英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句翻譯基本功

對(duì)于每一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子的翻譯,并不只是使用一種翻譯方法,而是多種翻譯方法的綜合運(yùn)用,這在英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯中表現(xiàn)得尤為突出。長(zhǎng)句在科技性的文體中的出現(xiàn)極為頻繁,因此也就成為入學(xué)考試的重點(diǎn),通過(guò)對(duì)近年來(lái)試題的分析我們可以看出,所考查的絕大多數(shù)劃線的部分都是長(zhǎng)句。在翻譯長(zhǎng)句時(shí),首先，不要因?yàn)榫渥犹L(zhǎng)而產(chǎn)生畏懼心理，因?yàn)?，無(wú)論是多么復(fù)雜的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分組成的。其次要弄清英語(yǔ)原文的句法結(jié)構(gòu),找出整個(gè)句子的中心內(nèi)容及其各層意思,然后分析幾層意思之間的相互邏輯關(guān)系,再按照漢語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)和表達(dá)方式,正確地譯出原文的意思,一般來(lái)說(shuō),造成長(zhǎng)句的原因有面:(1)修飾語(yǔ)過(guò)多;(2)并列成分多;(3)語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)層次多。找出全句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),分析從句和短語(yǔ)的功能,例如,是否為主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句等,若是狀語(yǔ),它是表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、分析詞、短語(yǔ)和從句之間的相互關(guān)系,例如,1.Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterinlectual分析:(1)該句的主語(yǔ)為behaviorists,謂語(yǔ)為suggest,賓語(yǔ)為一個(gè)從句,因此整個(gè)句子為Behavioristsuggestthat-clause結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)該句共有五個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),suggestisraised,aredevelopexperience等,這五個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系為:Behavioristsuggestthat-clause結(jié)構(gòu)為主句;whoisraisedinanenvironment為定語(yǔ)從句,所修飾的先行child;wheretherearemanystimuli為定語(yǔ)從句,environment;whichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponses為定語(yǔ)從句stimuli;suggest的賓語(yǔ)從句中,child,謂experience,賓語(yǔ)為greaterinlectualdevelopment.在作了如上的分析之后,我們就會(huì)對(duì)該句具有了一個(gè)較為透徹的理解,然后根據(jù)我們上面所講述的各種翻譯方法,就可行為主義者認(rèn)為,如果兒童的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境里有許多刺激因素,這些因素又有利于其適當(dāng)反應(yīng)能力的發(fā)展,那么,兒童的智2.Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.(85年考題)分析1)該句的骨干結(jié)構(gòu)為itismoretodosththantodosthelse.是一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu),而且是在兩個(gè)不定式之間進(jìn)該句中共有三個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),它們之間的關(guān)系為itismoreconvenientaswellascheaperto,但it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為第二個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu):tositcomfortablyathome,并與第三個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)togooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere作比較。句首的forafamilyoffour作狀語(yǔ),,還有兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)forexamplewithalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,其中第二個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ),tositcomfortablyathome.綜合上述翻譯方法，這個(gè)句子我們可以翻譯為：◎考 ，譬如,對(duì)于一個(gè)四口之家來(lái)說(shuō),舒舒服服地在家中看電視,就能看到幾乎數(shù)不清的,這比到外面別的地方去消英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣于用長(zhǎng)的句子表達(dá)比較復(fù)雜的概念,而漢語(yǔ)則不同,常常使用若干短句,作層次分明的敘述。因此,漢時(shí),要特別注意英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)之間的差異,將英語(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)句分解,翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的短句。在英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯過(guò)程中,我們一般（一、順序法。當(dāng)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的內(nèi)容的敘述層次與漢語(yǔ)基本一致時(shí),可以按照英語(yǔ)原文的順序翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。例如1.Evenwhenweturnoffthebesidelampandarefastasleepelectricityisworkingforusdrivingourrefrigerators,heatingourwater,orkeeourroomsair-conditioned.(84年考題)分析:該句子由一個(gè)主句,三個(gè)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞以及位于句首的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句組成,共有五層意思:A.既使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)時(shí);B.電仍在為我們工作;C.幫我們開(kāi)動(dòng)電冰箱;D.加熱水;E.或是室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。上述五層意思的邏輯關(guān)系以及表達(dá)的順序與漢語(yǔ)完全一致,因此,我們可以通過(guò)順序法,把該句翻譯成:即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)時(shí),電仍在為我們工作:幫我們開(kāi)動(dòng)電冰箱,把水加熱,或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)例2.Butnowitisrealizedthatsofsomeofthemarelimited,anditisevenpossibletogiveareasonableestimateoftheir“expectationoflife”thetimeitwilltaketoexhaustallknownsourcesandreservesofthesematerials.