河南省焦作市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期6月期末英語試題（含答案解析）

焦作市普通高中2022-2023學(xué)年(下)高二年級期末考試英語考生注意：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有2分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillthemandothisSaturday?A.Seehissister.B.Haveapicnic.C.Lookafterhisniece.2.Whenwillthefootballmatchbebroadcastlive?A.At7pmtomorrow.B.At9amtomorrow.C.At10pmtoday.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?AApicture.B.Alesson.C.Weather.4.Whatdoesthemanwanttoeatnow?A.Cakes.B.Strawberries.C.Chips.5.WhatdoesthemanfinddifficultinlearningFrench?A.Vocabulary.B.Pronunciation.C.Grammar.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howmanytargetlanguagesdoesthebrochureneedtobetranslatedinto?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.7.Whichmonthisitprobablynow?A.September.B.July.C.August.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthemanwantthewomantodofirst?A.Feedtheanimals.B.Milkthecows.C.Repairthefences.9.Howdoesthewomanfeelwhensheisrequestedtowork?A.Bored.B.Excited.C.Nervous.10.Whatdidthewomanexpecttodoonthefarm?A.Enjoycountrylife.B.Experiencefarmwork.C.Learntoridehorses.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatmightthemanbe?A.Astudent.B.Areporter.C.Atourguide.12.Wheredoesthewomancomefrom?A.Spain.B.China.C.Japan.13.Wheredoesthewomanusehersecondlanguagemost?AInherschool.B.Atherhome.C.Onhertravels.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whenwillthecompanydotheclean-up?A.OnTuesday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnThursday.15.Howlongisthestoragetimeofthefurniture?A.Aboutoneweek.B.Abouttwoweeks.C.Aboutfourweeks.16.Wherewillthewoman’sdishesbeput?A.Intheemergencypack.B.Inherpersonalpackage.C.Inthepackageoffurniture.17.Whichitemdoesn’tneedspecialcare?A.Theteakettle.B.Thealarmclock.C.TheCDplayer.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhathasthehighesttemperaturebeeninArgentina?A.About45℃.B.About42℃.C.About31℃.19.HowdidJoseCasabalcoolhischildrendown?A.Byturningontheairconditioner.B.Byaskingthemtodrinkmuchwater.C.Bytakingthemtodoawatersport.20.WhatisLucasBerengua?A.Aweatherexpert.B.Alocalofficial.C.Aweatherprogramhost.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ABelowareafewexamplesofverydifferentmothersfromdifferentauthors,fromtheclassicstomoderndayexamples.TheRailwayChildrenbyEdithNesbitWhentheirfatheristakenawaybytwostrangersoneevening,thelivesofRoberta,PeterandPhylissarebrokenup.TheyandtheirmotherareforcedtomovefromtheircomfortableLondonhometoasimplecottageinthecountrywheretheirmotherwritesbookstomakeendsmeet.Thisissuchalovelystoryofhowthechildrenadapttotheirnewwayoflifebytherailwaysandofhowtheirmothercontinuestocareforthemandbringthemup,sometimestothepointwecouldalmostbelievesheistoogoodtobetrue!TheDwellingPlacebyCatherineCooksonSetinCountyDurhaminthe1830s,CissyBrodyandheryoungsiblingsaredrivenoutfromtheirfarmcottagewhenbothoftheirparentsdieofcholera.Determinedthatsheandthechildrenwillnotenterthefrighteningworkhouse,youngCissytakesontheparentalresponsibilityforthemandmovesthemalltoliveinasmallcaveonthemoorswheretheywillfacemanyhardshipsbeforefindingahappyending.LittleWomenbyLouisaMayAlcottInthisbook,themother,MrsMarch,isthegluethatholdsthefamilytogetherthroughtheCivilWaraswefollowthelivesofherdaughters,Jo,Meg,AmyandBeth.TheirfatherisawayservingasaChaplaininthewarandhavinglosttheirfortune,theirmothermustuseallherresourcestokeepthefamilytogether,whichshedoesremarkablywell.PrideandPrejudicebyJaneAustenSometimesgarrulous,rudeandmaterialistic,yetstrangelylikeable,MrsBennetleadsherfivedaughters,Jane,Elizabeth,Mary,KittyandLydia,tosuitablemarriages.Nothingwillstandinherwayalthoughsometimesherratherfull-onapproachdoesscareawaysuitablesuitors.Sometimestouchingandatothertimesfunny,itneverfailstomakemesmile.1.HowdoesthemotherinTheRailwayChildrensupportherfamily?A.Bystartingherwritingcareer. B.Bysellingthecomfortablehouse.C.Byworkingattherailway. D.Bywashingclothesfortherich.2.WhatisLittleWomensetin?A.Arichfamily. B.Thewarperiod. C.Theimaginaryfuture. D.Thecountryside.3.Whichbookcoversthesubjectofmarriage?A.TheRailwayChildren. B.TheDwellingPlace. C.LittleWomen. D.PrideandPrejudice.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四本書的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TheyandtheirmotherareforcedtomovefromtheircomfortableLondonhometoasimplecottageinthecountrywheretheirmotherwritesbookstomakeendsmeet.(他們和母親被迫從倫敦舒適的家搬到鄉(xiāng)下一所簡陋的小屋，母親在那里寫書以維持生計)”可知，《鐵路孩子》中的母親是通過寫作養(yǎng)家。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inthisbook,themother,MrsMarch,isthegluethatholdsthefamilytogetherthroughtheCivilWaraswefollowthelivesofherdaughters,Jo,Meg,AmyandBeth.TheirfatherisawayservingasaChaplaininthewarandhavinglosttheirfortune,theirmothermustuseallherresourcestokeepthefamilytogether,whichshedoesremarkablywell.(在這本書中，母親馬奇太太是南北戰(zhàn)爭期間維系家庭的粘合劑，我們跟隨她的女兒喬、梅格、艾米和貝絲的生活。他們的父親在戰(zhàn)爭中擔(dān)任牧師，失去了財產(chǎn)，他們的母親必須利用她所有的資源來維持家庭的團(tuán)結(jié)，她做得非常好)”可知，《小婦人》是以戰(zhàn)爭時期為背景的。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sometimesgarrulous,rudeandmaterialistic,yetstrangelylikeable,MrsBennetleadsherfivedaughters,Jane,Elizabeth,Mary,KittyandLydia,tosuitablemarriages.Nothingwillstandinherwayalthoughsometimesherratherfull-onapproachdoesscareawaysuitablesuitors.Sometimestouchingandatothertimesfunny,itneverfailstomakemesmile.(班納特太太有時喋喋不休、粗魯無禮、物質(zhì)至上，但卻出奇地討人喜歡。她帶領(lǐng)她的五個女兒——簡、伊麗莎白、瑪麗、基蒂和莉迪亞——找到了合適的婚姻。沒有什么能阻擋她的腳步，盡管有時她全力以赴的方式確實嚇跑了合適的追求者。有時感人，有時有趣，它總是讓我微笑)”可知，《傲慢與偏見》是關(guān)于婚姻的。故選D。BAt70yearsoldandnearly200poundsheavy,JoanMacDonald’shealthwasdeteriorating(惡化)rapidly.Heramazingbodytransformationinspiredthousands!Shewastakingacocktailofmedications(藥物)toaddresshermanyillnesses:highbloodpressure,highcholesterol,andacidreflux.Whilemanywouldsaythatit’snormalforpeopleatherage,Joanknewtherehadtobeabetterway.Doctorssaidshehadtomakeadjustmentstoherlifestyle,orelse,shewouldhavetotakeincreaseddosagesofthesemedications.AlthoughJoancouldn’trememberthelasttimeshereallythoughtaboutherhealth,sheknewitwastimeforthatbodytransformation.Joanwatchedhermomtakemedicationaftermedication,andshedidn’twanttoendupthatway.Joanbeganwithsmallchanges,includingwalking,practicingyoga,andliftingweights.Aftersixmonthsofhardwork,Joanwasabletoshed45pounds.Eversinceshestartedworkingoutandeatingmorehealthilyin2017,thistoughwomanhasmanagedtoloseatotalof50pounds!Herroutineinvolveshittingthegymfivedaysaweek,doingweightlifting,anddoing15to30minutesofsports.WhileJoanadmittedtostrugglingwiththetechnologyatfirst,sherefusedtothrowinthetowel.Sinceshecarriedoutthesechangesinherlife,Joanhasfeltsomuchbetter.She’sgottenoffhermedicationsandherarthritisisnotasbothersomeasbefore.Now,Joanisinspiringwomenofallagesworldwidebyprovingtothemthatit’snevertoolatetochange.Heradvicetootherwomenwhowanttomakeachangebutdon’tknowhowtois“tobelievethatitispossible!Eventhoughyoucan’tturnbacktheclock,youcanwinditupagain.”4.WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofJoan’sillnesses?A.Theyshouldbecuredimmediately. B.Theyarecompletelyavoidable.C.Theyarenearlyharmlesstohealth. D.Theyarecommonforpeopleintheir70s.5.WhyisJoan’smothermentionedinthetext?A.ToshareJoan’smother’slatelife. B.ToshowtheoriginofJoan’sillnesses.C.ToexplainJoan’smotivationtochange. D.Tostresstheimportanceofhealth.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.TheeffortsJoanhasmade. B.Joan’sgiftforsports.C.ThechallengesJoanhasmet. D.Joan’sfavoriteactivities.7.WhatcanwelearnfromJoan’sstory?A.Wherethereislife,thereishope. B.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.C.Thegoodseamanisknowninbadweather. D.Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了70歲的瓊·麥克唐的健康狀況逐漸惡化，但她積極地做出改變激勵了成千上萬的人?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“manywouldsaythatit’snormalforpeopleatherage,Joanknewtherehadtobeabetterway.（很多人會說這對她這個年紀(jì)的人來說很正常）”可知，人們通常認(rèn)為瓊的病對70多歲的人來說很常見。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Joanwatchedhermomtakemedicationaftermedication,andshedidn’twanttoendupthatway.（瓊看著媽媽一次又一次地服藥，她不想以這種方式結(jié)束。）”可知，文中提到了瓊的母親是為了說明瓊做出改變的動機(jī)。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段的“Joanbeganwithsmallchanges,includingwalking,practicingyoga,andliftingweights.Aftersixmonthsofhardwork,Joanwasabletoshed45pounds.Eversinceshestartedworkingoutandeatingmorehealthilyin2017,thistoughwomanhasmanagedtoloseatotalof50pounds!Herroutineinvolveshittingthegymfivedaysaweek,doingweightlifting,anddoing15to30minutesofsports.（瓊開始做一些小的改變，包括散步、練習(xí)瑜伽和舉重。經(jīng)過六個月的努力，瓊瘦了45磅。自從2017年開始鍛煉并吃得更健康以來，這位堅強(qiáng)的女人已經(jīng)成功地減掉了50磅！她的日常活動包括每周五天去健身房，舉重，以及15到30分鐘的運動。）”可知，第四段主要講述的是瓊為獲得健康所做的努力。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Now,Joanisinspiringwomenofallagesworldwidebyprovingtothemthatit’snevertoolatetochange.Heradvicetootherwomenwhowanttomakeachangebutdon’tknowhowtois“tobelievethatitispossible!Eventhoughyoucan’tturnbacktheclock,youcanwinditupagain.”（現(xiàn)在，瓊正在激勵全世界所有年齡段的女性，向她們證明改變永遠(yuǎn)不會太遲。她給其他想做出改變但不知道如何改變的女性的建議是“相信這是可能的！你無法讓時鐘反轉(zhuǎn),但你能重新上發(fā)條。”）”可知，我們能從瓊的故事看得出有志向的人能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)目標(biāo)，即B項（心之所愿，無所不成）。故選B。