句法結(jié)構(gòu)梳理

句法結(jié)構(gòu)梳理第一部分基本句架_、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞由tobe構(gòu)成）Hewasanengineer. 他曾是位工程師。Myfatherisingoodhealth.我父親身體挺好的。ThatisallIwanttosay. 這就是我想說(shuō)的。Friendsaremanybuttruefriendsarerare. 朋友多但真正的朋友并不多。I’mnotsureaboutthat. 我對(duì)那事沒(méi)把握。TheresultsarewhatIexpected. 這結(jié)果是我預(yù)料到的。Thedifferencebetweenvictoryanddefeatistheslightlyofmargin.勝利和失敗只是毫厘之差。Seeingisbelieving. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Yourhelphasbeenofgreatvalue. 你的幫助很大。Iamthefirstchildinmyfamilytoattendcollege.我是家里第一個(gè)上大學(xué)的孩子。Yourtaskistofinishthejobwithintwodays. 你們的任務(wù)是在兩天內(nèi)完成此項(xiàng)工作。系動(dòng)詞前有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Hewillbeinchargeoftheproject. 他將負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工程。Johncanbeyourguideduringtheholiday. 約翰可在假期為你作導(dǎo)游。LittleTomwasabletodothejobalone. 小湯姆能獨(dú)立做這個(gè)工作。Ofthreepeoplewhotraveltogether,theremustbesomeonewho_canbemyteacher. 三人行必有我?guī)?。Redcolormaybfiasymbolfordanger. 紅色也許是危險(xiǎn)的信號(hào)。能起系動(dòng)詞作用的動(dòng)詞Thepieceofsilkfeelssoft.這塊綢料手感柔軟。Hewentachildandreturnedanoldman.他走時(shí)還是個(gè)孩子，歸來(lái)已是老人。Theproblemseemedquiteeasy,butitsoonappearedverydifficult.問(wèn)題似乎很簡(jiǎn)單，但很快就顯現(xiàn)出它的難度。NowIcanresteasysinceIhavewonthegoodresult.我獲得了好成績(jī)現(xiàn)在可以放心了。Throughhiseffort,hiswishcametrue. 通過(guò)努力他的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Weremainedfriends.我們?nèi)匀皇桥笥?。二、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（行為動(dòng)詞）（一）行為動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)Iwillhavehimdothejob. 我要讓他做這個(gè)工作。Doyoufeelthehouseshaking? 你覺(jué)得房子在晃動(dòng)嗎？Theypaintedthedoorwhite. 他們把門涂成了白色。Themusicreachesthedepthsofmysoul. 音樂(lè)觸及我的靈魂深處。Abrightsmilehelpsyoucommunicatewithothers. 燦爛的微笑有助于你和他人交往。及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)Hewaswarnednottobelate.他被警告不要遲到。Shewasbelievedhonest.相信她是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。Teaisgenerallyservedat3o’clock. 一般是三點(diǎn)鐘供應(yīng)茶水。Thewindowswereshuttightagainsttherain. 為防雨窗子關(guān)得很緊。Ourofficerswereequippedwithup-to-minutecomputers. 我們辦公室裝備了最新式的電腦。Hewasaccusedofneglectinghisduties. 他被指控瀆職。（二）行為動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞Trafficaccidentusuallyhappenedwhenpeoplearenotcarefulenough.發(fā)生交通事故往往是人們大意的時(shí)候。Insummerthetemperaturesometimesrisesashighas39°C. 夏天溫度可達(dá)39度。Soundtravelsat340metrespersecondinair.聲速每秒340米。Theroadextendsfortwomiles. 這條路延伸2英里。Onecan’tsucceedunlesshetried. 人要努力才能成功。三、Therebe句型Theremustbereasonsforhislate. 他來(lái)晚了必有原因。Therewillbemuchworktobedone.將有許多工作要做。Therehavebeengreatchangesinthecitysincelastyear.去年以來(lái)這座城市變化很大。TherearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanIimagine.困難可能比我想象的要多。Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenttothelibrary. 沒(méi)有別的事可做，我們就去圖書館。Hehasreadallthereferencebooksthereareonthesubject.（therebe作定語(yǔ)從句）他已閱讀了所有論述這個(gè)題目的參考書籍。Wherethereislife,thereishope.