(84年考題)分析Itisrealizedthat…”it為形式主語(yǔ)that引導(dǎo)著主語(yǔ)從句以及并列的itisevenpossibleto…結(jié)構(gòu),其中,不定式作主語(yǔ)thetime…是“expectationoflife”的同位語(yǔ),進(jìn)一步解釋其含義,time后面的句子是它的定語(yǔ)從句五個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),表達(dá)了四個(gè)層次的意義:A.可是現(xiàn)在人們;B.其中有些礦物質(zhì)的蘊(yùn)藏量是有限的;C.人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計(jì)出這些礦物質(zhì)“可望存在多少年”D將這些已知礦源和儲(chǔ)量將消耗殆盡的時(shí)間。根據(jù)同位語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法,把第四層意義的表達(dá)作適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整,整個(gè)句子就翻譯為:可是現(xiàn)在人們,其中有些礦物質(zhì)的蘊(yùn)藏量是有限的,人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計(jì)出這些礦物質(zhì)“可望存在多少年”,也就是說(shuō),經(jīng)過(guò)若干年后,這些礦物的全部已知礦源和儲(chǔ)量將消耗殆盡。下面我們?cè)倭信e幾個(gè)實(shí)例3.Priortothetwentiethcentury,womeninnovelswerestereotypesoflackinganyfeaturesthatmadethemuniqueindividualsandwerealsosubjecttonumerousrestrictionsimposedbythemale-dominatedculture.20世紀(jì)以前小說(shuō)中的婦女像都是一個(gè)模式。她們沒(méi)有任何特點(diǎn),因而無(wú)法成為具有個(gè)性的人;他們還要屈從于由男4.Thismethodofusing“controlscanbeappliedtoavarietyofsituations,andcanbeusedtofindtheanswertoquestionsaswidelydifferentas“Mustmoisturebepresentifironistorust?”and“Whichvarietyofbeansgivesthegreatestyieldinoneseason?”這種使用參照物的方法可以應(yīng)用于許多種情況,也能用來(lái)找到很不相同的各種問(wèn)題的答案,,是否必須有一定5.Itbeginsasachildlikeinterestinthegrandspectacleandexcitingevent;itgrowsasamatureinterestinthevarietyandcomplexityofthedrama,thesplendidachievementsandterriblefailures;itendsasdeepsenseofthemysteryofman`slifeofallthedead,greatandobscurewhooncewalkedtheearth,andofwonderfulandawfulpossibilitiesofbeingahumanbeing.我們對(duì)歷史的于我們最初僅對(duì)一些歷史上的宏偉場(chǎng)面和激動(dòng)人心的感到孩童般的;其后,這種變得成熟起來(lái),我們開(kāi)始對(duì)歷史這“戲劇的多樣性和復(fù)雜性,對(duì)歷史上的輝煌成就和悲壯失敗也感;對(duì)歷史的,,無(wú)論是偉大與平凡,所有在這個(gè)地球上走過(guò)而已逝的人，都有能取得偉大或制造可怕的潛力。6.Ifparentswerepreparedforthisadolescentreactionandrealizedthatitwasasignthatthechildwasgrowingupanddevelovaluablepowersofobservationandindependentjudgment,theywouldnotbesohurt,andthereforewouldnotdrivethechildintooppositionbyresentingandresistingit.如果做父母的對(duì)這種青少年的反應(yīng)有所準(zhǔn)備,而且認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)顯示出孩子正在成長(zhǎng),正在發(fā)展珍貴的觀察力和獨(dú)立的判斷力的標(biāo)志,他們就不會(huì)感到如此傷心,所以也就不會(huì)因?qū)Υ擞袘嵑藓偷那榫w而把孩子推到對(duì)立面去。J（二、逆序法。英語(yǔ)有些長(zhǎng)句的表達(dá)次序與漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同,甚至完全相反,這時(shí)必須從原文后面開(kāi)始翻譯。例如:1.Aluminumremainedunknownuntilthenineteenthcentury,becausenowhereinnatureisit ,owingtoitsalwaysbeingcombinedwithotherelements,mostcommonlywithoxygen,forwhichithasastrongaffinity.分析:這個(gè)句子由一個(gè)主句,兩個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)和一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,“鋁直到19世紀(jì)才發(fā)現(xiàn)”是主句,也是全句的中心內(nèi)容,全句共有四個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),共有五層意思:A.鋁直到19世紀(jì)才發(fā)現(xiàn);B.由于在自然界找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁;C.由于它總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起;D.最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合;E.鋁跟氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力按照漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣通常因,果在后,這樣,我們可以逆著原文的順序把該句翻譯成:鋁總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起,最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合;因?yàn)殇X跟氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力,由于這個(gè)原因,在自然界找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁。所以,鋁直到19世紀(jì)才發(fā)現(xiàn)。例2.Ittherefore esmoreandmoreimportantthat,ifstudentsarenottowastetheiropportunities,therewillhavetobemuchmoredetailedinformationaboutcoursesandmoreadvice.分析:該句由一個(gè)主句,一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句和一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句組成,也是全句的中心內(nèi)容,全句共有三個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),包含三層含義A.……變的越來(lái)越重要B.如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他們的機(jī)會(huì)C.得為他們提供大量更為詳盡的信息,作的指導(dǎo)。為了使譯文符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,我們也采用逆序法,翻譯成:因此,如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他們(上大學(xué))的機(jī)會(huì),就得為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程的更為詳盡的信息,作的指導(dǎo)。