CAfteradolphinwasfoundswimmingaloneinacreek(淺灣)inFlorida,marinebiologistsformedahumanchaintorescueit.Dolphinstypicallytravelingroupscalleda“school”ora“pod”,althoughsolitary(獨自的)dolphinsarebecomingmorecommon.Thiscanbeacauseforconcernbecausedolphinsarenaturallysociablecreatures,soiftheyareisolated(孤立)fromotherdolphins,theymayturntheirattentiontohumaninteraction.Thisinturncanbedangerous,bothfordolphinsandhumans.Dolphinscanbecomedependentonhumansforfood,andbecomelessinclinedtofeedontheirown.Additionally,dolphinsthatareusedtohumancontactspendmoretimeinshallowwaters,whichcanleadtostandingsorboatcrashes.Meanwhile,humanswhogettooclosetodolphinscanfindthemselveswithinjuriessuchasbrokenbones.Therefore,afterseeingthatthedolphinhadbeenaloneinforafewdays,andwasneararesidentialareawithpotentialforhumandisturbance,NOAAFisheriesServicedecidedtotakeaction.Twenty-eightbiologistsfromtheClearwaterMarineAquarium,NOAAandFWCcametogethertoformahumanchain,creatingabarrierthatwouldguidethedolphinoutofthecreek.RescuebiologistBrittanyBaldricasaid,“Thegoalwastojustbeabarrierthatwasnoveltotheanimal,sowewantedtocreateaphysicalbarrieraswellasanauditory(聽覺的)barrier.Wehadsomebodybehindusthatwasbangingonaboat,settingofftheirengineandthenweweresplashingwaterandmovingforwardtowardstheanimal,soweweregivingtheanimaltheoptiontoswimthroughthebridgeonitsown.”Therescuewassuccessful,withthedolphinmakingitswayoutofthecreek.8.Whichofthefollowingsituationscanmakepeopleworried?A.Moredolphinsarebecomingsolitary.B.Dolphinsalwaysliveingroups.C.Dolphinsarebecomingindependentfromhumans.D.Dolphinshavenointeractionwithhumans.9Whichmaybeaconsequenceofadolphinbeingisolated?A.Beinghuntedbyhumans. B.Becominglesscruel.C.Relyingonhumansforfood. D.Stayingindeepwaterslonger.10.Whatisthefunctionofthehumanchain?A.Offeringhumaninteractiontothedolphin.B.Preventingthedolphinfromrunningintoboats.C.Makingthedolphindesiretomovearound.D.Guidingthedolphinoutoftheshallowwater.11.WhatismainlyexpressedinBrittany’swords?A.Thetroublethedolphinwasin. B.Thepeoplewhorescuedthedolphin.C.Thewaythedolphinwasrescued. D.Themeaningofrescuingthedolphin.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了獨自生活的海豚正變得越來越普遍，海洋生物學(xué)家組建人鏈來拯救它們?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“…solitarydolphinsarebecomingmorecommon.Thiscanbeacauseforconcernbecausedolphinsarenaturallysociablecreatures.”（獨自生活的海豚正變得越來越普遍。這可能是一個令人擔(dān)憂的原因，因為海豚天生就是善于交際的生物。）可知，越來越多的海豚變得獨自生活，這會讓人擔(dān)心。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“soiftheyareisolatedfromotherdolphins,theymayturntheirattentiontohumaninteraction”（所以如果它們與其他海豚隔離，它們可能會將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向與人類進(jìn)行互動）及第三段的“Dolphinscanbecomedependentonhumansforfood”（海豚會變得依賴人類獲取食物）可知，海豚被隔離后可能依靠人類獲取食物。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Twenty-eightbiologistscametogethertoformahumanchain,creatingabarrierthatwouldguidethedolphinoutofthecreek.”（28名生物學(xué)家組成了一條人鏈，形成了一道屏障，引導(dǎo)海豚離開小溪。）可知，人鏈的功能是引導(dǎo)海豚離開淺水區(qū)。故選D?！?1題詳解】段落大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“RescuebiologistBrittanyBaldricasaid,“Thegoalwastojustbeabarrierthatwasnoveltotheanimal,sowewantedtocreateaphysicalbarrieraswellasanauditorybarrier.Wehadsomebodybehindusthatwasbangingonaboat,settingofftheirengineandthenweweresplashingwaterandmovingforwardtowardstheanimal,soweweregivingtheanimaltheoptiontoswimthroughthebridgeonitsown.””（救援生物學(xué)家BrittanyBaldrica說，“我們的目標(biāo)是成為一個對動物來說新穎的屏障，所以我們想創(chuàng)造一個物理屏障和聽覺屏障。