流體力學(xué)詞匯大全

流體力學(xué)詞匯大全流體動力學(xué)fluiddynamics連續(xù)介質(zhì)力學(xué)mechanicsofcontinuousmedia介質(zhì)medium流體質(zhì)點fluidparticle（質(zhì)點，粒子）無粘性流體nonviscousfluid,inviscidfluid連續(xù)介質(zhì)假設(shè)continuousmediumhypothesis流體運動學(xué)fluidkinematics水靜力學(xué)hydrostatics支配方程governingequation伯努利方程Bernoulliequation伯努利定理Bernonllitheorem畢奧-薩伐爾定律Biot-Savartlaw歐拉方程Eulerequation?il?亥姆霍茲定理Helmholtztheorem開爾文定理Kelvintheorem渦片vortexsheet庫塔-茹可夫斯基條件 Kutta-Zhoukowskicondition布拉休斯解Blasiussolution達(dá)朗貝爾佯廖d'Alembertparadox雷諾數(shù)Reynoldsnumber施特魯哈爾數(shù)Strouhalnumber隨體導(dǎo)數(shù)materialderivatived??'?v?t?v;d?'r?v?t?v不可壓縮流體incompressiblefluid質(zhì)量守恒conservationofmass動量守恒conservationofmomentum能量守恒conservationofenergy動量方程momentumequation能量方程energyequation控制體積controlvolume液體靜壓hydrostaticpressure渦量擬能enstrophy壓差differentialpressure流［動］flow流線streamline流面streamsurface流管streamtube跡線path,pathline流場flowfield流態(tài)flowregime（狀態(tài)）流動參量flowparameterp??ræm?t?（r）;p?'ræm?t?流量flowrate,flowdischarge渦旋vortex渦量vorticity渦絲vortexfilament渦線vortexline渦面vortexsurface渦層vortexlayer渦環(huán)vortexring渦對vortexpair渦管vortextube渦街vortexstreet卡門渦街Karmanvortexstreet馬蹄渦horseshoevortex對流渦胞convectivecell卷筒渦胞rollcell渦eddy渦粘性eddyviscosityviscosrty||v?s'kas?t?/-'k?s-]環(huán)流circulation環(huán)量circulation速度環(huán)量velocitycirculationv???s?t?;v?'Ias?t?偶極子doublet,dipole駐點stagnationpoint總壓[力]totalpressure總壓頭totalhead靜壓頭statichead總焓totalenthalpy能量輸運energytransport速度剖面velocityprofile?pr?ufa?l;'profa?l（側(cè)面，輪廓）庫埃特流Couetteflow單相流singlephaseflow單組份流single-componentflow均勻流uniformflow非均勻流nonuniformflow二維流two-dimensionalflow三維流three-dimensionalflow準(zhǔn)定常流quasi-steadyflowquasi[quasi||'kwe?za?,sa?/'kwa?z?]adj.類似的;半的;外表的;準(zhǔn)的非定常流unsteadyflow,non-steadyflow暫態(tài)流transientflow?trænz??nt;US?træn?nt;'træn??nt周期流periodicflow振蕩流oscillatoryflow'oscillatory||'cs?le?t?r?/'?s分層流stratifiedflow[stratified||'stræt?fa?d]無旋流irrotationalflow有旋流rotationalflowr??'te??n?l軸對稱流axisymmetricflows?'metr?k不可壓縮性incompressibility不可壓縮流[動]incompressibleflow浮體floatingbody定傾中心metacenter阻力drag,resistance減阻dragreduction表面力surfaceforce表面張力surfacetension毛細(xì)[管作用capillarity來流incomingflow自由流freestream自由流線freestreamline外流externalflow進(jìn)口entrance,inlet出口exit,outlet擾動disturbance,perturbation分布distribution傳播propagation色散dispersion彌散dispersion附加質(zhì)量addedmass,associatedmass收縮contraction鏡象法imagemethod無量綱參數(shù)dimensionlessparameter幾何相似geometricsimilarity運動相似kinematicsimilarity動力相似[性]dynamicsimilarity平面流planeflow勢potential勢流potentialflow速度勢velocitypotential復(fù)勢complexpotential復(fù)速度complexvelocity流函數(shù)streamfunction源source匯sink速度[水頭velocityhead拐角流cornerflow空泡流cavityflow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavityflow空氣動力學(xué)aerodynamics低速空氣動力學(xué)low-speedaerodynamics高速空氣動力學(xué)high-speedaerodynamics氣動熱力學(xué)aerothermodynamics亞聲速流[動]subsonicflow跨聲速流[動]transonicflow超聲速流[動]supersonicflow錐形流conicalflow楔流wedgeflow葉柵流cascadeflow非平衡流[動]non-equilibriumflow細(xì)長體slenderbody細(xì)長度slenderness鈍頭體bluffbody鈍體bluntbody翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理論thin-airfoiltheory構(gòu)型configuration后緣trailingedge迎角angleofattack失速stall脫體激波detachedshockwave波阻wavedrag誘導(dǎo)阻力induceddrag誘導(dǎo)速度inducedvelocity臨界雷諾數(shù)criticalReynoldsnumber前緣渦leadingedgevortex附著渦boundvortex約束渦confinedvortex氣動中心aerodynamiccenter氣動力aerodynamicforce氣動噪聲aerodynamicnoise氣動加熱aerodynamicheating離解dissociation地面效應(yīng)groundeffect氣體動力學(xué)gasdynamics稀疏波rarefactionwave熱狀態(tài)方程thermalequationofstate噴管Nozzle普朗特-邁耶流Prandtl-Meyerflow瑞利流Rayleighflow可壓縮流[動]compressibleflow可壓縮流體compressiblefluid絕熱流adiabaticflow非絕熱流diabaticflow未擾動流undisturbedflow等熵流isentropicflow勻熵流homoentropicflow蘭金-于戈尼奧條件Rankine-Hugoniotcondition狀態(tài)方程equationofstate量熱狀態(tài)方程caloricequationofstate完全氣體perfectgas拉瓦爾噴管Lavalnozzle馬赫角Machangle馬赫錐Machcone馬赫線Machline馬赫數(shù)Machnumber馬赫波Machwave當(dāng)?shù)伛R赫數(shù)localMachnumber沖擊波shockwave激波shockwave正激波normalshockwave斜激波obliqueshockwave頭波bowwave附體激波attachedshockwave激波陣面shockfront激波層shocklayer壓縮波compressionwave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction繞射diffraction出口壓力exitpressure超壓[強]overpressure反壓backpressure爆炸explosion爆轟detonation緩燃deflagration水動力學(xué)hydrodynamics液體動力學(xué)hydrodynamics泰勒不穩(wěn)定性Taylorinstability蓋斯特納波Gerstnerwave斯托克斯波Stokeswave瑞利數(shù)Rayleighnumber自由面freesurface波速wavespeed,wavevelocity波高waveheight波列wavetrain波群wavegroup波能waveenergy表面波surfacewave表面張力波capillarywave規(guī)則波regularwave不規(guī)則波irregularwave淺水波shallowwaterwave深水波deepwaterwave重力波gravitywave橢圓余弦波cnoidalwave潮波tidalwave涌波surgewave破碎波breakingwave船波shipwave非線性波nonlinearwave孤立子soliton水動[力噪聲hydrodynamicnoise水擊waterhammer空化cavitation空化數(shù)cavitationnumber空蝕cavitationdamage超空化流supercavitatingflow水翼hydrofoil水力學(xué)hydraulics洪水波floodwave漣漪ripple消能energydissipation海洋水動力學(xué)marinehydrodynamics謝齊公式Chezyformula歐拉數(shù)Eulernumber弗勞德數(shù)Froudenumber水力半徑hydraulicradius水力坡度hvdraulicslope高度水頭elevatinghead水頭損失headloss水位waterlevel水躍hydraulicjump含水層aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲線backwatercurve壓[強水頭pressurehead過水?dāng)嗝鎓lowcross-section明槽流openchannelflow孔流orificeflow無壓流freesurfaceflow有壓流pressureflow緩流subcriticalflow急流supercriticalflow漸變流graduallyvariedflow急變流rapidlyvariedflow臨界流criticalflow異重流densitycurrent,gravityflow堰流weirflow摻氣流aeratedflow含沙流sediment-ladenstream降水曲線dropdowncurve沉積物sediment,deposit沉[降堆積sedimentation,deposition沉降速度settlingvelocity流動穩(wěn)定性flowstability不穩(wěn)定性instability奧爾-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeldequation渦量方程vorticityequation泊肅葉流Poiseuilleflow奧辛流Oseenflow剪切流shearflow粘性流[動]viscousflow層流laminarflow分離流separatedflow二次流secondaryflow近場流nearfieldflow遠(yuǎn)場流farfieldflow滯止流stagnationflow尾流wake[flow]回流backflow反流reverseflow射流jet自由射流freejet管流pipeflow,tubeflow內(nèi)流internalflow擬序結(jié)構(gòu)coherentstructure猝發(fā)過程burstingprocess表觀粘度apparentviscosity運動粘性kinematicviscosity動力粘性dynamicviscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切層shearlayer次層sublayer流動分離flowseparation層流分離laminarseparation湍流分離turbulentseparation分離點separationpoint附著點attachmentpoint再附reattachment再層流化relaminarization起動渦startingvortex駐渦standingvortex渦旋破碎vortexbreakdown渦旋脫落vortexshedding壓[力降pressuredrop壓差阻力pressuredrag壓力能pressureenergy型阻profiledrag滑移速度slipvelocity無滑移條件non-slipcondition壁剪應(yīng)力skinfriction,frictionaldrag壁剪切速度frictionvelocity磨擦損失frictionloss磨擦因子frictionfactor耗散dissipation滯后lag相似性解similarsolution局域相似localsimilarity氣體潤滑gaslubrication液體動力潤滑hydrodynamiclubrication漿體slurry泰勒數(shù)Taylornumber納維-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokesequation牛頓流體Newtonianfluid邊界層理論boundarylatertheory邊界層方程boundarylayerequation邊界層boundarylayer附面層boundarylayer層流邊界層laminarboundarylayer湍流邊界層turbulentboundarylayer溫度邊界層thermalboundarylayer邊界層轉(zhuǎn)捩boundarylayertransition邊界層分離boundarylayerseparation邊界層厚度boundarylayerthickness位移厚度displacementthickness動量厚度momentumthickness能量厚度energythickness焓厚度enthalpythickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒渦Taylorvortex速度虧損律velocitydefectlaw形狀因子shapefactor測速法anemometry粘度測定法visco[si]metry流動顯示flowvisualization油煙顯示oilsmokevisualization孔板流量計orificemeter頻率響應(yīng)frequencyresponse油膜顯示oilfilmvisualization陰影法shadowmethod紋影法schlierenmethod煙絲法smokewiremethod絲線法tuftmethod氫泡法nydrogenbubblemethod相似理論similaritytheory相似律similaritylaw部分相似partialsimilarity定理pitheorem,Buckinghamtheorem靜[態(tài)校準(zhǔn)staticcalibration動態(tài)校準(zhǔn)dynamiccalibration風(fēng)洞windtunnel激波管shocktube激波管風(fēng)洞shocktubewindtunnel水洞watertunnel拖曳水池towingtank旋臂水池rotatingarmbasin擴散段diffuser測壓孔pressuretap皮托管pitottube普雷斯頓管prestontube斯坦頓管Stantontube文丘里管VenturitubeU形管U-tube壓強計manometer微壓計micromanometer多管壓強計multiplemanometer靜壓管static[pressure]tube流速計anemometer風(fēng)速管Pitot-statictube激光多普勒測速計laserDoppleranemometer,laserDopplervelocimeter熱線流速計hot-wireanemometer熱膜流速計hot-filmanemometer流量計flowmeter粘度計visco[si]meter渦量計vorticitymeter傳感器transducer,sensor壓強傳感器pressuretransducer熱敏電阻thermistor示蹤物tracer時間線timeline脈線streakline尺度效應(yīng)scaleeffect壁效應(yīng)walleffect堵塞blockage堵寒效應(yīng)blockageeffect動態(tài)響應(yīng)dynamicresponse響應(yīng)頻率responsefrequency底壓basepressure菲克定律Ficklaw巴塞特力Bassetforce?？