這下面我們?cè)倥e幾個(gè)實(shí)例例3.ItisprobablyeasierforteachersthanforstudentstoappreciatethereasonswhylearningEnglishseemsto eincreasinglydifficultoncethebasicstructuresandpatternsofthelanguagehavebeen一旦了解英語(yǔ)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和句型,再往下學(xué)似乎就越來(lái)越難了,這其中的原因,4.They(thepoor)arethefirsttoexperiencetechnologicalprogressasacursewhichdestroystheoldmuscle-powerjobsthatpreviousgenerationsusedasameanstofighttheirwayoutofpoverty.對(duì)于以往幾代人來(lái)說(shuō),舊式的體力勞動(dòng)是一種用以擺脫貧困的,而技術(shù)的進(jìn)步則摧毀了窮人賴(lài)以為生的體力勞動(dòng),5.AgreatnumberofgraduatestudentsweredrivenintotheinlectualslumwhenintheUnitedStatestheinlectualpoorbecametheclassicpoor,thepoorundertheratherromanticguiseoftheBeatGeneration,arealphenomenoninthelatefifties.◎50年代后期的出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)任何人都不可能的現(xiàn)象,窮以“跨掉的一代”這種頗為浪漫的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)而成為典型的窮人,正是這個(gè)時(shí)候大批大學(xué)生被趕進(jìn)了的貧民窟。例6.SuchisahumannatureintheWestthatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeof ingwhitecollarworkers.許多人寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為白領(lǐng)工人的社會(huì)地位,7.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworldtheywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.◎假如沒(méi)有那些以昆蟲(chóng)為食的動(dòng)物保護(hù)我們,昆蟲(chóng)將吞噬我們所有的莊稼,害死我們的牛羊家畜,使我們不能生存(三)、分句法。有時(shí)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句中主語(yǔ)或主句與修飾詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切,翻譯時(shí)可以按照漢語(yǔ)多用短句的習(xí)慣,把長(zhǎng)句的從句或短語(yǔ)化成句子,分開(kāi)來(lái)敘述,為了使語(yǔ)意連貫,有時(shí)需要適當(dāng)增加詞語(yǔ)。例如:◎1.ThenumberoftheyoungpeopleintheUnitedStateswhocan`treadisincredibleaboutonein上句在英語(yǔ)中是一個(gè)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的句子,但是如果我們按照原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)死譯,就可能被翻譯成:沒(méi)有閱讀能力的青年人的數(shù)目令人難以相信約為1/4。這樣,就使得譯文極為不通順,不符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,因此,我們應(yīng)該把它譯為大約有1/4的青年人沒(méi)有閱讀能力,這簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信2.evision,itisoftensaid,keepsoneinformedaboutcurrentevents,allowonetofollowlatestdevelopmentsinscienceandpolitics,andoffersanendlessseriesofprogrammeswhicharebothinstructiveandentertaining.(85年考題)分析:在此長(zhǎng)句中,有一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)“itisoftensaid”,三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),還有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,這三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)盡管在結(jié)構(gòu)上同屬于同一個(gè)句子,但都有獨(dú)立的意義,因此在翻譯時(shí),可以采用分句法,按照漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣把整個(gè)句子分解成幾個(gè)獨(dú)立的分句,結(jié)果為:人們常說(shuō),通過(guò)電視可以了解,掌握科學(xué)和政治的動(dòng)態(tài)。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂(lè)性的新。下面我們?cè)倥e一個(gè)例子例3.Alltheyhavetodoispressabutton,andtheycanseeys,fi,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionpoliticaldiscussionsandthelatestexcitingfootballmatch.(85年考題)他們所必須做的只是按一下開(kāi)關(guān)。開(kāi)關(guān)一開(kāi),就可以看到電視劇、、歌劇,以及其他各種各樣的文藝。至于政治問(wèn)題的辯論、最近的激動(dòng)人心的賽更是不在話下。4.Althoughperhapsonly1percentofthelifethathasstartedsomewherewilldevelopintohighlycomplexandinligentpatterns,sovastisthenumberofnetsthatinligentlifeisboundtobeanaturalpartoftheuniverse.雖然在某處已經(jīng)開(kāi)始的生命中可能僅有百分之一會(huì)發(fā)展成高度復(fù)雜、有智慧的型式但是行星的數(shù)目如此之多,以致有智(四)、綜合法。上面我們講述了英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的逆序法、順序法和分句法,事實(shí)上,在翻譯一個(gè)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句時(shí),并不只是單純地使用一種翻譯方法,求我們把各種方法綜合使用,這在我們上面所舉的例子中也有所體現(xiàn)。尤其是在一些情況下,一些英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句單純采用上述任何法都不方便,這就需要我們的仔細(xì)分析,或按照時(shí)間的先后,或按照邏輯順序,順逆結(jié)合,主次分明地對(duì)全句進(jìn)行綜合處理,以便把英語(yǔ)原文翻譯成通順忠實(shí)的漢語(yǔ)句子。例如:例1.Peoplewereafraidtoleavetheirhouses,foralthoughthehadbeenorderedtostandbyincaseofemergency,theywerejustasconfusedandhelplessasanybodyelse.分析:該句共有三層含義:A:人們不敢出門(mén);B:盡管已接到命令,要作好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付緊急情況;C:也和其他人一樣不知所措和為力在這三層含義中,B表示讓步,C表示原因,而A則表示結(jié)果,按照漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣順序,我們作如下盡管已接到命令,要作好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付緊急情況,但人們不敢出門(mén),因?yàn)橐埠推渌艘粯硬恢牒蜔o(wú)◎能為力。