我們身后有人在敲船，啟動他們的發(fā)動機(jī)，然后我們潑水，朝著動物前進(jìn)，所以我們讓動物可以選擇自己游過大橋?！保┛芍?，布列塔尼的話主要講的是海豚獲救的方式。故選C。DItmaybebettertoletamildfeverrunitscourseinsteadofautomaticallyreachingformedication,newresearchofUniversityofAlbertasuggests.Researchersfoundthatuntreatedmildfeverhelpedfishcleartheirbodiesofinfectionrapidly,controlinflammation(炎癥)andrepairdamagedtissue.“Weletnaturedowhatnaturedoes,andinthiscaseitisverymuchapositivething,”saysDanielBarreda,leadauthoronthestudy.Mildfeverisself-resolving,meaningthatthebodycanbothcauseitandshutitdownnaturallywithoutmedication,Barredaexplains.Thehealthadvantagesofnaturalfevertohumansstillhavetobeconfirmedthroughresearch,buttheresearcherssaybecausethemechanisms(機(jī)制)drivingandsustainingfeveraresharedamonganimals,itisreasonabletoexpectthatsimilarbenefitsaregoingtohappeninhumans.Thatsuggestsweshouldresistreachingforfevermedicationsatthefirstsignsofamildtemperature,hesays.“Theytakeawaythediscomfortfeltfromfever,butyou’realsolikelytogiveawaysomeofthebenefitsofthisnaturalresponse.”Forthestudy,fishweregivenabacterialinfectionandtheirbehaviourwasthentrackedandevaluatedusingmachinelearning.Outwardsymptomsweresimilartothoseseeninhumanswithfever,includingimmobility,fatigueandmalaise.Thesewerethenmatchedtoimportantimmune(免疫)mechanismsinsidetheanimals.Theresearchshowedthatnaturalfeveroffersanintegrativeresponsethatnotonlyactivatesdefencesagainstinfection,butalsohelpscurbit.Theresearchersfoundthatfeverhelpedtoclearthefishofinfectioninaboutsevendays—halfthetimeittookforthoseanimalsnotallowedtohavefever.Feveralsohelpedtoshutdowninflammationandrepairdamagedtissue.“Ourgoalistodeterminehowtobesttakeadvantageofourmedicaladvanceswhilecontinuingtocontrolandusethebenefitsfromnaturalmechanismsofimmunity,”saysBarreda.12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthehealthbenefitofnaturalfevertohumans?A.Itisimpractical. B.Itneedsproving.C.Ithasbeenfrequentlytested. D.Itisusefulinmakingmedicine.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curb”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Replace. B.Explore. C.Control. D.Observe.14.Howdidnaturalfeverhelpthefish?A.Byshorteningtheinfectiontime. B.Byimprovingtheirlivingconditions.C.Bysendingwarningstotheirbrain. D.Byextendingtheirlife.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Naturedoeswhatitshoulddo. B.Mildfeverisself-resolving.C.Animalssharethemechanismsoffever. D.Mildfeverhelpsclearinfectionsfaster.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)輕度發(fā)燒有助于魚類迅速清除體內(nèi)的感染，解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的意義?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thehealthadvantagesofnaturalfevertohumansstillhavetobeconfirmedthroughresearch,buttheresearcherssaybecausethemechanisms(機(jī)制)drivingandsustainingfeveraresharedamonganimals,itisreasonabletoexpectthatsimilarbenefitsaregoingtohappeninhumans.(自然發(fā)熱對人類健康的好處還需要通過研究來證實，但研究人員表示，由于動物之間驅(qū)動和維持發(fā)燒的機(jī)制是相同的，因此有理由期待類似的好處也會發(fā)生在人類身上)”可知，關(guān)于自然發(fā)熱對人類的健康益處還需要證明。故選B?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Researchersfoundthatuntreatedmildfeverhelpedfishcleartheirbodiesofinfectionrapidly,controlinflammation(炎癥)andrepairdamagedtissue.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，未經(jīng)治療的輕度發(fā)燒有助于魚類迅速清除體內(nèi)的感染，控制炎癥，修復(fù)受損組織)”；劃線詞上文“naturalfeveroffersanintegrativeresponsethatnotonlyactivatesdefencesagainstinfection(自然發(fā)熱提供了一種綜合反應(yīng)，不僅激活了對感染的防御)”以及后文“Theresearchersfoundthatfeverhelpedtoclearthefishofinfectioninaboutsevendays—halfthetimeittookforthoseanimalsnotallowedtohavefever.Feveralsohelpedtoshutdowninflammationandrepairdamagedtissue.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)燒可以幫助魚在大約7天內(nèi)清除感染，這是那些不允許發(fā)燒的動物所需時間的一半。發(fā)燒也有助于關(guān)閉炎癥和修復(fù)受損組織)”可知，后文提到了發(fā)燒可以幫助魚類縮短感染時間，說明自然發(fā)熱有助于控制感染，故劃線詞意思是“控制”。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theresearchersfoundthatfeverhelpedtoclearthefishofinfectioninaboutsevendays—halfthetimeittookforthoseanimalsnotallowedtohavefever.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)燒可以幫助魚在大約7天內(nèi)清除感染，這是那些不允許發(fā)燒的動物所需時間的一半)”可知，自然發(fā)熱幫助魚類縮短感染時間。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Researchersfoundthatuntreatedmildfeverhelpedfishcleartheirbodiesofinfectionrapidly,controlinflammation(炎癥)andrepairdamagedtissue.“Weletnaturedowhatnaturedoes,andinthiscaseitisverymuchapositivething,”saysDanielBarreda,leadauthoronthestudy.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，未經(jīng)治療的輕度發(fā)燒有助于魚類迅速清除體內(nèi)的感染，控制炎癥，修復(fù)受損組織。該研究的主要作者丹尼爾·巴雷達(dá)說：“我們讓大自然順其自然，在這種情況下，這是一件非常積極的事情?！?”結(jié)合文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)輕度發(fā)燒有助于魚類迅速清除體內(nèi)的感染，解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的意義?？芍?，D選項“輕度發(fā)燒有助于更快清除感染”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Thelifeofastudentisbusy.Toensureyouhaveahealthylifestyle,employthesetipsinyourdailyroutine.Cutdownonsugar____16____.Thatistosay,whatyoueatmatters.Healthyeatingresultsinyouthfulskin,boostsenergylevelsandenhancestheimmunesystem,whichreducesdiseases.Anunhealthybodyincreasestheriskofdiseases.Whenyouareunwell,youwillmissclasses,whichinturnaffectsyouracademicperformance.Avoidingmealscontainingprocessedsugaristhebestwaytoliveahealthylife.SaynotostressDuetothehighexpectationsplacedonstudents,manyexperiencehighlevelsofstress.____17____.Chronic(長期的)stresseventuallyleadstodepression,irritability,anxiety,inabilitytoconcentrateandanincreaseinriskybehavior.____18____Thephrase“toomuchofanythingispoisonous”appliestothemealsyoueat.Eatingmorecarbohydrates(碳水化合物)causesyourbloodsugarlevelstogettoohigh.Toomuchfatleadstoobesity,andconsumingexcessproteinsputsyourkidneysatriskoffailing.Avoidconsumingtoomuchofaspecificmealbyoptingforabalanceddiet.GetanexercisepartnerAlthoughit’sanessentialpartofahealthylifestyle,workingoutregularlycanbeastruggleformoststudentswithabusyschedule.____19____.Aworkoutpartnercomesintokeepyouresponsible,offercompanionshipandgiveyouthepushyouneedtomakephysicalactivitypartofyourroutine.Don’tovercommitIfyoufrequentlyovercommit,youwillstretchyourselftoothinandeventuallyspendlesstimeonthingsthatreallymatter.Ifyoufindyourselfsayingyestoeveryinvitationbecauseyoudon’twanttodisappointyourfriends,theresultwillbeyoudealingwithburnout.____20____.A.Balanceproteins,fatandcarbohydratesB.MakeyoursparetimefullandwonderfulC.AhealthylifestylestartswithahealthydietD.EvenstudentswhomakeitaNewYearresolutionoftengiveuponthegoalE.SochooseahealthylifeandplanyourtimewiselytoavoidovercommittingF.Sugardoesn’tplayabigpartinsecuringahealthybodyG.Infact,academicstresshasbecomealifestylecrisisaffectingstudentsatalllevels【答案】16C17.G18.A19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了保持健康生活方式的建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Thatistosay,whatyoueatmatters.Healthyeatingresultsinyouthfulskin,boostsenergylevelsandenhancestheimmunesystem,whichreducesdiseases.Anunhealthybodyincreasestheriskofdiseases.Whenyouareunwell,youwillmissclasses,whichinturnaffectsyouracademicperformance.Avoidingmealscontainingprocessedsugaristhebestwaytoliveahealthylife.(也就是說，你吃什么很重要。健康的飲食使皮膚年輕，提高能量水平，增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)，從而減少疾病。不健康的身體會增加患病的風(fēng)險。當(dāng)你身體不舒服時，你會缺課，這反過來會影響你的學(xué)習(xí)成績。避免含有加工糖的食物是健康生活的最佳方式)”可知，本段主要是關(guān)于健康的飲食對健康生活方式的重要性，故C選項“健康的生活方式始于健康的飲食”符合語境，故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Duetothehighexpectationsplacedonstudents,manyexperiencehighlevelsofstress.(由于對學(xué)生的高期望，許多人經(jīng)歷了高水平的壓力)”以及后文“Chronic(長期的)stresseventuallyleadstodepression,irritability,anxiety,inabilitytoconcentrateandanincreaseinriskybehavior.(慢性壓力最終會導(dǎo)致抑郁、易怒、焦慮、無法集中注意力和危險行為的增加)”可知，上文提到了學(xué)生的壓力來源，后文則說明了壓力的危害，G選項中students對應(yīng)上文students。故G選項“事實上，學(xué)業(yè)壓力已經(jīng)成為一種影響各級學(xué)生的生活方式危機(jī)”符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Thephrase“toomuchofanythingispoisonous”appliestothemealsyoueat.Eatingmorecarbohydrates(碳水化合物)causesyourbloodsugarlevelstogettoohigh.Toomuchfatleadstoobesity,andconsumingexcessproteinsputsyourkidneysatriskoffailing.Avoidconsumingtoomuchofaspecificmealbyoptingforabalanceddiet.(“任何東西吃多了都是有毒的”這句話適用于你吃的食物。吃更多的碳水化合物會導(dǎo)致你的血糖水平過高。過多的脂肪會導(dǎo)致肥胖，攝入過多的蛋白質(zhì)會使你的腎臟有衰竭的風(fēng)險。選擇均衡的飲食，避免某一餐吃得太多)”可知，本段主要說明了吃過了碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)的危害，即要平衡這三者。故A選項“平衡蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪和碳水化合物”符合語境，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Althoughit’sanessentialpartofahealthylifestyle,workingoutregularlycanbeastruggleformoststudentswithabusyschedule.(盡管這是健康生活方式的重要組成部分，但對于大多數(shù)日程繁忙的學(xué)生來說，定期鍛煉可能是一件困難的事情)”以及后文“Aworkoutpartnercomesintokeepyouresponsible,offercompanionshipandgiveyouthepushyouneedtomakephysicalactivitypartofyourroutine.(健身伙伴會讓你有責(zé)任感，提供陪伴，給你推動力，讓你把體育鍛煉變成日常生活的一部分)”可知，上文提到了對學(xué)生來說定期鍛煉的困難性，故本句繼續(xù)說明其困難的具體表現(xiàn)：即使是把它作為新年決心的學(xué)生也經(jīng)常放棄這個目標(biāo)。故D選項“即使是把它作為新年決心的學(xué)生也經(jīng)常放棄這個目標(biāo)”符合語境，故選D。【20題詳解】根據(jù)標(biāo)題“Don’tovercommit(不要過度投入)”以及上文“Ifyoufrequentlyovercommit,youwillstretchyourselftoothinandeventuallyspendlesstimeonthingsthatreallymatter.Ifyoufindyourselfsayingyestoeveryinvitationbecauseyoudon’twanttodisappointyourfriends,theresultwillbeyoudealingwithburnout.(如果你經(jīng)常過度投入，你就會把自己拉得太緊，最終在真正重要的事情上花的時間就會變少。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己因為不想讓朋友失望而答應(yīng)了每一個邀請，那么你就會感到精疲力竭)”可知，本段的主旨是避免過度投入，E選項中overcommitting對應(yīng)上文overcommit。故E選項“因此，選擇健康的生活方式，明智地規(guī)劃你的時間，避免過度投入”符合語境，故選E。