哪里有生命，哪里就有希望。第二部分句子的種類陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句一、簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型：?主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)?主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)?主語(yǔ)+聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)?主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)?主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句的五種句例Webreathe.我們呼吸。Thetaskincludessweepingthefloorandcleaningthewindows. 任務(wù)包括拖地板和擦窗子。Thedirectionischangeable.方向是可變的。Myfatherboughtmeacomputer. 父親給我買了一部電腦。You5ilhaveteaserved. 會(huì)提供茶水給你的。陳述句Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.勤能補(bǔ)拙。Safetycomesfirst.安全第一。Hedidnotseemtobeready.他似乎沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備。Thiswillneverdo.這絕行不通。HespentalargepartofhisyouthinBeijing. 他在北京度過(guò)他的大部分青春年華。WeofferthemtheirownroomandaccesstotheInternet. 我們提供給他們自己的房間并能上網(wǎng)。祈使句LeaveitwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando. 把它留給我，看看我能做什么。TakethingsastheyareandyouJiienjoyeverydayofyourlife. （如能做到）隨遇而安，你會(huì)每天都生活得很快樂(lè)的。Helpotherswheneveryoucanandyouwillmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein能幫助別人時(shí)盡力去幫，這樣你就能生活在更加美好的世界里。感嘆句Whatawfulweathertoday!HowawfUlitistoday!Howdifficulttheproblemis!Whatastupidsuggestion!Whatbeautifulclothesshewears!Whatapleasureitistoseethesun!Howlovely!Howbluetheskyis!疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句Shallwegoforawalk?特殊疑問(wèn)句Whatdoyouwantwhenyougrowup?選擇疑問(wèn)句Doyouwantfriedorboiledegg?反意疑問(wèn)句Weforgottobringourtickets,butpleaseletusenter,willyou?主謂一致Thereareagreatmanyanglestothismatter.看事情有許多角度。Thereinnoenvironmentaldamage. 環(huán)境沒(méi)有被破壞。Thenumberofpassengersdoesnotagreewiththeidea. 相當(dāng)數(shù)量的乘客不同意這個(gè)主意。Thenumberofcarsisbelow50. 小汽車的數(shù)量不到50輛。Anumberofyoungmenhavegoneabroad. 許多年輕人去了國(guó)外。Someofthevisitorsareleaving. 一些來(lái)訪者要走了。Oneofthegirlshasseenthestrangerbefore.其中一個(gè)小女孩見(jiàn)過(guò)這個(gè)陌生人。MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmithsisalsotrueoftheJohnsons.大多數(shù)有關(guān)史密斯一家人的說(shuō)法，和對(duì)約翰遜一家的說(shuō)法一樣。并列句：同等關(guān)系、選擇關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、不用并列連詞Heseizesthehourandmakeseveryminutecount.他分秒必爭(zhēng)。Onecannotseetheair,however,itdoesexist.人看不見(jiàn)空氣，然而它確實(shí)存在。ThewinterinLondoniscoldandtheskyisalwaysgrey. 冬季的倫敦寒冷，天總是灰蒙蒙的。Shenevercleansorevenofferstowashthedishes.她從不干清潔的活即或是刷碗碟之類。Notonlythecomputercanstorethedata,butitcanalsoanalyzethem.計(jì)算機(jī)不僅能儲(chǔ)存數(shù)據(jù)還能進(jìn)行分析。Eitheryouusedthewrongwords,oryouwerenotcarefulenough.你不是用錯(cuò)了單詞，就是不夠細(xì)心。Theircarwasbiggerandthereforemorecomfortable. 他們的轎車大些，所以更加舒適。Thebosspromisedawageincreasetotheworkers,soonhedidit.老板答應(yīng)給工人加工資，很快就兌現(xiàn)了。邏輯關(guān)系一致（高考試題）Whilewatchingtelevision,A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringsHavingbeenattackedbyterrorists,.A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.Warningsweregiventotourists插入語(yǔ)詞序（2007全國(guó)卷-28）Weallknowthat,,thesituationwillgetworse.A.notifdealtcarefullywith_B.