高中英語-閱讀理解教學課件設(shè)計

閱讀理解Learningaims

1.Haveagoodcommandofreadingskillstohelpusgetdetailinformation。2.Learnhowtostudybyyourselfandcooperatewitheachother考綱解讀命題趨勢命題規(guī)律

英語閱讀理解細節(jié)理解題1.閱讀理解旨在考查考生理解不同題材和體裁的書面材料以及從中獲取信息的能力。2.要求考生能讀懂有關(guān)日常生活的簡短文字材料,例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報紙、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段。3.考生應(yīng)能:理解主旨要義;理解文中具體信息;根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義;做出判斷和推理;理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu);理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度?？季V解讀命題規(guī)律命題趨勢考察點201620152014記敘文·全國Ⅰ,C[人物故事]·全國Ⅱ,B[個人經(jīng)歷]·全國Ⅱ,D[社會文化]·全國Ⅲ,B[人物故事]·全國Ⅰ,B[個人經(jīng)歷]·全國Ⅱ,A[個人經(jīng)歷]·全國Ⅱ,A[人物故事]應(yīng)用文·全國Ⅱ,A[新聞廣告]·全國Ⅲ,A[新聞廣告]·全國Ⅰ,A[新聞廣告]·全國Ⅱ,D[介紹說明]·全國Ⅰ,A[新聞廣告]·全國Ⅱ,D[介紹說明]議論文·全國Ⅰ,C[社會文化]考綱解讀命題規(guī)律命題趨勢考察點201620152014說明文·全國Ⅰ,A[人物介紹]·全國Ⅰ,B[社會文化]·全國Ⅰ,D[社會文化]·全國Ⅱ,C[文化教育]·全國Ⅲ,C[介紹說明]·全國Ⅲ,D[社會文化]·全國Ⅰ,C[介紹說明]·全國Ⅰ,D[社會文化]·全國Ⅱ,B[科普知識]·全國Ⅱ,C[文化教育]·全國Ⅰ,B[環(huán)境與自然]·全國Ⅰ,D[社會文化]·全國Ⅱ,B[環(huán)境與自然]·全國Ⅱ,C[社會文化]考綱解讀命題規(guī)律閱讀理解還會以考查說明文、記敘文和應(yīng)用文居多,題材以個人經(jīng)歷、人物故事、介紹說明、社會文化、新聞廣告等為主,內(nèi)容更貼近生活、貼近時代;而在題型方面,會以細節(jié)推斷題為主。命題趨勢

題型概述細節(jié)理解題一般根據(jù)短文提供的信息和事實進行提問,命題人往往通過對文章細節(jié)加以改寫來考查考生準確理解細節(jié)的能力。細節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解中占有相當大的比例,一般包括:1.直接理解題——在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who,what,when,where,why和how等提問。2.間接信息題——需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進行語意上的轉(zhuǎn)換,兩者存在表達上的差異,有時需要進行加工或整理方能得出結(jié)論。3.數(shù)字計算題——文章中直接給出來相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),要經(jīng)過具體的計算才能夠得出答案。4.排列順序題——根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,找出事件發(fā)生的正確順序。

方法歸納方法1事實認定類題目的做題方法

1.常見設(shè)問形式①Accordingtotheauthor,who/what/when/where/which/why/how…?②Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/nottrue?③Thestatementmadebytheauthorisbasedontheevidence/example/factthat…④WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthetext?⑤TheauthorstatesallofthefollowingEXCEPT…⑥Allofthefollowingstatementsaretrue/falseexcept…考點一2.做題方法事實認定類題目一般包括直接理解題和間接理解題。做這類題時一般采用定位法和查讀法。定位法是一個常用的方法,即根據(jù)題干或選項中的線索從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子,通過分析和比較,從而確定答案。運用查讀法要注意,在選擇答案前應(yīng)首先看準題干,看清問題所問。然后查讀文章,注意尋找與題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞語或句子。最后,在充分理解原文、題目的基礎(chǔ)上確定答案。2016·乙卷(全國Ⅰ),B

Asathird-generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.25.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?A.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties. B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C.Itenabledhertomakemorefriends.D.Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.

ANostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertoadultchildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudyby,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.RobinsonsdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?17%expressedtheirsupportforit. Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C.83%believedithadabadinfluence. D.Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend

D.Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.

28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph?Makedecisionsinthebestinterestsoftheirown. Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.C.Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren. D.GettoknowthemselvesbetterA方法2排列順序類題目的做題方法

1.常見設(shè)問形式①Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderof…?②Whichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingprocessofchanges?③WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph…?④WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectordertodescribeFitzgerald’slifeaccordingtothepassage?2.做題方法這類試題要求考生根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,排列出事件發(fā)生的正確順序。做這種題時可采用"首尾定位法",即先找出第一個事件和最后一個事件,迅速縮小選擇范圍,從而快速選出答案。從體裁上看,該類試題主要出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說明文中?？键c二

[·山東,C][1]Youcan‘talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.ButdesignerMikhailBelyaevdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.That‘swhyhecreatedLampbrella,alamppostwithitsownrain-sensingumbrella.[2]ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia."Once,IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy(傘篷)builtintoastreetlamp,"hesaid.[3]TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemand.Sensors(傳感器)thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.…68.WhichofthefollowingshowshowtheLampbrellaworks?A.motor→canopy→sensors

B.sensors→motor→canopyC.motor→sensors→canopy

D.canopy→motor→sensors解析排列順序題。根據(jù)文章的第三段內(nèi)容可知,當傳感器感知到雨水的降落,燈傘里的電動馬達就會把傘打開,故其順序為:傳感器——馬達——傘篷。答案B方法3數(shù)字和計算類題目的做題方法數(shù)字和計算類試題是近幾年高考中常考的內(nèi)容,有的可以在文章中直接找到答案,有的可以在文章中找到相關(guān)的數(shù)字信息,但要經(jīng)過具體的計算才能夠得出答案。文章中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字信息有時會通過單詞表現(xiàn)出來,如decade,century,fortnight,double,score等。做這類題目時應(yīng)做到以下三點:第一,要審清題目,弄清題目問的是什么,不要想當然回答;第二,要比對原文中的數(shù)字和單位;第三,不要忽視文中的任何一個數(shù)字。最后經(jīng)過對比、分析、計算得出答案?？键c三(2015·四川高考C)AcrossBritain,burnttoastwillbeservedtomothersinbedthismorningasoldersonsanddaughtersrushtodelivertheirsupermarketbunchesofflowers.But,accordingtoanewstudy,weshouldbeplacingahighervalueonmotherhoodallyear.Mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork.Now,thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours,theywouldearnasmuchas$172,000ayear.Thestudylookedattherangeofjobsmothersdo,aswellasthehourstheyareworking,todeterminethefigure.Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome￡30,000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.38．HowmuchwouldamotherearnayearifworkingasthePrimeMinister?A．￡30,000. B．￡142,000.C．￡172,000. D．￡202,000.解析：B

根據(jù)文章的theywouldearnasmuchas$172,000ayear.以及Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome￡30,000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.可知，總理的工資是172000－30000＝142000。故選擇B。題1【解析】根據(jù)第一則信息“OperaatMusicHall”及本段中的細節(jié)“TheOperahonorsEnjoy

the

Artsmembershipdiscounts.Phone：241－2742”可知答案A1．Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoseeanopera?A．241－2742.

B．723－1182.C．381－3300. D．232－6220當堂達標OperaatMusicHall：1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoy

the

Artsmembershipdiscounts.Phone：241－2742.http：//www.cityopera.com.題2【解析】細節(jié)理解——直接信息題。根據(jù)題干中的February定位到第四段，該日期對應(yīng)的講座主題是該段第一句AnUpdateontheCotswoldCanals…。故選D項。

