Unit 1 Starting out Understanding ideas 同步練習(xí) 高中英語新外研版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)（2022-2023學(xué)年）

Startingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.閱讀理解AYouprobablylaughatsomethingyoufindfunny,buthowmuchdoyoureallyknowaboutjokesandhumour？Reader'sDigest(RD)questionedseveralexpertstogiveussomefactsaboutthem.RD：What'stheoldestjokeintheworld?“Wecan'tknowtheoldestjokeintheworldbecauseitwouldhaveexistedearlierthanwriting，”saysChristieDavies,professorofsociologyattheUniversityofReadingintheUK.Theoldestjokebookthat'sbeenfoundsofaristheGreekPhilogelos.Itdatesfromthe19thcenturyAD,althoughthejokesdatefromanearliertime.AccordingtothepsychologistSteveWilson,directorofNationalHumourMonth(AprilintheUS),itcontains265jokes.RD：Dosomepeoplefailtodevelopasenseofhumour?RodMartin,professorofpsychologyattheWesternUniversityinCanada,believesthatwhileeveryoneisbornwithoutasenseofhumour,aswedevelop,humourandlaughterbegintoappear.“Ofcourse,somechildrenaremoreserious,quietandlesslikelytolaughfrequently,butthisdoesn'tmeantheydon'thaveasenseofhumour.”AndaccordingtoSteveWilson,therearenoadultswhodon'thaveasenseofhumour.“Almosteveryoneisabletodevelopasenseofhumour,andIteachpeoplehow，”hesays.RD：Dopeopleshareasenseofhumouruniquetotheirownnation?Senseofhumourdoesdifferalotbycountry,accordingtoanauthornamedScottWeems.Britishhumouristhoughttobeabsurd(荒謬的)innature,whileAmericanhumourhasanaggressivequality.Accordingtoastudy,Germansarefoundtofindeverythingfunny.1．Whatdoweknowabouttheoldestjokebook?A．Itremainsunknown.B．ItwaswritteninGreek.C．ItwasfoundintheUK.D．Itcontainstheoldestjoke.2．WhatdoesRodMartinagreewithaboutpeople'ssenseofhumour?A．Nobodyisbornwithasenseofhumour.B．Someadultsloseitwhentheygrowup.C．Childhoodisthebesttimetodevelopsuchanability.D．Childrenhaveapoorersenseofhumourthanadults.3．Whatkindofhumourhasanaggressivefeature?A．Britishhumour. B．Germanhumour.C．Canadianhumour. D．Americanhumour.4．Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A．Inapopularmagazine. B．Inaresearchpaper.BWeallknowthatfriendsarespecialpeoplewhomweshareourliveswith,andwhosharetheirliveswithusinreturn.Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy.AccordingtoaresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofSocialandPersonalRelationships,thekeyistouse“we-talk”．LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobbinsandhercolleagues,theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5,000participants.Thislargest-everanalysisof“we-talk”suggestedthatthefrequentuseof“we”and“us”islinkedtohappierandhealthierrelationships.Theword“we”movespeoplefromanindividualpositionintoapartnership,whichmakesusmoreinterdependent.“Thepronounsofferaninsightintowhetherpeopleseethemselvesasindividualsoraspartofawhole...Worduseisawindowintowhatpeoplearethinkingandfeelingwithoutaskingthem，”RobbinstoldScienceDaily.Theirresearchalsofoundthat“we-talk”ishelpfulinresolvingconflicts.“Theprimarypointisthatinterdependencemaybringaboutsupportiveandrelationship-centeredbehaviorsandpositiveperceptions(看法)ofthepartner—especiallyimportantintimesofstressandconflict，”saidstudyauthorAlexanderKaran.US-basedmagazinePsychologyTodayusedtheword“union”todescribetheimpactonapartneruponhearing“we-talk”．Contraryto“we-talk”，thereis“I-talk”，whichreferstothefrequentuseoffirst-personsingularpronouns,suchas“I”，“me”，and“mine”，whenwritingorspeaking.Earlierthisyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofArizona,US,analyzedasetofdatathatcamefrom4,700peopleinGermanyandtheUS.Theyfoundthattoomuch“I-talk”isanaccuratelinguisticmarkerforthelikelihoodthatsomeoneisfeelingstressedorexperiencingnegativeemotions.“Ifyouarespeakinginapersonalcontext—soyou'respeakingaboutsomethingthat'sofrelevancetoyou，”leadresearcherAllisonTackmantoldTheIndependent.