2.Modernscientificandtechnicalbooksespeciallytextbooksrequiresrevisionatshort◎intervalsiftheirauthorswishtokeeppacewithnewideas,observationsanddiscoveries.對(duì)于現(xiàn)代書(shū)籍,特別是教科書(shū)來(lái)說(shuō),要是作者希望自己內(nèi)容能與新概念、到的事實(shí)和新發(fā)現(xiàn)同步發(fā)展的話,那么就應(yīng)該每隔較短的時(shí)間,將內(nèi)容重新修改。例3.TakinghiscuefromIbsen`sADoll`sHouse,inwhichthe e,Nora,leaveshomebecausesheresentsherhusband`streatingherlikeachild,thewriterLuXunwarnedthatNorawouldneedmoneytosupportherself;shemusthaveeconomicrightstosurvive.的劇作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公離家出走,因?yàn)樗鲪赫煞蛳駥?duì)待孩子一樣來(lái)對(duì)待她。作家從中得到啟示,從而告誡人們得需要錢(qián)來(lái)養(yǎng)活自己,她要生存就必須有經(jīng)濟(jì)上的權(quán)利。4.Uptothepresenttime,throughouttheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,thisnew◎tendencycedthehomeintheimmediatesuburbs,butconcentratedmanufacturingactivity,businessrelations,ernment,andpleasureinthecentersofthe到目前為止,經(jīng)歷了18和19兩個(gè)世紀(jì),這種新的傾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊,而把生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)、商業(yè)往來(lái)、部allbut：幾乎，差不多asanything：非常地anythingbut：根本不apartfrom：除了butforbyfar：遠(yuǎn)不，……得多bynomeans：根本不byanymeans：無(wú)論如何dueto：由于exceptfor：除了farfrom：遠(yuǎn)非incontactwith：與……聯(lián)系insteadof：而不是onaccountof：因?yàn)閛nthebasisof：根據(jù)onlyto：結(jié)果是might/mayaswell：還是……的好notsomuch…as：與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)notreally：遠(yuǎn)不nottomention

letalonenomore…than…：和……一樣都不nolessthan：簡(jiǎn)直是nothinglessthan：完全是ratherthan：而不是owingtoItisassumedthat：人們認(rèn)為Itissaidthat：據(jù)說(shuō)ItislearnedthatItissupposedthat：據(jù)推測(cè)Itisconsideredthat：據(jù)估計(jì)Itisbelievedthat：人們認(rèn)為Itisreportedthat：據(jù)Itiswell-knownthat：眾所周知Itisassertedthat：有人斷言Itisclear/obvious/evidentthatItcan’tbedeniedthat：不可否認(rèn)Itmustbeadmittedthat：必須承認(rèn)Itmustbepointedthat：必須Thatratiowillbefavoredwhich izesthenumberofdescendantsanindividualwillhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted.（難度系數(shù)5，下同）◎考研，◎Ub662NeiIsa本句的正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)當(dāng)是：Thatratiowhichizesthenumberofdescendntsanindividuallwill◎haveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitedwillbefavored.Thatratiowhich引導(dǎo)的修飾它的定語(yǔ)willbefavored之后。bwhichize的第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)thenumberofdescendantsthatanindividuallwillhave中，anindividuallwillhave是修飾descendants的定語(yǔ)從句，但是，因?yàn)閐escendants在從句中作have的賓語(yǔ)，thatthenumberofthatratioizes.Andhence在此表示后面的成分作為前面“最大化一個(gè)的后代的數(shù)目的”結(jié)果意群訓(xùn)練：Thatratiowillbefavoredwhich izesthenumberofdescendantsanindividual◎willhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted.◎考 ，（Thisis）Adesiretothrowoverrealityalightthatneverwasmightgiveawayabruptlytothedesireonthepartofwhatwemightconsideranovelist-scientisttorecordexactlyandconcreythestructureandtextureofaflower.(5++)小說(shuō)加和科學(xué)家的人想要去準(zhǔn)確并具體的記錄下一朵花的結(jié)構(gòu)和文理的那種意義上的度的語(yǔ)言，在計(jì)算機(jī)考試的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)絕無(wú)可能出現(xiàn)。如果對(duì)此句話不感，可以把其廢掉不讀。Athisis。這種用一個(gè)詞代替一個(gè)句子的Bdesiretothrowoverrealityalight，其中的alight是被倒裝到了overreality之后，thatlightdesire的。thatmightneverbegivenawaywas被提前，given因?yàn)樵谇閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞might之后所以變成了原型give。AgivewaytoB，是AB，而AbegivenwaytoB，則是AB。onthepartof之后的部分修飾后面的desire，what引導(dǎo)的從句現(xiàn)場(chǎng)閱讀時(shí)可以看成一個(gè)名詞。What從句中的不定式torecoredexactlyandconcreythestructureandtextureofaflower中又有一個(gè)避免頭重腳輕的倒裝，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是torecoredthestructureandtextureofaflowerexactlyandconcrey?！蚩佳校蹹、就算能夠看懂這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)，可能仍然理家的仔細(xì)研究一個(gè)東西的特點(diǎn)那樣的（新沖動(dòng)），前一種是也不能取代后者的。（Thisofwhatwemightconsideranovelist-scientisttorecordexactlyandconcreythestructureandtextureofaflower.Hardy’sweaknessderivedfromhisapparentinabilitytocontrolthecomingsandgoingsofthese◎大divergentimpulsesandfromhisunwillingnesstocultivateandsustaintheenergeticandriskyones.