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullywith二、復(fù)合句1。定語(yǔ)從句⑴TheBeatles,asmanyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool披頭士是利物浦人，像你們?cè)S多年紀(jì)大的人還記得。（2） Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,whichmeantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.電影業(yè)主需要做很大改進(jìn)并雇傭更多的人來(lái)使其運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，這意味著要花掉數(shù)萬(wàn)英鎊。（3） Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,wheetheylearnsimplegamesandsongs.（2007全國(guó)I-22）一些學(xué)齡前兒童前往日托中心，在那里他們可以學(xué)習(xí)一些簡(jiǎn)單的游戲和歌曲。（4） Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople^mos^ofwhomarehealthy.（2007北京卷-23）我們不該花錢測(cè)試這么多人，而這些人大多數(shù)身體健康。（5） I’llgiveyoumyfriend’saddress,whereIcanbereachedmostevenings.（2008北京卷）我給你我朋友的地址，在那里多數(shù)晚上你都可以找到我。

2。名詞性從句（1）賓語(yǔ)從句-Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?（全國(guó)卷2006）-TheyalwaysletmedowhatIthinkIwould.Pleaseremindmewhenhesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐宜麕讜r(shí)要走，我會(huì)及時(shí)送他。Whathereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.（2007上海卷）他在文章里所提到的東西不為一般讀者所知。Thatmathematicsfindsitsuseineveryscienceisevident.。。。顯而易見(jiàn)4?Whetheranorganismisaplantorananimalsometimestaxesthebrainofabiologist.是否。。。Itisapitythathedidn’tcometoourmeetingyesterday.可惜。。。Itturnedoutthattheexperimentwasasuccess結(jié)果證明。。。（3） 表語(yǔ)從句Seetheflagontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswhatwedidthismorning.（06全國(guó)）看見(jiàn)樓頂上的那面旗子了嗎？那時(shí)我們今天早上插上去的。Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaristhatitcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure?（06上海）彈奏吉他的一個(gè)好處是它能給你帶來(lái)極大快樂(lè)。（4） 同位語(yǔ)從句ThereismuchchancethatBillwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.比爾養(yǎng)好傷，及時(shí)參賽的可能性較大。（06天津）AlongwiththeletterwashispromisethathewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.與這封信一起的還有他的承諾，就是他在即將來(lái)臨的圣誕節(jié)要來(lái)看我。（04上海春季卷）3.Astorygoes3.Astorygoesth’rmtElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.據(jù)說(shuō)英國(guó)伊麗沙白一世那時(shí)最喜歡的不過(guò)是在宮廷內(nèi)有聰明、有貴族資格的人圍繞。（04上海卷）It’sbasedontheideathatallpeoplearecreatedequal.這是建立在所有人同等被開(kāi)發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)這一理念。Imakeasuggestionthathousesshouldbebuiltforthepeoplewhoreallyneed.我提出的建議是應(yīng)該為真正需要的人建房。Wehavereceivedinformationthatthesteelplantwillbemovedoutofthecity.我們得到信息該鋼廠將搬出本城。There’salwaysapossibilitythathemightgobacktoSeattle.他回到西雅圖去的可能性總是有的。3、狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(4) 目的狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句(5)原因狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Itisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlifeuntilwe5veactuallyhadthatlesson.我們往往在生活中遭受實(shí)際挫折后才容易從中汲取教訓(xùn)。Don’tbeafraidofaskingforhelpwhenitisneeded.需要時(shí)，盡管求助。