江西省上饒市石鎮(zhèn)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期末試題含解析

江西省上饒市石鎮(zhèn)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.Thereportsaidabuswentoutof____controlinthehighway_____southofthecityandrushedintotheriver.A．the;the

B．/;the

C．the;/

D．/;/參考答案：D2.---HowareyougettingalongwithJimnow?---Well,OKnow.Buthe_______untilIapologized.A.didn’tforgive

B.hasn’tforgivenC.hadn’tforgiven

D.won’tforgive參考答案：A【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：—你現(xiàn)在和Jim相處得怎么樣？—現(xiàn)在很好了，但是直到我道歉他才原諒我。根據(jù)句意可知現(xiàn)在兩人的關(guān)系很好，道歉和原諒都是過去發(fā)生的事情，所以使用一般過去時(shí)。故A項(xiàng)正確。3.Healthcomesfirst.Weshould______everydayto_____.A.takeexercise,keepfit

B.takeexercises,keepfitC.takeexercise,keephealth

D.takeexercises,keephealthy參考答案：A4.Mary________hersisterinappearancebutnotincharacter.

A.resembles

B.

looks

C.seems

D.

appears

參考答案：A5.Whenweclimbeduptothetopofthemountain,wewereall___________.A.outofthebreath

B.shortofthebreath

C.outofbreath

D.shortofbreaths參考答案：C6.HowIwishI________torepairtheTV!Ionlymadeitworse.A.hadtried

B.hadn’ttried

C.havetried

D.didn’ttry參考答案：B略7.參考答案：B略8.

I’dratheryou______heretomorrow,becauseII’mtoobusytochatwithyoutoday.

A.tocome

B.willcome

C.come

D.came參考答案：D9.Itwasinamountainvillage,theprofessorsaid,_____twoofhisassistantswereworkingasvolunteers.A.where

B.which

C.whose

D.that

參考答案：D10.ThatwasaverybusystreetthatIwasneverallowedtocross________accompaniedbyanadult.A.when

B.unless

C.if

D.while參考答案：B略11.Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,

mattersworse,itbegantorain.A.tomake

B.making

C.havingmade

D.made參考答案：A12.Ismellsomething________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A．burning

B．burnt

C．beingburnt

D．tobeburnt參考答案：A13.Only______ahumanbeing.A.whenisithungryalionwillattack

B.whenitishungryalionwillattack

C.whenitishungrywillalionattack

D.whenisithungrywillalionattack參考答案：C14.Itisimperativethatyourpresentationonhowtopreventpollution______steadyeconomicgrowth______intimeforthelecture.

A.tokeep;befinished

B.keeping;isfinished

C.tokeep;finish

D.keeping;finish參考答案：A15.Theyarenowingreatneedofhelp,soyoursupportwillcertainlymakea(n)_____. A.attempt B.difference C.effort D.remark參考答案：B16.Inordertosucceed,itisveryimportantthatyou______beoptimisticandlearnfromfailures.A.would

B.should

C.haveto

D.might參考答案：B考查虛擬語氣。因在“Itisimportant/necessary/strange…that主語+shoulddo…”這個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，如果前面的形容詞是important/necessary/proper/strange/natural/urgent/essential/vital等詞時(shí)，從句常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式（美國(guó)英語常省略should,只用動(dòng)詞原形。）是虛擬語氣的用法。本句的意思是“為了成功，你們應(yīng)該樂觀并從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)是很重要的。”故選B。二、完型填空17.YuanLongping,agreatChineseagriculturalist,wasborninapoorfarmer’sfamilyinQianyang,HunanProvincein1930.He___1___fromSouthwestAgricultureCollegein1953andhassincedevotedhimselftoagriculturaleducationandresearch.Sincehisgraduation,___2___waystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedfor___3___thericeoutput.Atthattime,hungerwasa___4___probleminmanypartsofthecountryside.YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.___5___hishelp,Chinesefarmersnowproducemorericeandtheseincreasedharvestsmeanthat22%oftheworld’speople___6___fromjust7%ofthefarmlandintheworld.YuanLongping,___7___considershimselfafarmer,isnowcirculatinghisknowledgeinsomelessdevelopedcountriestoincrease___8___riceharvests.Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.___9___hishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.DrYuan___10___5-million-yuanStateSupremeScienceandTechnologyPrizeforhishighhybridricespecies.Thisawardisviewedas“ChineseNobelPrize”.Aboutrice,healwayshasadream…1.A.willgraduate B.graduated C.graduates2.A.founded B.found C.finding3.A.toincrease B.increasing C.increased4.A.disturbing B.disturbed C.todisturb5.A.In B.Of C.With6.A.feed B.arefed C.fed7.A.that B.which C.who8.A.their B.they C.them9.A.Touse B.Using C.Used10.A.isawarded B.wasawarded C.willaward參考答案：1.B

