernjazz.B.
Itintroducesoneofthegreatestjazzmusicians.C.
Itintroducesthedevelopmentofjazz.D.
Itdescribestheimportanceoftalentinplayingjazz.【答案】(1)C(2)D(3)D(4)B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文,介紹了音樂人LouisArmstrong學習音樂的過程。(1)考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第一段中的tocreatewhatwouldeventuallybecometoday'sjazz.由此可知that指上段“...tocreatewhatwouldeventuallybecometoday'sjazz.”,故選C。(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Sodidtrumpeterandbandleader,KingJoeOliver,whotooktheboyunderhiswingandtaughthimhowtoreadmusicandworkonhisplayingtechnique.”小號手兼樂隊指揮KingJoeOliver也這么做了,他把小男孩放在自己的側廳,教他如何閱讀音樂,學習演奏技巧。故選D。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“LilHardin,thebandspianoplayerandthefutureMrs.Armstrong,explainsthatOliverkeptArmstronginthesecondtrumpet-chairsothatOliverwouldstillbe“King”.Hardinconvincedhimtoleavetheband.”可推斷出LouisArmstrong離開KingOliver樂隊的原因是因為他的才能不能得到完全發(fā)展,故選D。(4)考查主旨大意。全文介紹Armstrong如何成為偉大的爵士音樂家,故選B?!军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解,代詞指代,推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查,是一篇人物類閱讀,要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上,進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系,進行分析,推理,概括和歸納,從而選出正確答案。6.閱讀理解
Itisbadtohavefoodstuckbetweenyourteethforlongperiodsoftime.Thisisbecausefoodattractsgerms;germsproduceacid,andacidhurtsyourteethandgums.Flossing(使用牙線)helpstoremovethefoodthatgetsstuckbetweenyourteeth.Thisexplainswhyflossinghelpstokeepyourmouthhealthy,butsomedoctorssaythatflossingcanalsobegoodforyourheart.
Itmayseemstrangethatsomethingyoudoforyourteethcanhaveanyeffectonyourheart.Doctorshavecomeupwithafewideasabouthowflossingworkstokeepyourhearthealthy.Oneideaisthatthegermsthathurtyourteethcanleavethemouthandtravelintoyourblood.Germsthatgetintothebloodcanthenattackyourheart.Anotherideaisbasedonthefactthatwhentherearetoomanygermsinyourmouth,thebodytriestofightagainsttheregerms.Forsomereason,thewaythebodyfightsthesemouthgermsmayendupweakeningtheheartovertime.
Noteverydoctoragreesabouttheseideas.Somedoctorsthinkthatthelinkbetweengoodflossinghabitsandgoodhearthealthisonlyacoincidence.Theincidence(發(fā)生率)oftwoormoreeventsiscompletelyrandom,astheydonotadmitofanyreliablecauseandeffectrelationshipbetweenthem.Forexample,everytimeIwashmycar,itrains.ThisdoesnotmeanthatwhenIwashmycar,Isomehowchangetheweather.Thisisonlyacoincidence.Similarly,somedoctorsthinkthatpeoplewhohavebadflossinghabitsjusthappentoalsohaveheartproblems,andpeoplewhohavegoodflossinghabitsjusthappentohavehealthyhearts.
Thetheorythatflossingyourteethhelpstokeepyourhearthealthymightnotbetrue.Buteverydoctoragreesthatflossingisagreatwaytokeepyourteethhealthy.Soevenifflossingdoesnothelpyourheart,itistruetohelpyourteeth.Thisisenoughofareasonforeveryonetoflosstheirteetheveryday.(1)Fromthepassage,weknowthat________.A.
foodstuckbetweenyourteethmayhurtyourteethB.
allofthedoctorsagreethatflossingisgoodforyourheartC.
doctors'judgmentaboutflossingisbasedonmedicalresearchD.
noteverydoctorthinksflossinghelpstokeepyourteethhealthy(2)TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3isto________.A.
provideanexample
B.
makeacomparisonC.
introduceanewtopic
D.
developthepreviousstatement(3)Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.
Itisafactthatflossingcanhelpyourheartaswellasyourteeth.B.
Thereisnogoodreasontobelievethatflossingwillhelpyourheart.C.
Becausedoctorsfindflossingwon'thelpyourheart,itisuselesstofloss.D.
Evenifflossingisonlygoodforyourteeth,youshouldstilldoiteveryday.(4)Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.
FlossingbyCoincidence
B.
HowtoKeepYourTeethHealthyC.
FlossingHabitsandHealthyHearts
D.
