下丘腦與垂體的內(nèi)分泌功能課件

04NeuroendocrinesystemAi-MinBao,M.D.Ph.DZhejiangUniversitySchoolofmedicine下丘腦與垂體的內(nèi)分泌功能04NeuroendocrinesystemAi-MinBao,M.D.Ph.DZhejiangUniversitySchoolofmedicineMajorOrgansofEndocrineSystemHypothalamusPituitaryGlandThehPtaxisThyroidGlandParathyroidGlands(ondorsalaspectofTheHPAaxisthyroidglandAdrenalThehPgaxisPancreasGonadsOvaries(female)TheendocrinesystemdiffersfrommostoftheotherorgansystemsoftheTestesmale)body-thevariousglandsarenotanatomicallyconnected;howevertheydoformasysteminthefunctionalsense.EndocrineversusNervoussystemNervoussystemperformsshorttermcrisismanagementEndocrinesystemregulateslongtermongoingmetabolicEndocrinecommunicationiscarriedoutbyendocrinecellsreleasinghormonesAltermetabolicactivitiesoftissuesandorgansTargetcellsParacrinecommunicationinvolveschemicalmessengersbetweencellswithinonetissueMajorOrgansofEndocrineSystemHypothalamusPituitaryGlandThehPtaxisThyroidGlandParathyroidGlands(ondorsalaspectofTheHPAaxisthyroidglandAdrenalThehPgaxisPancreasGonadsOvaries(female)TheendocrinesystemdiffersfrommostoftheotherorgansystemsoftheTestesmale)body-thevariousglandsarenotanatomicallyconnected;howevertheydoformasysteminthefunctionalsense.EndocrineversusNervoussystemNervoussystemperformsshorttermcrisismanagementEndocrinesystemregulateslongtermongoingmetabolicEndocrinecommunicationiscarriedoutbyendocrinecellsreleasinghormonesAltermetabolicactivitiesoftissuesandorgansTargetcellsParacrinecommunicationinvolveschemicalmessengersbetweencellswithinonetissueHumanhypothalamusHereinthiswell-concealedspot,almosttobecoveredwithmainspringofprimitiveexistencereproductive-onwhichwithmoreorlesssuccessscometosuperimposeacortexofinhibitionsCushing(1932)rostalcaudaPVNPVNSDNOVLTBothhumanpvnandsoncontainabout50000neuronsAlmostallvasopressinergicSoNneuronsprojecttotheposteriorpituitarythusinfluencingplasmalevelsInthePvnthereare3differenttypesofvasopressinproducingneurons.SometakepartintheHPA-axis,someprojecttotheneuropituitary,sometootherbrainareasHypothalamusHypothalamusParvocellularneurosecretorycell(Pvc)神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌小細胞Hypophysiotrophicarea,HTA④or下丘腦促垂體區(qū)unitary調(diào)節(jié)腺垂體內(nèi)分泌活動eriorMagnocellularneurosecretorycell(Mgc)神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌大細胞視上核、室旁核神經(jīng)垂體激素一催產(chǎn)素、血管加壓素神經(jīng)垂體激素運載蛋白l,‖(Neurophysin,)神經(jīng)肽:腦啡肽、內(nèi)啡肽、神經(jīng)肽YTheHypothalamus-HormonesandReleasingFactorsProlactinReleasingHormone(PRHProlactinInhibitingHormone(PIHHypothalamusThyrotropinReleasingHormone(TRH)ReleasingfactorsCorticotropinReleasingHormone(CRH)GonadotropinReleasingHormone(GnRH)GrowthHormoneReleasingHormone(GHRH)GrowthHormoneInhibitingHormone(GHIH)促黑素細胞激素釋放/抑制因子(melanophoreulatinghormonereleasingfactor,MRFPituitarymelanophore-stimulatinghormonereleaseinhibitingfactor,MIF可能是催產(chǎn)素裂解出來的兩種小分子肽Regulationofhypothalamichormones神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)單胺類遞質(zhì):DA,NE,5-HT肽類物質(zhì):腦啡肽、β-內(nèi)啡肽、神經(jīng)降壓素、P物質(zhì)、VP下級激素的反饋效應(yīng)HypothalamusNegativefeedbackloopsregulatinghormonesecretioninatypicalXIH<thypothalamus-pituitaryperipheralglandaxisXRHXTHdⅢHInhibitPituitaX;peripheralglandhormonexXT;pituitarytropichormoneXRH;hypothalamicreleasinghormoneXIAHypophysispituitaryReleases9importantpeptidehormonesAll9bindtomembranereceptorsandusecyclicAMPasasecondmessengerAnteriorpituitaryoriginatesfromepithelium;posteriorpituitaryfromneuraltissueMedParsintermedia(p