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。65-year-oldDeeHarkriderhadjustfinishedashoppingtripatherlocalWalmartanddidn’trealizeshe’dleftherwalletinashoppingcart.Soonaftershe____21____,DelivontaeJohnson,19,drovehiscarintothelotofthesameWalmartinForrestCity,Arkansas,inneedofa____22____tireafterhittingapothole(坑).Afterhedroveintoaspace,Johnson____23____ablackiteminacart:itwasawallet,containingHarkrider’sdriver’slicense,cashandbankcards.Hisimmediate____24____was,“Ihavetotrytofindoutwhothisladyisandgiveherwalletback.”Johnson____25____thedriver’slicensetofindherthroughFacebook.Hesenttheladya(n)____26____,sayingthathewasdrivingnorthtoherhomeinWynneto____27____thewallet.Butatthesametime,Harkriderwasmilesawayinthe____28____direction,visitingafriendinPalestine.____29____,JohnsonmadeaU-turnandthepair_____30_____inarestaurantparkinglotinPalestine.“Igavehimabighug,”Harkridersaid.“I’m_____31_____thatwehaveyoungpeopleouttherelikehim.”Despitethe_____32_____difference,HarkriderhasbefriendedJohnsonandhisfamily,wholiveinForrestCity.Meanwhile,Johnson,inschooltoearnhiscommercialdrivinglicense,isheartenedbywhat’sgrownoutofhis_____33_____.“Peoplenowadayshavealotofbadthingstosayaboutteenagers,”Johnsonsays.“My_____34_____wastogivebackthewallettowhoeveritbelongedto.AndIthinkthatistherightthingformetodo.Ifeel_____35_____now.”21.A.turnedup B.pulledover C.droveoff D.hungout22.A.new B.big C.cheap D.fixed23.A.accepted B.selected C.placed D.spotted24.A.challenge B.reaction C.suggestion D.mission25.A.discovered B.compared C.checked D.reported26.A.invitation B.certificate C.contract D.message27.A.return B.search C.claim D.recognize28.A.given B.opposite C.wrong D.right29.A.Frequently B.Occasionally C.Immediately D.Actually30.A.met B.argued C.parted D.competed31.A.worried B.calm C.confused D.grateful32.A.income B.age C.national D.racial33.A.judgment B.plan C.kindness D.wish34.A.concern B.opportunity C.regret D.occupation35.A.lucky B.strong C.unique D.joyful【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.C26.D27.A28.B29.C30.A31.D32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇記敘文。文章講述了19歲的Johnson在超市停車場發(fā)現(xiàn)了購物車?yán)锏腻X包后，立馬根據(jù)錢包里的駕照信息在Facebook上聯(lián)系到失主，65歲的DeeHarkrider，親自交到她手里，得到了老人的肯定?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在她開車離開后不久，19歲的DelivontaeJohnson把車開進(jìn)了阿肯色州福雷斯特城的同一家沃爾瑪?shù)耐＼噲?，因為撞了一個坑，需要換一個新輪胎。A.turnedup出現(xiàn)；B.pulledover靠邊停車；C.droveoff開車離開；D.hungout閑逛，消磨時間。根據(jù)下文“Butatthesametime,Harkriderwasmilesawayinthe____8____direction,visitingafriendinPalestine.(但與此同時，Harkrider卻在數(shù)英里之外的一個相反的方向，去巴勒斯坦拜訪一位朋友。)”可知，Harkrider購物后，開車離開（droveoff）超市后去拜訪一個朋友。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在她開車離開后不久，19歲的DelivontaeJohnson把車開進(jìn)了阿肯色州福雷斯特城的同一家沃爾瑪?shù)耐＼噲?，因為撞了一個坑，需要換一個新輪胎。A.new新的；B.big大的；C.cheap便宜的；D.fixed固定的。根據(jù)句中afterhittingapothole可知，車子輪胎出了問題，需要換一個新的（new）。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他把車開到一個車位后，約翰遜發(fā)現(xiàn)購物車?yán)镉幸粋€黑色的東西：那是一個錢包，里面裝著哈克里德的駕照、現(xiàn)金和銀行卡。A.accepted接受；B.selected選擇；C.placed放置；D.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文“65-year-oldDeeHarkriderhadjustfinishedashoppingtripatherlocalWalmartanddidn’trealizeshe’dleftherwa