概要寫作微技能訓(xùn)練

概要寫作微技能訓(xùn)練——如何提煉與處理次要點(diǎn)段落中前后有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的，主要點(diǎn)在后面轉(zhuǎn)折部分，前面的信息要適當(dāng)選用（尤其是字?jǐn)?shù)較多的情況下），用while/although/despite/inspiteof等引出。例1:Avegetariandietisoftenpraisedforitshealthbenefits.Studieshaveshownthatvegetariansusuallyhavelowerlevelsofheartdiseaseandalowerriskofdiabetesthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Whatmostpeoplearelessawareof,however,aretheeffectsthatavegetariandietcanhaveontheenvironment.要點(diǎn)： 【牛刀小試】Itistoolatetodoanythingtohelpmanylanguages,wherethespeakersaretoofewortooold,andwherethecommunityistoobusyjusttryingtosurvivetocareabouttheirlanguage.Butmanylanguagesarenotinsuchaseriousposition.Oftenwherelanguagesareseriouslyendangered,therearethingsthatcanbedonetogivenewlifetothem.要點(diǎn)： 當(dāng)段落中出現(xiàn)firstly,secondly,finally或also,besides,what'smore,inaddition,moreover等表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的連接詞時(shí)，這些次要點(diǎn)都需要提取?？刹捎闷叫薪Y(jié)構(gòu)（幾個(gè)次要點(diǎn)都采用相同的句法結(jié)構(gòu)）合并次要點(diǎn)。例2:Fromonepointofview,peoplewhoacceptchangesthinkthatchangesmaketheirlifemeaningful.Firstly,changescreatenewopportunities,whichmakeusleapforward.Anewjob,forinstance,mightpresentchallengesthatpushthepersontoadapt,acquirenewknowledge,oraddtotheirskillset.Secondly,achangecanrepresentabreakwiththepastandanoldroutinewhichhasbecomeboringandpredictable.Finally,aswellasmakinglifemorefunandinteresting,newexperiencescanbegoodforourphysicalandmentalhealth.Wefindthatchangescanmakeusexperiencedandvaluable.要點(diǎn)： 【牛刀小試】①However,areportfromthePewInternetandAmericanLifeProjectoffersamorehelpfulandencouragingview,suggestingthatfarfromreplacinghumancontact,technologycanactuallybetterfamilyrelationships.Justoverhalfofthe2,253peoplesurveyedagreedthattechnologyhadenabledthemtoincreasetheircontactwithdistantfamilymembersand47percentsaidithadimprovedthecommunicationwiththepeopletheylivedwith.Moreover,eventheclosestmembersoffamiliesneedtimeawayfromeachotheratsomepointtoseektheirowninterests.Familymemberswhomightotherwisehavesatinseparateroomscannowbeinthesameonewhilestilloccupyingadifferentmentalspace.②Althoughtherearemanybenefits,opponentspointoutproblemswiththenewrequirements.First,theyarguethatthemainreasonwhystudentsgotoschoolistolearncoresubjectsandskills.Becauseservicelearningistime-consuming,studentsspendlesstimestudyingthecoresubjects.Second,theybelievethatforcingstudentstoworkwithoutpaygoesagainstthelaw.Byrequiringservice,theschooltakesawayastudent'sfreedomtochoose.要點(diǎn)： 當(dāng)段落有主題句，而主題句表達(dá)的意思不夠明確時(shí)，需要補(bǔ)充次要點(diǎn)。在概寫時(shí)可選擇與主題句中心詞匯(benefits/problems/solutions/advantages/disadvantages等)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容作為補(bǔ)充的次要點(diǎn)，用like,suchas,非限制性定語從句或破折號(hào)等補(bǔ)充說明。也可直接把次要點(diǎn)中的內(nèi)容單獨(dú)成句。例3:Therearemanybenefitsofhavinggreenspacestotheurbanlandscape.Addinggardenstorooftopsorwallscancreateapleasantenvironment—whatwasonceagraycement(水泥)wallcanbecomeacolorful,bloominggarden.TheCaxiaForumartgalleryinMadrid,Spain,isafamousexample—oneofitswallsiscoveredwith15,000plantsfromover250differentspecies.要點(diǎn)： 【牛刀小試】Participationinmusicalsobringssocialbenefitsforstudents.Musicisawaytomakefriends.Someresearcherscompletedastudydealingwiththeperceivedbenefitsofmusic.Intheirfindingstheywrote,“Participationinmusicalgroupsorbandswasregardedasanopportunitytosocializewithlike-mindedpeople,makenewfriendsandmeetinterestingpeople,whowithoutthemusicalengagementtheywouldnothavehadtheopportunitytomeet”.Everytimeastudentisinvolvedinmusic,theyhavethechancetomeetnewpeople,andformlastingfriendships.要點(diǎn)： 概要寫作微技能訓(xùn)練——如何提煉與處理次要點(diǎn)（答案）段落中前后有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的，主要點(diǎn)在后面轉(zhuǎn)折部分，前面的信息要適當(dāng)選用（尤其是字?jǐn)?shù)較多的情況下），用while/although/despite/inspiteof等引出。例1:Avegetariandietisoftenpraisedforitshealthbenefits.Studieshaveshownthatvegetariansusuallyhavelowerlevelsofheartdiseaseandalowerriskofdiabetesthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Whatmostpeoplearelessawareof,however,aretheeffectsthatavegetariandietcanhaveontheenvironment.要點(diǎn)：WhilewidelyacknowledgedhelpfUltokeephealthy,vegetariandietsareseldomassociatedwithenvironmentprotection.牛刀小試】Itistoolatetodoanythingtohelpmanylanguages,wherethespeakersaretoofewortooold,andwherethecommunityistoobusyjusttryingtosurvivetocareabouttheirlanguage.Butmanylanguagesarenotinsuchaseriousposition.Oftenwherelanguagesareseriouslyendangered,therearethingsthatcanbedonetogivenewlifetothem.要點(diǎn)：Despitetheunavoidableextinctionofsomelanguagesduetocommunitydecline,manyendangeredonescanstillbepreserved.當(dāng)段落中出現(xiàn)firstly,secondly,finally或also,besides,what'smore,inaddition,moreover等表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的連接詞時(shí)，這些次要點(diǎn)都需要提取?？刹捎闷叫薪Y(jié)構(gòu)（幾個(gè)次要點(diǎn)都采用相同的句法結(jié)構(gòu)）合并次要點(diǎn)。例2:Fromonepointofview,peoplewhoacceptchangesthinkthatchangesmaketheirlifemeaningful.Firstly,changescreatenewopportunities,whichmakeusleapforward.Anewjob,forinstance,mightpresentchallengesthatpushthepersontoadapt,acquirenewknowledge,oraddtotheirskillset.Secondly,achangecanrepresentabreakwiththepastandanoldroutinewhichhasbecomeboringandpredictable.Finally,aswellasmakinglifemorefunandinteresting,newexperiencescanbegoodforourphysicalandmentalhealth.Wefindthatchangescanmakeusexperiencedandvaluable.andpromotingtheirhealth.Somepeoplelookonchangeasself-improvementprovider,newexperiencecreatorandhealthpromoter.【牛刀小試】However,areportfromthePewInternetandAmericanLifeProjectoffersamorehelpfulandencouragingview,suggestingthatfarfromreplacinghumancontact,technologycanactuallybetterfamilyrelationships.Justoverhalfofthe2,253peoplesurveyedagreedthattechnologyhadenabledthemtoincreasetheircontactwithdistantfamilymembersand47percentsaidithadimprovedthecommunicationwiththepeopletheylivedwith.Moreover,eventheclosestmembersoffamiliesneedtimeawayfromeachotheratsomepointtoseektheirowninterests.Familymemberswhomightotherwisehavesatinseparateroomscannowbeinthesameonewhilestilloccupyingadifferentmentalspace.要點(diǎn)：Nevertheless,areportindicatesthatinsteadofmakingfamiliesdivided,itstrengthensfhmilytiesincontactandcommunicationaswellasoffersaseparatementalspace.However,areporthasfoundtechnologybenefitsfhmilybondsbymakingmemberscloserandprovidingaprivatementalspaceaswell.Althoughtherearemanybenefits,opponentspointoutproblemswiththenewrequirements.First,theyarguethatthemainreasonwhystudentsgotoschoolistolearncoresubjectsandskills.Becauseservicelearningistime-consuming,studentsspendlesstimestudyingthecoresubjects.Second,theybelievethatforcingstudentstoworkwithoutpaygoesagainstthelaw.Byrequiringservice,theschooltakesawayastudent'sfreedomtochoose.要點(diǎn)：Someargueservicelearningcanreducethetimethatstudentsspendoncoresubjectsandrobthemoftherighttochoose.當(dāng)段落有主題句，而主題句表達(dá)的意思不夠明確時(shí)，需要補(bǔ)充次要點(diǎn)。在概寫時(shí)可選擇與主題句中心詞匯(benefits/problems/solutions/advantages/disadvantages等)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容作為補(bǔ)充的次要點(diǎn)，用like,suchas,非限制性定語從句或破折號(hào)等補(bǔ)充說明。也可直接把次要點(diǎn)中的內(nèi)容單獨(dú)成句。例3:Therearemanybenefitsofhavinggreenspacestotheurbanlandscape.Addinggardenstorooftopsorwallscancreateapleasantenvironment—whatwasonceagraycement(水泥)wallcanbecomeacolorful,bloominggarden.TheCaxiaForumartgalleryinMadrid,Spain,isafamousexample—oneofitswallsiscoveredwith15,000plantsfromover250differentspecies.要點(diǎn):Therearenumerousadvantages,oneofwhichistoofferenjoyable/agreeable/jo