（3）：譯文的缺陷一方面緣起于他的某種明顯的，無(wú)法控制好那結(jié)不盡相同的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)的穿梭往來(lái)；另一方面緣起于他不愿意去培養(yǎng)和維持那些富于生機(jī)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)。：fromandand之后的第二個(gè)fromderive。derivedfrom后面的成分太長(zhǎng)，初學(xué)者難以一下子看下來(lái)；二是作為一◎篇文科文章，意群訓(xùn)練：Hardy'sweakenssderivedfromhisapparentinabilitytocontrolthecomingsandgoingsofthesedivergentimpulsesandfromhisunwillingnesstocultivateandsustaintheenergyeticandriskyones.VirginiaWoolf’sprovocativestatementaboutherintentionsinwritingMrs.Dallowayhasregularlybeenignoredbythecritics，sinceithighlightsanaspectofherliryinterestsverydifferentfromthetraditionalpictureofthe"poetic"novelistconcernedwithexaminingstatesofreverieandvisionandwithfollowingtheintricatepathwaysofindividualconsciousness.（5）迄今為止一貫為文學(xué)評(píng)論家們所忽略，因?yàn)樗怀龇从沉怂T多文學(xué)中某一方面，而這一方面則與人們對(duì)“詩(shī)性”小說(shuō)家（poeticnovelist）所形成的傳統(tǒng)見(jiàn)解大相徑庭。所謂的“詩(shī)性”小說(shuō)家，所關(guān)注的是審視想入非非和白日夢(mèng)幻的諸般狀解釋?zhuān)罕揪涠禾?hào)以前只有復(fù)雜修飾的長(zhǎng)主語(yǔ)有些難，但總的來(lái)講比較好懂，sinceAsince之后的itstatement，highlight的賓語(yǔ)anaspect之后有兩個(gè)修飾成分，一個(gè)是ofherliryinterests，另一個(gè)是thatthatisverydifferentfromthetraditionalpictureofthepoeticnovelistanaspect的。Novelist后面又有由andconcernedwithng修飾novelist.B、句中有兩處省略，一是在herliryintereststhatisverydifferentfrominterestsbethatis一起省略了。第二處在andconcernedwithconcernedwithconcernedC意群訓(xùn)練：VirginiaWoolf’sprovocativestatementaboutherintentionsinwritingMrs.Dallowayhasregularlybeenignoredbythecritics，sinceithighlightsanaspectofherliryinterestsverydifferentfromthetraditionalpictureofthe"poetic"novelistconcernedwithexaminingstatesofreverieandvisionandwithfollowingtheintricatepathwaysofindividualAssheputitinTheCommonReader,“ItissafetosaythatnotasinglelawhasbeenframedoronestonesetuponanotherbecauseofanythingChaucersaidorwrote;andyet,aswereadhim,weareabsorbingmoralityateverypore.”（5-）“意群訓(xùn)練：AssheputitinTheCommonReader“ItissafetosaythatnotasinglelawhasbeenframedoronestonesetuponanotherbecauseofanythingChaucersaidorwroteandyetaswereadhimweareabsorbingmoralityateverypore.”Withtheconclusionofaburstactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerabletoattackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.（4+）有氧新陳代謝，被肝臟轉(zhuǎn)化成（convertinto）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下來(lái)又會(huì)（部分）傳送回肌肉中重新合成糖原。開(kāi)始句子變難；leavingviaoxidativemetabolismbytheliverbeconvertedinto拆成兩段。本句的另外一個(gè)特征是其中充斥著專(zhuān)有名metabolismmuscleglycogen這種東西則沒(méi)辦法，只能作一個(gè)首字母提煉。但是請(qǐng)記住，GREGMAT文章中只要出現(xiàn)◎了這種專(zhuān)有名詞，出題者是一定會(huì)在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的詞釋清楚的，所以讀者遇到文章中做了解釋的專(zhuān)有名詞，應(yīng)該力求把解釋看懂。意群訓(xùn)練：Withtheconclusionofaburstactivitythelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluidsleavingthelargeanimalvulnerabletoattackuntiltheacidisreconvertedviaoxidativemetabolismbytheliverintoglucosewhichisthensentinpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.AlthoughGutmanadmitsthatdseparationbysalewasfrequent，heshowsthattheslaves’考研preference，revealedmostclearlyonntationswheresalewasinfrequent，wasverymuchforstable◎monogamy.（3+）用revealedmostclearlyonntationswheresalewainfrequent,后半個(gè)分句中的主語(yǔ)thatslaves'preference與系動(dòng)詞was離得太遠(yuǎn)，造成閱讀的。revealedmostclearlyonntationswheresalewasinfrequent，wasverymuch◎forstablemonogamy.GutmanarguesconvincinglythatthestabilityoftheBlackfamilyencouragedthetransmission◎大of-andsowascrucialinsustaining-theBlackheritageoffolklore，music，andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother，aheritagethatslaveswerecontinuallyfashioningoutoftheirAfricanandAmericanexperiences.（4）that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，encouragedthetransmissionoftheBlackheritage被同時(shí)表示并列和轉(zhuǎn)折的andso分開(kāi)，給讀者造成了閱讀上和理解上的。最后一個(gè)逗號(hào)后面的部分是修飾前面的blackheritage的同位語(yǔ)。意群訓(xùn)練：GutmanarguesconvincinglythatthestabilityoftheBlackfamilyencouragedthetransmissionof-andsowascrucialinsustaining-theBlackheritageoffolklore，music，andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother，aheritagethatslaveswerecontinuallyfashioningoutoftheirAfricanandAmericanexperiences.Thispreferenceforexogamy，Gutmansuggests，mayhavederivedfromWestAfricanruleserningmarriage，which，thoughtheydifferedfromonetribalgrouptoanother，allinvolvedsomekindofprohibitionagainstunionswithclosekin.