颂財?shù)Eckertnumber格拉斯霍夫數(shù)Grashofnumber努塞特數(shù)Nusseltnumber普朗特數(shù)prandtlnumber雷諾比擬Reynoldsanalogy施密特數(shù)schmidtnumber斯坦頓數(shù)Stantonnumber對流convection自由對流naturalconvection,freeconvec-tion強迫對流forcedconvection熱對流heatconvection質(zhì)量傳遞masstransfer傳質(zhì)系數(shù)masstransfercoefficient熱量傳遞heattransfer傳熱系數(shù)heattransfercoefficient對流傳熱convectiveheattransfer輻射傳熱radiativeheattransfer動量交換momentumtransfer能量傳遞energytransfer傳導(dǎo)conduction熱傳導(dǎo)conductiveheattransfer熱交換heatexchange臨界熱通量criticalheatflux濃度concentration擴散diffusion擴散性diffusivity擴散率diffusivity擴散速度diffusionvelocity分子擴散moleculardiffusion沸騰boiling蒸發(fā)evaporation氣化gasification凝結(jié)condensation成核nucleation計算流體力學(xué)computationalfluidmechanics多重尺度問題multiplescaleproblem伯格斯方程Burgersequation對流擴散方程convectiondiffusionequationKDU方程KDVequation修正微分方程modifieddifferentialequation拉克斯等價定理Laxequivalencetheorem數(shù)值模擬numericalsimulation大渦模擬largeeddysimulation數(shù)值粘性numericalviscosity非線性不穩(wěn)定性nonlinearinstability希爾特穩(wěn)定性分析Hirtstabilityanalysis相容條件consistencyconditionCFL條件Courant-Friedrichs-Lewycondition,CFLcondition狄里克雷邊界條件Dirichletboundarycondition熵條件entropycondition遠(yuǎn)場邊界條件farfieldboundarycondition流入邊界條件inflowboundarycondition無反射邊界條件 nonreflectingboundarycondition數(shù)值邊界條件numericalboundarycondition流出邊界條件outflowboundarycondition馮.諾伊曼條件vonNeumanncondition近似因子分解法approximatefactorizationmethod人工壓縮artificialcompression人工粘性artificialviscosity邊界元法boundaryelementmethod配置方法collocationmethod能量法energymethod有限體積法finitevolumemethod流體網(wǎng)格法fluidincellmethod,FLICmethod通量校正傳輸法flux-correctedtransport method通量矢量分解法fluxvectorsplittingmethod伽遼金法Galerkinmethod積分方法integralmethod標(biāo)記網(wǎng)格法markerandcellmethod,MACmethod特征線法methodofcharacteristics直線法methodoflines矩量法momentmethod多重網(wǎng)格法multi-gridmethod板塊法panelmethod質(zhì)點網(wǎng)格法particleincellmethod,PICmethod質(zhì)點法particlemethod預(yù)估校正法predictor-correctormethod投影法projectionmethod準(zhǔn)譜法pseudo-spectralmethod隨機選取法randomchoicemethod激波捕捉法shock-capturingmethod激波擬合法shock-fittingmethod譜方法spectralmethod稀疏矩陣分解法splitcoefficientmatrixmethod不定常法time-dependentmethod時間分步法timesplittingmethod變分法variationalmethod渦方法vortexmethod隱格式implicitscheme顯格式explicitscheme交替方向隱格式alternatingdirectionimplicitscheme,ADIscheme反擴散差分格式anti-diffusiondifferencescheme緊差分格式compactdifferencescheme守恒差分格式conservati