Manycropsaregoneforeverbeforeweknewanythingaboutthem. 許多作物在我們來(lái)不及了解就永遠(yuǎn)消失了。NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanastormbrokeout. 我剛到家風(fēng)暴就來(lái)了。Onceyoubegintheworkyoumustcontinue.工作一旦開(kāi)始，就得做下去。Dropinwheneveryouhavetime.有空就來(lái)呀。EachtimehecametoBeringhewouldstaywithmeforafewdays.他每次來(lái)北京總要和我呆上幾天。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Ifyouaretravelingwherethecustomersarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.如果你所到之處的風(fēng)俗與你本人確實(shí)格格不入，那就請(qǐng)你入鄉(xiāng)隨俗吧。Iworkinabusinesswherealmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.我做生意的那地方幾乎人人在等大買賣的機(jī)會(huì)。原因狀語(yǔ)從句JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,asthiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured.詹尼損失了她在加拿大拍攝的圖片，非常傷心，因?yàn)檫@是她尤為珍惜的記憶。Icheckedalltheresultstimeandagainforfearthatthereshouldbeanymistakes.我再三核對(duì)了所有結(jié)果，惟恐有差錯(cuò)。Sinceyou’reobviouslyagainstitthere’snopointinpursuingthepossibility.因?yàn)槟忝黠@反對(duì)此事，那么追求這個(gè)可能性就沒(méi)有意義了。Iwon’tstaylong,seeingasyou’rebusy.(因?yàn)?看見(jiàn)你正忙，我就不多呆了。Becauseshewasveryyoungforheragewedecidednottosendhertoschool. 因?yàn)樗昙o(jì)太小我們不打算送她去上學(xué)。Thegravestoneswerecoveredwithmosssothatitwasimpossibletoreadthenamesonthem. 墓碑被青苔覆蓋，所以沒(méi)法看清上面的名字。

（4）目的狀語(yǔ)從句Rosesneedspecialcaresothattheycanlivethroughwinter. 玫瑰需要特別的呵護(hù)以便它們能過(guò)冬。Sheworkedhardsothateverythingwouldbereadyby6o’clock.她很賣力地干以便在6點(diǎn)以前把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。Theytrytofinishthejobinadvanceinorderthattheyhaveenoughtimetodothenext. 他們?cè)噲D提前完成工作為了能有足夠時(shí)間做下一件事。（5）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句IwassoweakandtiredJhaLIgotontomykneesandstartedmovingacrossthesandsonallfour.我又虛弱有勞累，我只有跪下，開(kāi)始爬沙地。Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsocietythatithaseveninfluenceourlanguage.（07上海）通俗音樂(lè)是社會(huì)如此重要的部分，甚至影響到了我們的語(yǔ)言。（6）方式狀語(yǔ)從句Hedidnotneedtokeepmovinghouse,ashisfatherhad. 正如他的父親那樣，他不必老是搬家。Youshouldnottreathimasifhewereachild. 你不該把他當(dāng)作小孩子來(lái)對(duì)待。Thelampsonthesidesofthestreetshinebrightlyasthoughitwereinthedaytime.路旁的燈照耀得如同白晝。（7）比較狀語(yǔ)從句Theuniverseismuchmorecomplicatedthanyouthink. 宇宙要比你想象的復(fù)雜得多。Theywantpeaceasmuchaswedo. 他們和我們一樣希望和平。3.Themoreanation’scompanieslocatefactoriesabroad,thes3.Themoreanation’scompanieslocatefactoriesabroad,thesmalerthecountry’srecordedexportswillbe.一個(gè)國(guó)家的公司在國(guó)外設(shè)立工廠愈多，其可記錄的出口量就愈少。（8）條件狀語(yǔ)從句IfIcanhelpit,Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight. （06全國(guó)）如果我有辦法我才不愿意工作到深夜。AslongasIknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit. （03北京）只要知道那筆錢安全，我就不擔(dān)心了。Asmallcarisbigenoughforafamilyofthree.unlessyouneedmorespaceforbaggage.（08全國(guó)卷）Iwon’tcallyou,unlesssomethingunexpectedhappens.（07全國(guó)卷）我不會(huì)打電話給就，除非發(fā)生了什么意外。IfIcanhelpit,Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight.（06全國(guó)）如果我有辦法我才不愿意工作到深夜。AslongasIknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.（03北京）只要知道那筆錢安全，我就不擔(dān)心了。Itisknowntoallthatunlessyouexerciseregularly,youwon’tkeepgoodhealth.大家都知道，你要保持身體健康就要有規(guī)律地鍛煉。（05重慶）（9）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Althoughhehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.這位老工人雖然技術(shù)知識(shí)有限，但經(jīng)驗(yàn)卻十分豐富。Heisquitecleverthoughheisonlysevenyearsold. 他雖然只有七歲可是十分得聰明。Theoldtowermustbesaved,whateverthecost. 無(wú)論付出什么代價(jià)也一定要挽救這座古塔。HoweverhardItried,Icouldnotmemorizethetext. 我雖然很用功，但還是記不住課文。Simpleasthequestionmayseem,itisnotatallcommoninnature.這問(wèn)題似乎簡(jiǎn)單，但實(shí)質(zhì)上它一點(diǎn)也不普通。Howeverwellpreparedyouare,youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.（2008上海卷）不論你準(zhǔn)備得多好，登山還是需要很多運(yùn)氣的。?三、 含it的結(jié)構(gòu)I’dlikeChineseteawithnothinginit. 我想要點(diǎn)中國(guó)清茶。Ittakesskillstoplaythepianoverywell. 彈一手好鋼琴需要功夫。Itcostssomuchtorenttheflat. 租一套公寓要花很多錢。Itiseasyforthecomputertomaketheconnectionbetweentwoplaces. 計(jì)算機(jī)使兩地聯(lián)系變得容易。I’dappreciateitifyoucouldtellmemore.如果你能在多講些我將十分感激。Itwasstupidofhimtoleavethecarunlocked.他真太傻連車都沒(méi)鎖。Wefounditveryhardtogetridofthebadhabit.我們覺(jué)得改掉壞習(xí)慣很難。Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.我討厭有人講話時(shí)嘴里吃東西。Peopleshouldmakeitarulenevertoswimtoofaroutfromthebeach應(yīng)規(guī)定不要在離海灘距離太遠(yuǎn)的地方游泳。Itisrequiredintheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount. 規(guī)定里要求你不應(yīng)該把你的電子帳戶密碼告訴別人。（2008全國(guó)卷II-32） ItwasinNewZealandthatElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.（2008上海卷）Ithasbeenprovedthateatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.四、 倒裝句語(yǔ)法倒裝：Isthisthebookborrowedfromthelibrary?這是不是那本從圖書館借來(lái)的書？WhatcanIdoforyou?我能為你做什么？Therestandsanewbridgeinthecenterofthestreets.在街道中央矗立著一座新橋。HadIknownitearlier,Iwouldhavehelpedhim.如果我早知道這事，我就會(huì)幫他的。Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldn’tpassthefinalexam.如果不是你的幫助，期末考試我就通不過(guò)了。修辭倒裝：Manyadaydidhewasteoverthoseuselessschemes.他為這些無(wú)用的計(jì)劃費(fèi)去了多日。Onlyinthiswaycanyouovercomethedifficulties.只有用這種方法才能克服困難。Seldomdoesmymothergooutforavisitbecauseofoldage.母親因年邁很少出訪。Onlythroughconcentratedstudycanshehopetoqualifyfortheaward. 她只有專心研讀，方可有資格獲獎(jiǎng)。withconfidencecomessuccess. 成功來(lái)自信心。I’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeansistheteachersatisfiedwithmyprogress.（06重慶）NeverinmywildestdreamscouldIimaginethesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoorconditions.（06安徽）SodifficultdidIfindittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.（06廣東）SomuchofinterestdoesBeijingofferthatmostvisitorssimplyrunoutoftimebeforeseeingitall.（08上海） 北京提供那么多的景點(diǎn)，以至大多數(shù)參觀者就是花上時(shí)間也來(lái)不及把景點(diǎn)都看了。五、省略句----被省略的部分：主語(yǔ)（祈使句）Cutoffthepowersupplyofthecircuit.Thinkithard,andyou’llfindtheanswer.謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分Foodisabsorbed,andwaste（are）eliminated.（Isthere）anythingIcandoforyou?賓語(yǔ)-Dowegetpaidthisweek? -Ihopeso.Istheguestinthehall?-Ican’tsayforcertain（whetherheisornot）.*主語(yǔ)謂