（3+）落群體之間不盡相同，但都涉及到某種對(duì)近親聯(lián)姻（unionwithclosekin）的。◎解釋?zhuān)罕揪溆袃蓚€(gè)插入語(yǔ)，第一個(gè)Gutmansuggests割裂了主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。WestAfricanrules后跟著兩個(gè)修飾成分，第一個(gè)是分詞修飾(erningmarriage),which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中出現(xiàn)了第二個(gè)插入語(yǔ)thoughtheydifferedfromonetribalgrouptoanother，又割裂了從句引導(dǎo)詞與謂語(yǔ)之間的聯(lián)系。意群訓(xùn)練：Thispreferenceforexogamy，GutmansuggestsmayhavederivedfromWestAfricanruleserningmarriage，which，thoughtheydifferedfromonetribalgrouptoanother，allinvolvedsome◎kindofprohibitionagainstunionswithclosekin.HisthesisworksrelativelywellwhenappliedtodiscriminationagainstBlacksintheUnitedStates，buthisdefinitionofracialprejudiceas"racially-basednegativeprejudgmentsagainstagroupgenerallyacceptedasaraceinanygivenregionofethniccompetition，"canbeinterpretedasalsoincludinghostilitytowardsuchethnicgroupsastheinCaliforniaandtheJewsinmedievalEurope.（4+）部分比較長(zhǎng)，再加上不乏抽象詞，所以較為難懂，在表示轉(zhuǎn)折的后半個(gè)分鐘中，長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的插入語(yǔ)asraciallybasednegativeprejudgmentsagainstagroupgenerallyacceptedasaraceinanygivenregionofthniccompetition作為主語(yǔ)hisdefinitionofracialprejudice的同位語(yǔ)，使分句中的主謂相隔千山萬(wàn)水。除此之外，本句用詞抽象，語(yǔ)義難以理解，對(duì)讀者的詞匯功意群訓(xùn)練：HisthesisworksrelativelywellwhenappliedtodiscriminationagainstBlacksintheUnitedStates，buthisdefinitionofracialprejudiceasracially-basednegativeprejudgmentsagainstagroupgenerallyacceptedasaraceinanygivenregionofethniccompetition，canbeinterpretedasalsoincludinghostilitytowardsuchethnicgroupsastheinCaliforniaandtheJewsinmedievalEurope.◎大 beendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.（5）suchthingassomethingthing居然變成了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)達(dá)十二個(gè)單詞的assomethingsuchas為中心的長(zhǎng)主語(yǔ)距離系suchthingsasaremainnegligibleinacertainsense.意群訓(xùn)練：Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendeomnstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemaniflddimensionsofmentalexperience.◎考研，Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconditionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.(5)難免類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、倒裝◎考 ，的、不足的。◎考研 本句的在however之前和之后的兩個(gè)分句，是兩個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，前一個(gè)是小倒裝，正常語(yǔ)序是：todemonstraterefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypesbyothermethods:however后面是個(gè)大倒裝，lackingthat引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)qualityof..waslacking◎考研，◎XAdOUyd1Bd意群訓(xùn)練：Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconditionwasinfluencedbythesedifferenceswhichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.◎考研，Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerveenergieswasneverrigidlydisproved，thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingviewnamelythatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas"commoncurrency"throughoutthenervoussystem.（4）的觀點(diǎn)，即：神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)從根本上本質(zhì)相同，而且被當(dāng)作“一種普通流”在整個(gè)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中。◎考研難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、雙重否定◎考 ，解釋?zhuān)呵鞍雮€(gè)分句中有一個(gè)雙重否定，wasneverrigidlydisproved,這種表示法用中文說(shuō)出來(lái)還是比較好懂的，原因是我們notunlimited就等于limitedGREGMAT這兩種對(duì)考生的邏輯有苛刻要求的考試中，如果這種雙重否定中所dichotomous(limitedunlimited)，則雙重否定不一定表示肯定；比如本例中的notdisprove,不能理解為agree，不者中，的確有人會(huì)同意，但通常心存疑慮，隨大流者居多。不但如此，大雙重否定中加上限定詞以后，在否定的范圍上也有所變化，如本句的beneverrigidlydisproved，沒(méi)有完全被，不能全否定，然后大腦中反應(yīng)出其目前的生存狀態(tài)是一個(gè)仍未的狀態(tài)；這種理解才是在考試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)既快速又精確的理解?！虺鯇W(xué)者會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)分句中的somethingbeabandonedinfavorofsomethingelse這種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)感到突然，如果理解成因?yàn)橄矖壛饲罢叨D(zhuǎn)向后者，namely之后的內(nèi)容是前面的opposingview的同位語(yǔ)?！蚩佳小騳ghvCiYjF8意群訓(xùn)練：Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerveenergieswasneverrigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheoppsingviewnamelythatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas"commoncurrency"throughtthenervoussystem.