WhyDoctorsDisagreeAboutFlossing【答案】(1)A(2)D(3)D(4)C【解析】【分析】本文提到經(jīng)過研究,剔牙與保持心臟之間沒有必然的聯(lián)系,但剔牙能保護牙齒的健康是可以肯定的。(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段提到Itisbadtohavefoodstuckbetweenyourteethforlongperiodsoftime.Thisisbecausefoodattractsgerms(細菌),germsproduceacid,andacidhurtsyourteethandgums.(長時間讓食物停留在牙齒是有害處的,這是因為食物能吸引細菌,細菌會產(chǎn)生酸,腐蝕你的牙齒),故選A項。(2)句意猜測題。Noteverydoctoragreesabouttheseideas不是每個醫(yī)生都對這些問題持相同的態(tài)度,Somedoctorsthinkthatthelinkbetweengoodflossinghabitsandgoodhearthealthisonlyacoincidence.一些醫(yī)生認為用牙線剔牙與心臟健康之間的關系只是偶然Similarly,somedoctorsthinkthatpeoplewhohavebadflossinghabitsjusthappentoalsohaveheartproblems一些醫(yī)生認為有剔牙習慣的碰巧有心臟問題,故是發(fā)展以前的觀點,因此選D項。(3)段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段提到剔牙能保持你的心臟健康這一理論可能并不正確的,但醫(yī)生同意剔牙能保證牙齒的健康,因此即使剔牙不能有助于你的心臟,肯定能保護你牙齒,這就是每天剔牙的重要原因,故選D項。(4)主旨標題題。本文提到經(jīng)過研究,剔牙與保持心臟之間沒有必然的聯(lián)系,但剔牙能保護牙齒的健康是可以肯定的,故選C項。7.閱讀理解
Afive-year-olddognamedKelseyhasbeenpraisedasaheroforhelpingtosavethelifeofherownerwhoslippedinthesnowandbrokehisneck.
Theman,Bob,wasalonewhenhelefthisMichiganfarmhouseonNewYear'sEvetocollectfirewood.Expectingajourneyofonlyseveralmeters,Bobwaswearingjustlongjohns(襯褲),ashirtandslipperswhenhewentoutside,althoughthetemperaturewasaround-4℃.
Aftertheaccident,hewasunabletomoveinthesnow.Fortunately,Kelseycametohisassistance.
"Iwasshoutingforhelp,butmynearestneighborisabout400metersaway,anditwas10:30pm,Bobexplained."ButmyKelseycame.Bythenextmorning,myvoicewasgoneandIcouldn'tyellforhelp,butKelseydidn'tstopbarking."
Kelsey'scompanionkepthimwarmbylyingontopofhim.Shelickedhisfaceandhandstokeephimawake."Kelseykeptbarkingbutneverleftmyside,"Bobrecalled."Shekeptmewarm.IknewIcouldn'tgiveupandthatitwasmychoicetostayalive."
Bobspent20hoursinthefreezingcold.Whenhefinallylostconsciousness,hisdogkeptbarking.Finally,hearingthebarking,Bob'sneighbordiscoveredhimat6:30pmonNewYear'sDayandcalledtheemergencyservicesatonce.WhenBobarrivedinhospital,hisbodytemperaturewasbelow21℃.However,doctorsweresurprisedtofindthathedidn'thaveanyfrostbite(凍瘡).TheybelieveditwasbecauseofKelsey'sdeterminationtokeephimwarm,Dr.ChaimColen,thedoctorwhotreatedBob,said,"Animalscanhelpandhisdogreallysavedhim...Hewasveryfortunate.”
Bobsaidhewas"enormously"gratefultobothDr.ColenandhisKelsey,"Theysavedmylife.Theyaretrulyheroes!"(1)WhathappenedtoBobonNewYear'sEve?A.
Helefthisdogaloneinhisfarmhouse.
B.
Hewaspraisedforsavingadogowner.C.
Hebrokehisneckandcouldn'tmove.
D.
Heheardhisneighbor'sshoutingforhelp.(2)WhydidKelseykeepbarking?A.
Tokeepwarm.
B.
Tostayalive.
C.
TokeepBobawake.
D.
Toseekhelpfromothers.(3)HowdoesDr.ChaimColenfeelaboutKelsey?A.
Helpful.
B.
Fortunate.
C.
Grateful.
D.
Friendly.(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.
ANeck-breakingAccident
B.
TheMagicNightC.
WarmthonaWinter'sNight
D.
DeterminationtoKeepAlive【答案】(1)C(2)D(3)A(4)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文,講述了一只名叫Kelsey的狗在那個夜晚為受傷的作者尋求幫助,并救了作者的命,帶給作者溫暖。并因此像個英雄般受到表揚。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“tosavethelifeofherownerwhoslippedinthesnowandbrokehisneck.”挽救了在雪中滑倒摔斷了脖子的主人;以及第三段中的“Aftertheaccident,hewasunabletomoveinthesnow.”事故發(fā)生后,在雪中他不能動。故選C。(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段中的“Whenhefinallylostconsciousness,hisdogkeptbarking.Finally,hearingthebarking,Bob'sneighbordiscoveredhimat6:30p.m.onNewYear'sDayandcalledtheemergencyservicesatonce.”當他最終失去知覺時,他的狗不停地叫。最后,Bob的鄰居聽到了狗叫在新年那天下午六點半發(fā)現(xiàn)了他,并且立刻給急救部門打電話??芍芬恢苯惺菫榱讼蛩饲笾?,故選D。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第六段中的“However,doctorsweresurprisedtofindthathedidn'thaveanyfrostbite(凍瘡).TheybelieveditwasbecauseofKelsey'sdeterminationtokeephimwarm.”但是,醫(yī)生驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)他沒有凍傷。他們認為是因為Kelsey讓他保持溫暖的決心??芍狢haimColen認為Kelsey幫助很大,故選A。(4)考查主旨大意??v觀全文可知,本文講述了一只名叫Kelsey的5歲的小狗幫助在雪中滑倒摔斷了脖子的主人,在寒冷的除夕夜為主人取暖,挽救了主人的生命,故C符合做文章標題,故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解,推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查,是一篇故事類閱讀,要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上,進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系,進行分析,推理,概括和歸納,從而選出正確答案。8.閱讀理解
Haveyoueverlostyourcaronaparkinglot?Ithappens.Youparkandgoshopping.When
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