“Butifyou'recommunicatinginacontextthat'smoreimpersonal,suchasdescribingapicture,wedidnotseetherelationshipemerge.”Asyoucanseefromthetwostudies,toomuch“I-talk”canmakeyoufeeldepressed.But“we-talk”canencourageyoutobecomemorepositiveandcreatearippleeffect(連鎖反應(yīng))ofhealthyinterdependencewithothers.Sonexttimeyou'retalkingtoafriend,tryusingmore“we-talk”．Youmayfindyourselffeelingmorepositive—andtheeffectitwillhaveonyourfriendwillbepositiveaswell.5．AccordingtoMeganRobbinsandhercolleagues'research,wecaninferthefollowingEXCEPT.A．toomuch“I-talk”certainlyindicatespressureordepressionB．morethan5,000peoplewereinvolvedintheirresearchC．themoreweuse“we”and“us”，thehappierwemayfeelD．“we-talk”mayhelpusbuildbetterteamworkinourwork6．Whatcanbethebenefitof“we-talk”？A．Wemayavoidargumentsandconflictswithit.B．Itmayhelppromotefriendshipinourlife.C．Itcanhelpproduceafeelingofindividualism.D．Wecanbecomemoreindependentofothers.7．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph8mean?A．Apersontendstouse“I-talk”toomuchifheisexperienced.B．“I-talk”isanexactlinguisticmarkerforpeople'sfeelings.C．Ifapersonuses“I-talk”alot,heisprobablyinabadmood.D．Itispossiblethatsomeonelikes“I-talk”whenheisinanimpersonalcontext.8．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Using“we-talk”contributestobuildinggoodsocialrelationships.B．Theimportanceofchoosingthewordinourdailyconversation.C．Usingtoomuch“I-talk”mayleadyoutobecomeupset.D．Introductionto“we-talk”inourdailycommunication.CAsthedaysgetshorterandthecoldweatherrollsin,weallwanttocurlupinablanketandsleepuntilspringrollsaround.Butmakingtimetogetoutsideinthesun,evenwhenit'scoldoutside,couldhavebiggermoodbenefitsthanyoumightrealize.Newresearchfindsthatsunlightexposureisbyfarthegreatestweather-relatedfactordeterminingmentalhealth.Inotherwords,moresunshine,morehappiness.Forthestudy,apsychologist,aphysicistandastatisticianfromBYUteameduptocomparedailyenvironmentaldatafromtheuniversity'sPhysicsandAstronomyWeatherStationwithemotionalhealthdataarchivedbydayfor16,452adultpatientswhowerebeingtreatedattheuniversity'sCounselingandPsychologicalServices.Otherweathervariables(可變因素)includingtemperature,pollutionandrainwerenotfoundtohaveanimpactonmentalhealth.“Weweresurprisedthatmanyoftheweatherandpollutionvariablesweincludedinthestudywerenotsignificantlyrelatedtopatients'scoresoncewehadaccountedforsuntime，”saidDr.MarkBeecher,aprofessorofpsychologyattheuniversityandthestudy'sleadauthor.Exposuretosunlightisasignificantfactorinseasonalaffectivedisorder.Researchhasshownthatthebrainproducesmoreofthefeel-goodneurotransmitterserotoninonsunnydaysthanitdoesondarkerdays.What'smore,lackofsunlightislinkedwithlowervitaminDlevels,whichinturnhasbeencorrelatedwithdepressionandlowenergy.Inadditiontoseekingprofessionalhelpifyouneedit,takingawalkinthesuncanhelp.Walkinginnatureisknowntoreducestress,improvecognitivefunction,lightenthemoodandevenputthebrainintoapeacefulstate.9．Accordingtothenewresearch,whatcanmakepeoplehappier?A．Lesspollution.B．Fewerrainydays.C．Morecoldweather.D．Moreexposuretosunlight.10．Theunderlinedword“archived”inthesecondparagraphmeans“”．A．composed B．discussedC．recorded D．a(chǎn)djusted11．Whatdidtheresearchersthinkofthefindingsoftheresearch?A．Theywereasexpected.B．Theyweresurprising.C．Theyneededprofessionalproof.D．Theywerenotinclusiveenough.12．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toinformreadersofanewstudy.B．Totellpeopleapieceofgoodnews.C．Tointroduceanewwaytogainhappiness.D．Toexplainthebenefitsofwalkinginnature.Ⅱ.閱讀七選五ThereisanEnglishsaying：“1”Untilrecently,fewpeopletookthesayingseriously.Now,however,doctorshavebeguntolookintolaughterandtheeffectsithasonthehumanbody.2Testswerecarriedouttostudytheeffectsoflaughteronthebody.Peoplewatchedfunnyfilmswhiledoctorscheckedtheirhearts,bloodpressure,breathingandmuscles.Itwasfoundthatlaughterhassimilareffectscomparedwithphysicalexercise.3Iflaughterexercisesthebody,itmustbebeneficial.Othertestshaveshownthatlaughterappearstobeabletoreducetheeffectofpainonthebody.Inoneexperimentdoctorsproducedpainingroupsofstudentswholistenedtodifferentradioprograms.Thegroupthattolerated(忍耐)thepainforthelongesttimewasthegroupwhichlistenedtoafunnyprogram.45Theyhavefoundthateveniftheirpatientsdonotreallyfeellikelaughing,makingthemsmileisenoughtoproducebeneficialeffectssimilartothosecausedbylaughter.A．Laughtercanprolongone'slife.B．Asaresultofthesediscoveries,somedoctorsintheUnitedStatesnowholdlaughterclinicsinwhichtheyhelptoimprovetheirpatients'conditionbyencouragingthemtolaugh.C．Thereasonwhylaughtercanreducepainseemstobethatithelpstoproduceakindofchemicalinthebrainwhichdiminishesbothstressandpain.D．Itincreasesbloodpressure,theheartbeatingandbreathing;italsoworksseveralgroupsofmusclesintheface,thestomachandeventhefeet.E．Althoughlaughterhelpscurethedisease,doctorsstillcannotputthistheoryintoclinicpractice.F．Laughteristhebestmedicine.G．Theyhavefoundthatlaughtercanreallyimprovepeople'shealth.Startingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.閱讀理解AYouprobablylaughatsomethingyoufindfunny,buthowmuchdoyoureallyknowaboutjokesandhumour？Reader'sDigest(RD)questionedseveralexpertstogiveussomefactsaboutthem.RD：What'stheoldestjokeintheworld?“Wecan'tknowtheoldestjokeintheworldbecauseitwouldhaveexistedearlierthanwriting，”saysChristieDavies,professorofsociologyattheUniversityofReadingintheUK.Theoldestjokebookthat'sbeenfoundsofaristheGreekPhilogelos.Itdatesfromthe19thcenturyAD,althoughthejokesdatefromanearliertime.AccordingtothepsychologistSteveWilson,directorofNationalHumourMonth(AprilintheUS),itcontains265jokes.RD：Dosomepeoplefailtodevelopasenseofhumour?RodMartin,professorofpsychologyattheWesternUniversityinCanada,believesthatwhileeveryoneisbornwithoutasenseofhumour,aswedevelop,humourandlaughterbegintoappear.“Ofcourse,somechildrenaremoreserious,quietandlesslikelytolaughfrequently,butthisdoesn'tmeantheydon'thaveasenseofhumour.”AndaccordingtoSteveWilson,therearenoadultswhodon'thaveasenseofhumour.“Almosteveryoneisabletodevelopasenseofhumour,andIteachpeoplehow，”hesays.RD：Dopeopleshareasenseofhumouruniquetotheirownnation?Senseofhumourdoesdifferalotbycountry,accordingtoanauthornamedScottWeems.Britishhumouristhoughttobeabsurd(荒謬的)innature,whileAmericanhumourhasanaggressivequality.Accordingtoastudy,Germansarefoundtofindeverythingfunny.語篇解讀：本文是一則問卷調(diào)查。Reader'sDigestRD采訪了一些專家，詢問關(guān)于幽默的一些問題，并記錄了專家們的觀點(diǎn)。1．Whatdoweknowabouttheoldestjokebook?A．Itremainsunknown.B．ItwaswritteninGreek.C．ItwasfoundintheUK.D．Itcontainstheoldestjoke.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Theoldestjokebookthat'sbeenfoundsofaristheGreekPhilogelos.可知，世界上第一本笑話類書籍是希臘的Philogelos，因此推斷這本書是用希臘語寫的。2．WhatdoesRodMartinagreewithaboutpeople'ssenseofhumour?A．Nobodyisbornwithasenseofhumour.B．Someadultsloseitwhentheygrowup.C．Childhoodisthebesttimetodevelopsuchanability.D．Childrenhaveapoorersenseofhumourthanadults.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的RodMartin,professorofpsychologyattheWesternUniversityinCanada,believesthatwhileeveryoneisbornwithoutasenseofhumour可知，RodMartin認(rèn)為人們出生的時(shí)候是沒有幽默感的，幽默感是隨著成長(zhǎng)而逐漸形成的。3．Whatkindofhumourhasanaggressivefeature?A．Britishhumour. B．Germanhumour.C．Canadianhumour. D．Americanhumour.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句可知，美國(guó)式幽默很有攻擊性。4．Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A．Inapopularmagazine. B．Inaresearchpaper.C．