◎考研，thenervecells，butasfaraspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned，theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.（4-）區(qū)域彼此之間的明顯的相似性看起來(lái)比起微小的差異更為令人注目?！蚩佳校騢Xx6S0U難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)◎考研，解釋?zhuān)汉髢蓚€(gè)分句之間有一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)asfaraspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned。在后面的分句中，主語(yǔ)theobvioussimilarities之后的、修飾主語(yǔ)的成分較長(zhǎng)、以至于有很多讀者看到相隔很遠(yuǎn)的moreremarkablethan時(shí)一下子反應(yīng)不過(guò)來(lái)是什么比后者更明顯。其簡(jiǎn)化形式應(yīng)為：similaritiesseemedmoreremarkablethandifferences。◎考研意群訓(xùn)練：Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesizenumberarrangementandinterconnectionofthenervecellsbutasfaraspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcernedtheobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfiledstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.◎考研，Althoughsomeexperimentsshowthat，asanobject esfamiliar，itsinternalrepresentationesmoreholisticandtherecognitionprocesscorrespondinglymoreparallel，theweightofseemstosupporttheserialhypothesis，atleastforobjectsthatarenotnotablysimpleandfamiliar.（4+）碼似乎在支持序列假設(shè)（serialhypothesis），至少是對(duì)于那些不甚簡(jiǎn)單、不甚熟悉的物體來(lái)說(shuō)。◎考研難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、省略◎考研，Althoughshowsasanobjectes面相同的引導(dǎo)詞that和謂語(yǔ)e。◎考研，◎YSt0QOSd7D統(tǒng)一完整或同時(shí)的意思其實(shí)只要能理解到其是與serial相反的意思即可。◎考研◎56ZWWLStGJ意群訓(xùn)練：Althoughsomeexperimentsshowthat，asanobjectesfamiliar，itsinternalrepresentationesmoreholisticandtherecognitionprocesscorrespondinglymoreparallel，theweightofevidenceseemstosupporttheserialhypothesis，atleastforobjectsthatarenotnotablysimpleandfamiliar.◎大寶考研，Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement，historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuraythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods（3+）在很大程度上，由于女權(quán)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)（feministmovement）的緣故，史學(xué)家近年來(lái)匯聚了大量的注意力，來(lái)更為準(zhǔn)確地確定婦女在各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期的地位。FocusAonB;◎考研，◎zzGRqmFgVI難句類(lèi)型：倒裝◎考研，解釋?zhuān)篺ocusAonBA集中于Bon的賓語(yǔ)determining/moreaccuraythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods中有一個(gè)小倒裝，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是determiningthestatusofwomeninvariousperiodsmoreaccuray?！蛞馊河?xùn)練：Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovementhistorianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuraythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons, esclearthatancientdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfact–realAmazoniansocieties–butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposed eofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.(4)被用來(lái)表達(dá)觀察的歷史事實(shí)——真正的亞麻遜社會(huì)的——而是為了對(duì)于婦女在其社會(huì)中的的預(yù)期提供一“道德教導(dǎo)?！蚩佳?，轉(zhuǎn)難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、抽象詞◎考研，解釋?zhuān)河袃蓚€(gè)詞匯需要先解釋一下：somethingbemeanttorepresent是usesomethingtomean的語(yǔ)態(tài)。mean在這里不是常用的"……的意思是"的意思，而是表示做某事所表達(dá)的目的、意圖，其英文釋義為：toserveorintendtoconvey,showorindicatesomethingbemeantnotsomuchtobutratherto實(shí)際上是把bemeantto和notrather的兩個(gè)固定搭配套在一起，意思是：不是為了...而是為了...◎考研，◎QY8nJchOa1當(dāng)然的意思?！蚩佳校騇YCzUpN5xw本句的supposed用法極其特殊，在此處的意思，用以上任何一個(gè)釋義來(lái)理解居然都可以成立，既是在說(shuō)一個(gè)預(yù)期的社會(huì)狀意群訓(xùn)練：IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,it esclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfact-realAmazoniansocieties-butrathertooffer"morallessons"onthesupposed eofwomen'sruleintheirownsociety.◎考研，thehydrogenatomisnotalillycorrectdescriptionofthisatom，butonlyanapproximationtoathiscorrectedequationisitselfonlyanimperfectapproximationtoaninfinitesetofquantumfield-theoreticalequations.（5）◎考研，◎YfSqJbIk0l因此，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)家而言，了解到下述情形可能會(huì)令其驚愕不已，即諤（Schrodinger）的氫原子方程式并非是套量子場(chǎng)論方程式?！蚩佳?，◎94d526GR00難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、省略◎考研，解釋?zhuān)鹤x到此句時(shí)，數(shù)學(xué)家不見(jiàn)得，暈倒的考生恐怕不在少數(shù)。