2021年6月CATTI二級筆譯真題

2021年6月CATTI二級筆譯真題

英譯漢(1)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與勞動力利用不足

AccordingtoanewInternationallabourorganization,unemploymentis

projectedtoincreasebyaround2.5millionin2020.Asthegloballabour

forceincreases,notenoughnewjobsarebeinggeneratedtoabsorbnew

entrantstothe1abourmarket.Almosthalfabillionpeopleareworking

fewerpaidhoursthantheywouldlikeorlackadequateaccesstopaid

work.

Formillionsofordinarypeople,itsincreasinglydifficulttobuild

betterlivesthroughwork.Persistingandsubstantialwork-related

inequalitiesandexclusionarepreventingthemfromfindingdecentwork

andbetterfutures.Thatsanextremelyseriousfindingthathasprofound

andworryingimplicationsforsocialcohesion.

Themismatchbetweenlaboursupplyanddemandextendsbeyondunemployment

intobroaderlabourunderutilization.Inadditiontotheglobalnumber

ofunemployed(180million),165millionpeopledonthaveenoughpaid

workand120millionhaveeithergivenupactivelysearchingforwork

orotherwiselackaccesstothelabourmarket.Intotal,morethan470

millionpeopleworldwideareaffected.

Atthegloballevel,incomeinequalityishigherthanpreviouslythought,

especiallyindevelopingcountries.Worldwide,theshareofnational

incomegoingtolabour(ratherthantootherfactorsofproduction)

deciinedsubstantiallybetween2004and2017,from54percentto51

percent.Withthiseconomicallysignificantfallbeingmostpronounced

inEurope,CentralAsiaandtheAmericas.

Moderateorextremeworkingpovertyisexceptedtoedgeupin2020-21

indevelopingcountries,increasingtheobstaclestoachieving

SustainableDevelopmentGoalIoneradicatingpovertyeverywhereby2030.

Currentlyworkingpoverty(definedasearninglessthanus$3.20perday

inpurchasingpowerparityterms)affectsmorethan630millionworkers,

oroneinfiveoftheglobalworkingpopulation.

Othersignificantinequalities---definedbygender,age,andgeographic

location—remainstubbornfeaturesofcurrentlabourmarkets,limiting

bothindividualopportunitiesandgeneraleconomicgrowth.Inparticular,

astaggering267millionyoungpeoplecaged15-247arenotinemployment,

education,ortrainingsituation,andmanymoreenduresubstandard

workingconditions.

Thereportcautionsthatintensifyingtraderestrictionsand

protectionismcouldhaveasignificantimpactonemployment,both

directlyandindirectly.

Lookingateconomicgrowth,thecurrentpaceandformofgrowthis

hamperingeffortstoreducepovertyandimproveworkingconditionsin

low-incomecountries.Itisrecommendedthatthetypeofgrowthneedsto

shifttoencouragehigher-valueaddedactivities,throughstructural

transformation,technologicalupgradinganddiversification.

Labourunderutilizationandpoor-qualityjobsmeanoureconomiesand

societiesaremissingoutonthepotentialbenefitsofahugepoolof

humantalent.Wewillonlyfindasustainableinclusivepathof

developmentifwetacklethesekindsoflabourmarketinequalitiesand

gapsinaccesstodecentwork.

英譯漢（2）隱喻

Ametaphorisapoeticdevicethatdealswithcomparison.Itcompares

similarqualitiesoftwodissimilarobjects.Withasimplemetaphor,one

objectbecomestheother:Loveisarose.Althoughthisdoesnotsound

likeaparticularlyrichimage,ametaphorcancommunicatesomuchabout

aparticularimagethatpoetsusethemmorethananyothertypeof

figurativelanguage.Thereasonforthisisthatpoetscomposetheir

poetrytoexpresswhattheyareexperiencingemotionallyatthatmoment.

Consequently,whatthepoetimagineslovetobemayormaynotbeour

understandingoflove.Therefore,thepoetsjobistoenableusto

experienceit,tofeelitthesamewayasthepoetdoes.Weshouldbe

abletonodinagreementandsay,“Yes,thatsit!Iunderstandprecisely

wherethispersoniscomingfrom.”

Letsanalyzethisremarkablysimplemetaphorconcerningloveandthe

rosetoseewhatitoffers.Becausethepoetusesacomparisonwitha

rose,firstwemustexaminethecharacteristicsofthatflower.Arose

isimpressiveinitsbeauty,itspetalsarenicelysoft,anditssmell

ispleasing.Itspossibletosaythataroseisactuallyafeasttothe

sensesofsight,touch,andsmell.Therosesappearanceseemstoborder

onperfection,eachpetalseeminglyequalinform.Isntthistheway

onesloveshouldbe?Alovedoneshouldbeadelighttoonessenses

andseemperfect.

However,thereisanotherdimensionaddedtothecomparisonbyusinga

rose.Roseshavethorns.Thepoetwantstoconveytheideathatroses

canbetricky.Socanlove,themetaphortellsus.Whenonereachesout

withabsolutetrusttotouchtheobjectofhisorheraffection,ouch,

athorncancausegreatharm!”Becareful,“themetaphorwarns,“Loveis

afeasttothesenses,butitcanoverwhelmus,anditcanalsohurtus

andcauseacutesuffering.Thisisthepoetsunderstandingoflove—an

admonition.Whatisthepoint?Justthis:Ittookalmost14sentences

toclarifywhatasimplemetaphorcommunicatesinonlyfourwords!That

istheartistryandthejoyofthesimplemetaphor.

漢譯英(1)國產(chǎn)肺炎球菌疫苗

據(jù)國家藥品監(jiān)督管理局信息，首批國產(chǎn)肺炎球菌13化合價結(jié)合疫苗

(Pneumococcal13-ValentConjugateVaccine)已準(zhǔn)入市場，肺炎球菌病是5

歲以下兒童疾病和死亡的主要原因。此款疫苗為中國自主研發(fā)生產(chǎn)之首例，位居

世界第二。其問世將打破輝瑞在市場上的壟斷地位。

肺炎球菌是侵襲性疾病，是肺炎和上呼吸道感染的主要原因，嚴(yán)重的肺炎球菌

疾病也會導(dǎo)致耳聾、癱瘓、智力障礙和其他嚴(yán)重后遺癥。世衛(wèi)組織將兒童肺炎

球菌疾病列為疫苗接種的重中之重，并建議使用肺炎球菌13化合價結(jié)合疫苗。

國產(chǎn)肺炎球菌13化合價結(jié)合疫苗是由云南沃森生物技術(shù)股份有限公司生產(chǎn)的。

此前，只有紐約的輝瑞一家公司生產(chǎn)肺炎球菌結(jié)合疫苗。自2010年獲準(zhǔn)以來，

該公司一直在不受挑戰(zhàn)的市場中獨(dú)