Inapersonaldiary. D．Inatextbook.解析：選A文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，本文是一則問卷調(diào)查。Reader'sDigest采訪了一些專家、詢問關(guān)于幽默的一些問題，并作了記錄，所以本文可能來自一本廣受歡迎的雜志。BWeallknowthatfriendsarespecialpeoplewhomweshareourliveswith,andwhosharetheirliveswithusinreturn.Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy.AccordingtoaresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofSocialandPersonalRelationships,thekeyistouse“we-talk”．LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobbinsandhercolleagues,theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5,000participants.Thislargest-everanalysisof“we-talk”suggestedthatthefrequentuseof“we”and“us”islinkedtohappierandhealthierrelationships.Theword“we”movespeoplefromanindividualpositionintoapartnership,whichmakesusmoreinterdependent.“Thepronounsofferaninsightintowhetherpeopleseethemselvesasindividualsoraspartofawhole...Worduseisawindowintowhatpeoplearethinkingandfeelingwithoutaskingthem，”RobbinstoldScienceDaily.Theirresearchalsofoundthat“we-talk”ishelpfulinresolvingconflicts.“Theprimarypointisthatinterdependencemaybringaboutsupportiveandrelationship-centeredbehaviorsandpositiveperceptions(看法)ofthepartner—especiallyimportantintimesofstressandconflict，”saidstudyauthorAlexanderKaran.US-basedmagazinePsychologyTodayusedtheword“union”todescribetheimpactonapartneruponhearing“we-talk”．Contraryto“we-talk”，thereis“I-talk”，whichreferstothefrequentuseoffirst-personsingularpronouns,suchas“I”，“me”，and“mine”，whenwritingorspeaking.Earlierthisyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofArizona,US,analyzedasetofdatathatcamefrom4,700peopleinGermanyandtheUS.Theyfoundthattoomuch“I-talk”isanaccuratelinguisticmarkerforthelikelihoodthatsomeoneisfeelingstressedorexperiencingnegativeemotions.“Ifyouarespeakinginapersonalcontext—soyou'respeakingaboutsomethingthat'sofrelevancetoyou，”leadresearcherAllisonTackmantoldTheIndependent.“Butifyou'recommunicatinginacontextthat'smoreimpersonal,suchasdescribingapicture,wedidnotseetherelationshipemerge.”Asyoucanseefromthetwostudies,toomuch“I-talk”canmakeyoufeeldepressed.But“we-talk”canencourageyoutobecomemorepositiveandcreatearippleeffect(連鎖反應(yīng))ofhealthyinterdependencewithothers.Sonexttimeyou'retalkingtoafriend,tryusingmore“we-talk”．Youmayfindyourselffeelingmorepositive—andtheeffectitwillhaveonyourfriendwillbepositiveaswell.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，頻繁使用“we-talk”說話方式可以讓人際關(guān)系更快樂、更健康。5．AccordingtoMeganRobbinsandhercolleagues'research,wecaninferthefollowingEXCEPT.A．toomuch“I-talk”certainlyindicatespressureordepressionB．morethan5,000peoplewereinvolvedintheirresearchC．themoreweuse“we”and“us”，thehappierwemayfeelD．“we-talk”mayhelpusbuildbetterteamworkinourwork解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的theresearchersreviewed...over5,000participants可知，應(yīng)排除B項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第三段中的thefrequentuseof...happierandhealthierrelationships可知，應(yīng)排除C項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第四段中的Theword...makesusmoreinterdependent.可知，應(yīng)排除D項(xiàng)。再結(jié)合倒數(shù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，A項(xiàng)不屬于MeganRobbins和她的同事們的研究結(jié)果。6．Whatcanbethebenefitof“we-talk”？A．Wemayavoidargumentsandconflictswithit.B．Itmayhelppromotefriendshipinourlife.C．Itcanhelpproduceafeelingofindividualism.D．Wecanbecomemoreindependentofothers.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四、五段內(nèi)容可知，“我們”這個(gè)詞使人們從個(gè)人的立場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹献麝P(guān)系，這使我們更加相互依賴，而相互依賴可以帶來積極的、以關(guān)系為中心的行為以及對(duì)合作者的積極看法。7．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph8mean?A．Apersontendstouse“I-talk”toomuchifheisexperienced.B．“I-talk”isanexactlinguisticmarkerforpeople'sfeelings.C．Ifapersonuses“I-talk”alot,heisprobablyinabadmood.D．Itispossiblethatsomeonelikes“I-talk”whenheisinanimpersonalcontext.解析：選C句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線句的句意“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，太多的‘I-talk’是一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的語言標(biāo)志，表明一個(gè)人可能正感到緊張或正經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒”可知，如果一個(gè)人使用太多“I-talk”，說明這個(gè)人可能心情不好。8．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Using“we-talk”contributestobuildinggoodsocialrelationships.B．Theimportanceofchoosingthewordinourdailyconversation.C．Usingtoomuch“I-talk”mayleadyoutobecomeupset.D．Introductionto“we-talk”inourdailycommunication.解析：選A主旨大意題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：頻繁使用“we-talk”說話方式可以讓人際關(guān)系更快樂、更健康，即使用“we-talk”有助于建立良好的社會(huì)關(guān)系。CAsthedaysgetshorterandthecoldweatherrollsin,weallwanttocurlupinablanketandsleepuntilspringrollsaround.Butmakingtimetogetoutsideinthesun,evenwhenit'scoldoutside,couldhavebiggermoodbenefitsthanyoumightrealize.Newresearchfindsthatsunlightexposureisbyfarthegreatestweather-relatedfactordeterminingmentalhealth.Inotherwords,moresunshine,morehappiness.Forthestudy,apsychologist,aphysicistandastatisticianfromBYUteameduptocomparedailyenvironmentaldatafromtheuniversity'sPhysicsandAstronomyWeatherStationwithemotionalhealthdataarchivedbydayfor16,452adultpatientswhowerebeingtreatedattheuniversity'sCounselingandPsychologicalServices.Otherweathervariables(可變因素)includingtemperature,pollutionandrainwerenotfoundtohaveanimpactonmentalhealth.“Weweresurprisedthatmanyoftheweatherandpollutionvariablesweincludedinthestudywerenotsignificantlyrelatedtopatients'scoresoncewehadaccountedforsuntime，”saidDr.MarkBeecher,aprofessorofpsychologyattheuniversityandthestudy'sleadauthor.Exposuretosunlightisasignificantfactorinseasonalaffectivedisorder.Researchhasshownthatthebrainproducesmoreofthefeel-goodneurotransmitterserotoninonsunnydaysthanitdoesondarkerdays.What'smore,lackofsunlightislinkedwithlowervitaminDlevels,whichinturnhasbeencorrelatedwithdepressionandlowenergy.Inadditiontoseekingprofessionalhelpifyouneedit,takingawalkinthesuncanhelp.Walkinginnatureisknowntoreducestress,improvecognitivefunction,lightenthemoodandevenputthebrainintoapeacefulstate.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究，研究表明，曬太陽對(duì)于調(diào)節(jié)人的情緒、促進(jìn)人的心理健康有很大的益處。9．Accordingtothenewresearch,whatcanmakepeoplehappier?A．Lesspollution.B．Fewerrainydays.C．Morecoldweather.D．Moreexposuretosunlight.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，陽光照射是迄今為止影響心理健康的最大的天氣因素。換句話說，更多的陽光，更多的幸福。所以根據(jù)最新研究，更多地暴露在陽光下能讓人們更快樂。10．Theunderlinedword“archived”inthesecondparagraphmeans“”．A．composed B．discussedC．recorded D．a(chǎn)djusted解析：選C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，在這項(xiàng)研究中，來自BYU的一名心理學(xué)家、一名物理學(xué)家和一名統(tǒng)計(jì)師合作，將該大學(xué)物理和天文氣象站的日常環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)與該大學(xué)咨詢和心理服務(wù)部每天存檔的16452名成年患者的情緒健康數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較。所以通過上下文語境可以判斷出，“archived”一詞是指“記錄”的意思。11．Whatdidtheresearchersthinkofthefindingsoftheresearch?A．Theywereasexpected.B．Theyweresurprising.C．Theyneededprofessionalproof.D．Theywerenotinclusiveenough.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Dr.MarkBeecher所說的話可知，研究人員很驚訝，他們納入研究的許多天氣和污染變量，在考慮了日照時(shí)間后，與患者的得分沒有顯著關(guān)聯(lián)。所以研究人員認(rèn)為研究結(jié)果令人驚訝。12．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toinformreadersofanewstudy.B．Totellpeopleapieceofgoodnews.C．Tointroduceanewwaytogainhappiness.D．Toexplainthebenefitsofwalkinginnature.解析：選A寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：陽光照射是迄今為止影響心理