2.C

3.B

4.A

5.C

6.B

7.C

8.A

9.B

10.B【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)偉大的農(nóng)學(xué)家袁隆平的生活經(jīng)歷和重大貢獻(xiàn)，在他的幫助下，中國(guó)農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在能生產(chǎn)更多的大米，收成是以前的兩倍?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：1953年畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)學(xué)院，從事農(nóng)業(yè)教育研究工作。此處事情發(fā)生在1953年故用一般過去時(shí)，故選B?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：自從他畢業(yè)以來，找到種植更多水稻的方法一直是他的人生目標(biāo)。本句為動(dòng)名詞短語做主語，故選C?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：年輕時(shí)，他看到了水稻增產(chǎn)的巨大需求。for為介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語，故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)，饑餓是農(nóng)村許多地區(qū)的一個(gè)令人不安的問題。problem為名詞“問題”需要-ing結(jié)尾形容詞修飾，表示“令人不安的”，故選A。【5題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：在他的幫助下，中國(guó)農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)更多的大米，這些增加的收成意味著世界上22%的人能從世界上7%的農(nóng)田中獲得食物。固定短語withone’shelp“在某人的幫助下”，故選C。【6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在他的幫助下，中國(guó)農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)更多的大米，這些增加的收成意味著世界上22%的人能從世界上7%的農(nóng)田中獲得食物。本句中主語people與謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且描述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為22%oftheworld’speople，謂語動(dòng)詞與of后的名詞people保持一致，用復(fù)數(shù)。故選B。【7題詳解】考查連詞。句意：袁隆平自認(rèn)為是農(nóng)民，現(xiàn)在正在一些欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家傳播他的知識(shí)，以提高他們的水稻產(chǎn)量。本句為定語從句修飾先行詞YuanLongping，且先行詞在從句中做主語，指人，故用關(guān)系代詞who。故選C。【8題詳解】考查代詞。句意：袁隆平自認(rèn)為是農(nóng)民，現(xiàn)在正在一些欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家傳播他的知識(shí)，以提高他們的水稻產(chǎn)量。修飾名詞短語riceharvest應(yīng)用形容詞，故用形容詞性物主代詞their。故選A?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：用他的雜交水稻，農(nóng)民的收成是以前的兩倍。本句中use做非謂語動(dòng)詞，與邏輯主語farmers構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞using。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：袁博士因其高雜交水稻品種獲得了500萬元的國(guó)家最高科技獎(jiǎng)。本句中主語DrYuan與謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且事情發(fā)生在過去用一般過去時(shí)，主語為DrYuan，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】當(dāng)分詞做狀語的時(shí)候，如果構(gòu)成分詞的動(dòng)詞與句子的主語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，就使用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語；當(dāng)二者構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，使用過去分詞做狀語。如果分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，就使用分詞的完成式。如果分詞與句子的主語沒有關(guān)系，可以使用狀語從句或者獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如第九小題，句意：用他的雜交水稻，農(nóng)民的收成是以前的兩倍。本句中use做非謂語動(dòng)詞，與邏輯主語farmers構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞using。故選B。三、閱讀理解18.Peoplehavesmokedcigarettesforalongtimenow.ThetobaccowhichisusedtomakecigaretteswasfirstgrowninwhatisnowpartoftheUnitedStates.ChristopherColumbus,whodiscoveredAmerica,sawtheIndianssmoking.SoonthedriedleavesweretransportedtoEurope.Inthelate1800s,theTurksmadecigarettespopular.Cigarettesmokecontainsatleasttwoharmfulsubstances,tarandnicotine.Tar,whichformsasthetobaccoburns,damagesthelungsandthereforeaffectsbreathing.Nicotine,whichisfoundintheleaves,causesthehearttobeatfasterandincreasesthebreathingrate.Nicotineinlargecankillapersonbystoppingaperson’sbreathingmuscles.Smokersusuallytakeinsmallamountsthatthebodycanquicklybreakdown.Nicotinecanmakenewsmokersfeeldizzy(頭暈)orsicktotheirstomachs.Theheartrateforyoungsmokersincreases2to3beatsperminute.Nicotinealsolowersskintemperatureandreducesbloodflowinthelegsandfeet.Itplaysanimportantroleinincreasingsmokers’riskofheartdiseaseandstroke.Smokingcigarettesisdangerous.Cigarettesmokingwasthecauseoflungcancerandseveralotherdeadlydiseases.68.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Totellusthebadeffectscausedbysmokingcigarettes.B.Tointroducethehistoryofsmoking.C.Toletusknowwhatthecigarettesaremadefrom.D.TotellthereadersthatColumbusfoundtheIndianssmoking.69._______doesn’tmakeone’sheartbeatasusual.A.Tar

B.Nicotine

C.Lungdisease

D.Leaves70.ThefollowingeffectsarecausedbyNicotineEXCEPTthat________.A.ItcanmakenewsmokersfeeldizzyorsicktotheirstomachsB.ItlowersskintemperatureC.ItcausesthehearttobeatlessfastD.Nicotinewillprobablykillapersonifasmokertakesintoomuchofit.71What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Wheredidcigarettescomefrom?

B.Theeffectofsmokingonyourbody.C.Howtosmokeishealthy?

D.Whoisthefirstsmoker?參考答案：BBCB略19.Chineseresearcherssaytheyhavecomeupwithasimplewaytofindoutaperson’sbiologicalage—howmuchthebodyhasagedphysically–throughaurine(尿)test.Theirfindingswillhelpresearchersconductnumbersofageingstudiesandevenpredictaperson’sriskofage-relateddiseases,accordingtoapaperpublishedinthejournalFrontiersinAgeingNeuroscience.AnotherpaperbyresearchersattheBeijingHospitalandtheWestChinaHospitalinChengdu,Sichuanprovince,saidonTuesdaythatpeopleagedatdifferentratesduetochangesintheirgeneticmake-upandtheirenvironment.Chronologicalage–whichisbasedonone’sbirthdate—wasnotanexactmeasureofbiologicalagesoamoreexactmethodwasneeded,theteamsaid.Ageingisdrivenbythelifelonggradualaccumulation(積累)ofabroadvarietyofmolecular(分子)faultsinthebody’scells.Theteamsaidtheyhadidentifiedamatter8-oxoGsn

thatindicatedincreasesinoxidative(氧化性)damageinurineaspeople’sbodiesaged.CaiJianping,aco-authorattheBeijingHospital,said:“Asweage,wesufferincreasingoxidativedamageandsothelevelsofoxidativemattersincreaseinourbody.”Theteamtestedthelevelsof8-oxoGsninurinesamplesfrom1,228Chinesepeopleagedtwoto90andconcludedthemarkerhelpedaccuratelydeterminethestageofbiologicalageinginadults.Theyhadpreviouslyfoundthat8-oxoGsnlevelsalsoincreasedwithageintheurineofanimalssuchasmice.Theteamhasalsodevelopedarapidanalysistechniquecalledultra-high-performanceliquidchromatography(層析法),whichcanprocessupto10urinesamplesanhour,accordingtothestudy.28.Scientificallyspeaking,bywhatdoesadoctorjudgethestageofapersongettingold?A.Hispsychology.

B.Hiscondition.C.Hisbiologicalage.

D.Hischronologicalage.29.Whataretheouterfactorsthespeedofone’sageingphysicallydependon?A.One’sbirthdate.B.Thechangesintheirgeneticmake-upandtheirenvironment.C.Theaccumulationofvariousmolecularfaultsinthebody’scells.D.Theincreasesinoxidativedamageinurine.30.Whichcantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedword“marker”inthesixthparagraph?A.Molecularfaults.

B.8-oxoGsn.C.Oxidativedamage.

D.Stageofbiologicalageinginadults.31.Whatisthepassageabout?A.Whypeopleareageing.B.Whatdeterminesthestageofpeople’sageingphysically.C.Arapidmethodwithwhichtojudgehowmuchpeopleareagingphysically.D.Howtodelaypeople’sageingphysically.參考答案：28.C

29.B

30.B

31.C【分析】本文是一篇說明文。研究者們提出了一種簡(jiǎn)單的檢測(cè)人類生理年齡的方法：尿液檢測(cè)?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Chineseresearcherssaytheyhavecomeupwithasimplewaytofindoutaperson’sbiologicalage—howmuchthebodyhasagedphysically–throughaurine(尿)test”可知，醫(yī)生根據(jù)一個(gè)人的生理年齡來判斷一個(gè)人