D…February6thAnUpdateontheCotswoldCanals,byLizPayne.TheStroudwaterCanalismovingtowardreopening.TheThamesandSevernCanalwilltakealittlelonger.Wewillhaveareportonthepresentstateofplay.…22.WhatisthetopicofthetalkinFebruary?A.TheCanalPioneers.B.IcefortheMetropolis.C.EyotsandAits—ThamesIslands.D.AnUpdateontheCotswoldCanals.題3【解析】細節(jié)理解——語義轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)該段第三句Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在藍色房間內(nèi)吃飯的人要比在黃色或紅色房間內(nèi)吃飯的人少吃33%的食物，這和B項意思相符。故選B項。B…Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.…26.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople______.A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintakeC.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites題4【解析】細節(jié)理解——年代/數(shù)字題。根據(jù)征稿啟事中的AnecdotesandJokes$50可知，在該雜志上發(fā)表一則笑話稿費是50美元。故選A項。A…AnecdotesandJokes$50What’smadeyoulaughrecently?Afunnysign?Acolleague’sbehavior?Gotajoke?SenditinforLaughteristheBestMedicine!Email:juliet@…46.Howmuchwillthemagazinepayforajoketobepublished?A.$50.B.$100.C.$150.D.$350.題5【解析】根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容可知，首先，研究人員為用戶設(shè)計一種特殊的帽子，它會捕捉頭皮發(fā)出的信號并將其傳給電腦。電腦將這些信號進行分析、翻譯，給監(jiān)控下的機器人輪椅發(fā)出指令。機器人輪椅裝有兩個攝像頭，能識別程序路徑中的物體，幫助電腦對人腦的指令作出反應(yīng)，故C項正確。C…Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(頭皮)andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.…73.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchairB.computer→cap→scalp→wheelchairC.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchairD.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair選項特點1.正確選項的特點(1)對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞,變成正確選項。(2)詞性或者語態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性,或者改變原文句子的語態(tài),給考生制造障礙。(3)語言簡化。把原文中的復雜語言現(xiàn)象進行簡化,變成正確選項。(4)正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達,變成正確選項(適用于尋找錯誤選項的題目)。總結(jié)2.干擾項的特點(1)將原文內(nèi)容擴大或縮小。把原文中的限定詞去掉或替換掉,使該選項看似正確,實際上卻是錯誤選項。(2)把未然當已然。改變文中某句話的時態(tài),如把將來時變成現(xiàn)在時,把未發(fā)生的事情當成已發(fā)生的事情。(3)無中生有。即選項內(nèi)容是根據(jù)主觀想象或推測得出的結(jié)論,而文中并未涉及。(4)偷換概念。把原來做該事的"張三"換成"李四",而所述細節(jié)卻與原文一致,一不小心就會誤選。(5)文不對題。這類選項最不容易辨別,選項中的描述與原文完全一致,確實屬于原文中的一個細節(jié),這時要回到題干,看該選項是否能回答題干所提的問題。(6)符合常識,但不是文章內(nèi)容。(7)部分正確,部分錯誤。

解題時的注意事項1.首先弄清題干和每個選項的含義,帶著問題去閱讀,做到有的放矢。通常來說,只要仔細閱讀,此類問題的答案都可以在閱讀材料中找到相應(yīng)的文字和語段來驗證。2.按照題目的要求尋找與之相關(guān)的細節(jié),正確估計答案來源。有的題目只要抓住文章的某處信息,即可找到正確答案;有的則需要綜合文章多處信息加以分析,才能找到正確答案。3.要注意題目和文章的關(guān)鍵詞的暗示作用。忽略了它們的暗示作用,就失去了解題的鑰匙。如forexample,suchas的例證作用;thatis,inotherwords的解釋作用;however,but的轉(zhuǎn)折作用等。4.運用文章的過渡詞找到解決問題的突破口。過渡詞能夠表達各種語意關(guān)系,可以借助它們弄清事件的來龍去脈。更重要的是,這些過渡詞絕大多數(shù)與細節(jié)性的問題有著密切的聯(lián)系,問題的答案往往是用表達各種語意關(guān)系的過渡詞來引出的。5.注意文中和題干中設(shè)計的"陷阱",不要被表面信息所迷惑。另外,有些題目的設(shè)置采用反向思維,題干中含有not或except等否定詞,對此要特別小心,以免上當。

（2016北京卷）

SurvivingHurricaneSandy(颶風桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgeclosed.鞏固案Homework

WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.

“MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays.“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick’scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,who