不但句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，而且羅列了大量的專(zhuān)有名詞。對(duì)于知道鄂方程對(duì)讀者來(lái)說(shuō)并不見(jiàn)得重要，GRE考試的出題者也不見(jiàn)得知道它；關(guān)鍵是要讀懂句子的主要意思；數(shù)學(xué)家不主句中的主語(yǔ)it是一個(gè)開(kāi)工主語(yǔ)，其具體的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是從tolearn開(kāi)始一直到句子結(jié)束的長(zhǎng)達(dá)八行的不定式，但是此不定式實(shí)在太長(zhǎng)，如果放在句首則句子無(wú)法平衡。Learn后面帶著兩個(gè)以that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，中間以分號(hào)和and分開(kāi)，可以把分號(hào)以后的句子看成是anditmaycomeasashocktomathematicianstolearnthat的省略形式?！蚩佳?意群訓(xùn)練：Thus,forinstance,itmaycomeasashocktomathematiianstolearnthattheSchrodingerequationforthehydrogenatomisnotali llycorrectdescriptionofthisatom,butonlyanapproximationtoasomewhatmorecorrectequationtakingaccountofspin,magneticdipole,andrelativisticeffects;andthatthiscorrectedequationisitselfonlyanimperfectapproximationtoaninfinitesetofquantumfield-theoreticalequations.◎大Thephysicistrightlydreadspreciseargument，sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged，whereasanargumentthatisconvincingthoughimprecisemaywellbestableundersmallperturbationsofitsunderlying本假（underlyingassumption）稍微受干擾的情況下仍然有可能是站得住腳的?！蚩佳修D(zhuǎn)難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾◎考研，whereas連接了兩個(gè)大句子，whereas后面的句子中的主語(yǔ)anaugument之后又跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句thatisconvincingthoughimprecise，修飾augument。whereasthatonlyifitisprecisesince從句中的條件狀語(yǔ)從句iftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged,assumptionsonwhichitisbased一共八個(gè)句子，從句套從句，實(shí)在令人嘆為觀止。◎考研，◎oX05fTnVQW去還挺舒服就算訓(xùn)練成功?！蚩佳?，◎nLIox5d8ie意群訓(xùn)練：Thephysicistrightlydreadspreciseargument,sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged,whereasanargumentthatisconvincingthoughimprecisemaywellbestableundersmallperturbationsofitsunderlyingassumptions.◎考研，◎However，astheygainedcohesion，theBluestockingscametoregardthemselvesasawomen’sgroupandtopossessasenseoffemalesolidaritylackinginthesalonnieres，whoremainedisolatedfromoneanotherbytheprimacyeachheldinherownsalon.（4-）◎考研，◎PLjvzD9oX4中自視甚高而彼此孤立隔絕開(kāi)來(lái)。◎考研，◎IrMESs0WVk難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾◎考研，and開(kāi)始變難。and之后的不定式與前面的不定式是并列的，to的前面省略了一個(gè)與前面came。lacking之后的分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾asenseoffemalesolidaritywho引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句又修飾逗號(hào)salonnieresthateachsalonniereheldinherownsalonprimacy,但是由于引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，因此被省略?！蚩佳?，◎4h33S3750P意群訓(xùn)練：However,astheygainedcohesion,theBluestockingcametoregardthemselvesasawomen'sgroupandtopossessasenseoffemalesolidaritylackinginthesalonnieres,whoremainedisolatedfromoneanotherbytheprimacyeachheldinherownsalon.◎AsmyownstudieshaveadvancedIhavebeenincreasinglyimpressedwiththefunctionalsimilaritiesbetweeninsectandvertebratesocietiesandlesssowiththestructuraldifferencesthatseem，atfirstglance，toconstitutesuchanimmensegulfbetweenthem.（5）◎考研，◎KLI7gG然這些結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異初看上去似乎構(gòu)成了二者間一條無(wú)法愈越的鴻溝。◎考研，◎wlsQEjzzQo難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、省略◎考研，解釋?zhuān)罕揪渥拥闹虚g一段impressedwiththefunctionalsimilaritesbetweeninsectandvertebratesocietiesandlesssowiththestructuraldifferences容易令人看暈，其中的insectandvertebratesocietiesandlesssowith由兩個(gè)and連接了三個(gè)部分，然而它們其實(shí)不是同一層次的并列，第一個(gè)and實(shí)際上是betweeninsectsocietiesandvertebratesocieties的一部分，是并列的，而and之后的lesssowith其實(shí)是對(duì)于一個(gè)完整的表達(dá)方式Ihavebeenincreasinglylessimpressedwith的省略形式，去掉了與前面重復(fù)的成分?！蚩佳?structuraldifferencesthatseematfirstglance,toconstitutesuchanimmensegulfbetweenthem中，又出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)別扭的插入語(yǔ)atfirstglance，把應(yīng)該連在一起的seemto地分開(kāi)，令人不熟悉此類(lèi)難句的人倍感不適?！蚩佳?，◎DmMgue3eCV意群訓(xùn)練：Asmyownstudieshaveadvanced,Ihavebeenincreasinglyimpressedwiththefunctionalsimilaritiesinsectandvertebratesocietiesandlesssowiththestructuraldifferencesthatseematfirstglance,toconstituresuchanimmensegulfbetweenthem.◎考研，◎sxmbWJVAjFAlthoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances，itsauthorsreacttothosecircumstancesinwaysotherthanideological，andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalen