九年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit1-Unit8知識(shí)點(diǎn)牛津譯林版英語

AU3【welcome】1.Hobo,Ihaveablem難以解決的問題或麻煩事，也指數(shù)學(xué)，物理的習(xí)題，常與動(dòng)詞solve,workout搭配question指需要尋找答案的問題，常與動(dòng)詞ask,answer連用2.What'swrongwithsb?＝What'sthematterwithsb?＝What'sthetrouble?3.I'mgettingfat.[get]①系動(dòng)詞“變得，成為”?adj.②及物動(dòng)詞“得到，使”getsbtodosth.讓某人做某事getsthdone讓某事被做4.TheTVisalwaysonatmyhome.[on]①adv.處于工作狀態(tài)；在進(jìn)行中beon反義詞:beoff②adv.進(jìn)行下去，向前移動(dòng)moveon向前移動(dòng)goon進(jìn)行下去③prep.在上面（兩者有接觸面）5.Thenoisedrivememad.drivesbmad使某人發(fā)瘋/受不了[mad]bemadaboutsth因某事生氣bemadat/withsb生某人的氣6.sometime用when提問sometime用howlong提問sometimes用howoften提問sometimes用howmanytimes提問7.lonelyadj.荒涼的，偏僻的修飾地點(diǎn)adj.孤獨(dú)的表示人主觀上的孤獨(dú)感！feellonelyaloneadj.單獨(dú)的，獨(dú)自的強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上就一個(gè)人！bealoneadv.獨(dú)自地，單獨(dú)地v.+alone8.getlow/highmarks得低/高分9.take/doanexam參加考試passanexam通過考試failanexam考試不及格10.Perhapsyoushouldmanageyourtimebetter.[manage]①動(dòng)詞“合理安排，有效使用（金錢、時(shí)間等）”manageyourtimebetter更好地合理安排你的時(shí)間②動(dòng)詞“設(shè)法做到”managetodosth設(shè)法做成某事，努力完成某事③動(dòng)詞“控制，管理”名詞:manager經(jīng)理，管理者【reading】1.Idon'tknowhowIshoulddealwithit.處理，應(yīng)付dealwith和how連用dowith和what連用2.Ihavenochoicebuttodoit.[choice]①不可數(shù)名詞“選擇權(quán)，選擇的可能性”havenochoicebuttodosth別無選擇只能做某事②可數(shù)名詞“選擇”動(dòng)詞:chosechosetodosth＝makeachoicetodosth選擇做某事[but]連詞①除...之外Ihavenochoicebuttoleave.?but前無實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do/does/did時(shí)，but后的不定式要帶toLastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.?but前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do/does/did時(shí)，but后的不定式省略tobut除...之外；只有but后的詞是僅有或存在的內(nèi)容，通常與no,nothing,nobody等表示否定的詞（組）連用except除…之外（不再有）指從整體排除expect后的人或物，常與all,everybody,everything等詞連用besides除…之外（還有）是指在原來的基礎(chǔ)上加上besides后的人或物but/exceptbesides②“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折stayup熬夜ThenIsometimesfindithardtostayawakethenextday.awake&wakeawakeadj.醒著的beawake醒著vt/vi醒來；喚醒a(bǔ)wakesb喚醒某人wakevt/vi睡醒，醒來；喚醒wakeup（名隨代中）Iknowitisimportanttofinishallmyhomeworkontome.ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)指某事在約定或規(guī)定好的時(shí)間發(fā)生了intime及時(shí)指某事在需要時(shí)發(fā)生了[time]構(gòu)成的短語allthetime一直fromtimetitime偶爾，有時(shí)attimes有時(shí)，偶爾atalltimes隨時(shí)，總是atatime每次，逐一atthesametime同時(shí)However,Ihardlyhaveanysparetimeformyhobbieslikevolleyballansmusic.[hardly]adv.幾乎不相當(dāng)于almostnot位于連系動(dòng)詞，be動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前hardly為否定副詞，出現(xiàn)在反義疑問句中時(shí)，后面的附加疑問部分要用肯定式。（never;seldom）imagine--imaginative--imaginationimaginedoingsth想象做某事Ioftendoubtwhetheritisworthspendingsomuchtimeonhomework.[doubt]①及物動(dòng)詞“懷疑”肯定句中：doubt+whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句否定句/疑問句中：notdoubt+that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句②不及物動(dòng)詞“懷疑”doubtaboutof懷疑③可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞“懷疑”indoubt不肯定，不確定nodoubt無疑地，很可能There’snodoubtthat毫無疑問，[worth]adj.①“值得”beworthdoingsth值得做某事②值錢,+錢數(shù)spend時(shí)間/金錢+onsth/(in)doingsthIdreamofalongholidaysothatIcouldhavemoretimeformyhobbies.①dreamof/about+名詞/代詞/v-ing②sothat“以便，為了”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，相當(dāng)于inorderthat,其從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常和can/could/would/should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。sothat以便，為了引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句因此引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句so...that如此以至于so+adi/adv.+that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句Canyouoffermesomesuggestions？①offersbsth=offersthtosb給某人提供某物=providesbwithsth=providesthforsboffertodosth主動(dòng)提出做某事②suggestion&advice可數(shù)不可數(shù)Ihopetohearfromyousoon.hearfromsb=get/receivealetterfromsb收到某人的來信hearof/abut聽說Iamcrazyaboutfootball.becrazyaboutsth/doingsth癡迷某物/做某事However,myloveoffootballhasbecomethecauseofmyproblem.[cause]①可數(shù)名詞“原因”thecauseof...的原因②及物動(dòng)詞“引起，使發(fā)生”ThenIgetintotroublebecausemyparentsdonotallowmetoplayoutsideafter6p.m.①getintotrouble陷入困境②allowvt.“允許，準(zhǔn)許”allowsbtodosth允許某人做某事beallowedtodosth被允許做某事allowdoingsth允許做某事Idonotunderstandwhytheyaresostrictwithme.bestrictwithsb.對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格bestrictaboutsth對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格Isitbadtostayoutlatetoplayfootball?stayout待在戶外；（晚上）不回家[stay]相關(guān)的短語stayathome呆在家里stayup熬夜stayaway避開IwonderhowIcanachieveabalancebetweenmyschoolworkandmyhobbies.在課業(yè)和業(yè)余愛好間實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡between兩者之間betweenandamong三者或三者以上的人或物之間Ilookforwardtoyourvaluableadvice.(1)lookforwardtosth/doingsth(2)valuen.價(jià)值valuableadj.寶貴的，貴重的19.Makealistofallthehomeworkyouhave.[list]可數(shù)名詞“清單”alistof一張...的清單makealist（of）列一張（的）清單ashoppinglist一份購物清單on/inalist在清單上workout算出；解決（名隨代中）accordingto①根據(jù)+名詞/代詞/從句②按所說；按所報(bào)道【grammar】Danieldoesnotknowwhomsheshouldtalkto.whom①連接代詞“誰”，是who的賓格形式。②疑問代詞“誰”，對(duì)賓語提問時(shí)，可用who/whom主語只能用whoIneedsilencewhenI’mstudying.[silence]不可數(shù)名詞“安靜，寂靜，沉默”insilence“靜靜地；沉默地”，在句中作狀語，常修飾延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞[silent]adj.無語的，沉默的=quietIneedsomeonetosharemyworrieswith.[worry]①可數(shù)名詞“擔(dān)心；令人擔(dān)憂的事”復(fù)數(shù)：worries②不可數(shù)名詞“發(fā)愁，擔(dān)憂”③動(dòng)詞“（使）擔(dān)心；（使）煩惱”worryabout擔(dān)心[worried]adj.“擔(dān)心的，煩惱的”beworriedabout...=worryaboutWhichmethodshouldIusetosolvetheproblem.[method]可數(shù)名詞“方法”a/themethodof的方法[solve]及物動(dòng)詞“解決”賓語常為problem--solutionn.解決方法Soontheygothisreplies.[reply]①可數(shù)名詞“答復(fù)；回答”=answerareplyto對(duì)的答復(fù)makeareply(to...)(對(duì))作答復(fù)②動(dòng)詞“回答，答復(fù)”replytosb回復(fù)某人◎連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句連接代詞：what,who,whom,whose,which連接副詞：when,where,how,whywho和whom多指人，who為主格，多在賓語從句中作主語；whom為賓格，在從句中作賓語。連接代詞和連接副詞有具體詞義，在賓語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分who和whom多指人，who為主格，多在賓語從句中作主語；whom為賓格，在從句中作賓語。（連接代詞多作主語，賓語和定語；連接副詞多作狀語）IwonderwhatIshoulddo.(what作do后的賓語)Danieldoesnotknowwhomheshouldtalkto.(whom作to后的賓語)Doyouknowwhoissinging?(who作主語)Wedon’tknowwhosebikethisis.(whose作定語)Sometimesweforgetwhenweshouldstop.(when作狀語)Idonotunderstandwhytheyaresostrictwithme.（why作狀語）IdonotknowhowIshoulddealwiththeproblem.（how作狀語）※賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序※含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)由主句決定。Nooneknowswhatheisdoing.CouldyoutellmehowIgettothehospital?※1、當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)所需為任意時(shí)態(tài)。2、當(dāng)主句為一般過去時(shí)，從句為過去時(shí)的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。(一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí))3、當(dāng)從句為客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí)，從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。[拓展]含賓語從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換為簡(jiǎn)單句：若主句主語和從句的主語一致，且從句的引導(dǎo)詞為疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,how等，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+todo”。IwonderwhatIshoulddo.=Iwonderwhattodo.◎提建議的句型Whynotdosth?=Whydon’tyoudosth?What/Howaboutdoingsth?Shallwedosth?Let’sdosth.【integratedskills&studyskills&task】Classmateslaughatherandcallherabookworm.laughatsb嘲笑某人[拓展]smileatsb對(duì)某人微笑I’vemadelittleprogressinmyEnglish,Mgress不可數(shù)名詞“進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展”前面常用great，good，much,some等詞修飾makeprogress(in...)(在...)取得進(jìn)步Perhapsyoushouldgooverwhatyou’velearntasoftenaspossible.goover復(fù)習(xí)，回顧，仔細(xì)檢查asaspossible盡可能=asassbcan/couldHowaboutreadingEnglishaloudeverymorning?aloudadv.多指出聲，可以讓人聽見，但聲音并不一定很大，故aloud無比較級(jí)，但與call,cry,shout,read等詞連用時(shí)，有“高聲地”之意。loudadj.作表語或定語，常與voice,noise,whistle等名詞連用adv.一般和speak,talk,laugh,sing等詞連用loudlyadv.含有貶義，尤指“吵鬧地”，可以與其他表示聲響的動(dòng)詞搭配。Hecriedaloudforhelp.Speakloud,please.Theyshoutedasloudlyaspossible.Trytopronounceallthewordsnouncevt.發(fā)音pronunciationn.發(fā)音correctlyadv.正確地incorrectlyadv.不正確地correctadj.正確的（incorrect不正確的）vt.糾正，改正Don'tmentionit.不客氣=You’rewelcome./That’sallright./Notatall.[mention]vt.提及，說起mentionsth/sbtosb.向某人提過某事/某人mentiondoingsth提及做某事Whatdidithappen?happenvi.發(fā)生，碰巧happentosb.某人發(fā)生某事happentodosth碰巧做某事Ithappens/happenedthat碰巧happen發(fā)生，碰巧常用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件takeplace發(fā)生，舉行一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”，指事件的發(fā)生有某種原因或是事先安排的。stress不可數(shù)名詞“精神壓力，緊張”beunderstress承受壓力stressedadj.有壓力的，緊張的Keepittoyourself.保密keepsthtooneself保密，把秘而不宣Manystudentsofouragehavethisproblem.[age]ofsb’sage與...同齡的attheageof在...歲時(shí)forages很久，很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間Youareunhappywithyourweight.beunhappywith對(duì)...不滿意behappywith對(duì)...滿意[weight]theweightof...的重量loseweight減肥[weigh]動(dòng)詞“稱...重量；重”Yourparentscaretoomuchaboutyourmarksaftereachexamcareabout關(guān)心9AU4【welcome】1.What'sonyourmind,Eddie?onone'smind（有事）掛在心上；惦念inone'smind在某人的腦海里2.What'sup?怎么了，出什么事了？相當(dāng)于What'swrong?What'sthematter?What'sthetrouble?What'shappening?Whathashappened?3.Don'twakemeupuntilyoufinishbuildingit.(1)wakesbup把某人喚醒wakeup（名隨代中）(2)not...until&untilnot...until“直到……才”常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用表示句子（主句）的動(dòng)作直到until所表示的時(shí)間才開始。until“直到……為止”，表示動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用表示句子（主句）的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到until所表示的時(shí)間為止。(3)fish及物動(dòng)詞“完成”+名詞/代詞/v-ingfinishdoingsth做完某事4.Lifeisajourney.[journey]①可數(shù)名詞“旅行，旅游”haveajourneygoonajourney②動(dòng)詞“旅行”（長(zhǎng)途陸路用journey,短途短期用trip,觀光旅游用tour,時(shí)長(zhǎng)路遠(yuǎn)用travel）5.Booksallowmetolearnaboutpeopleindifferenttimesandplaces,andIcanreadthemwheneverIwantto.(1)[time]①可數(shù)名詞“時(shí)代，（歷史）時(shí)期”inmoderntimes在現(xiàn)代inancienttimes在古代②可數(shù)名詞“次數(shù)；倍數(shù)”③不可數(shù)名詞“時(shí)間”(2)whenever無論何時(shí)＝nomatterwhenwherever＝nomatterwherehowever＝nomatterhowwhoever＝nomatterwhowhatever＝nomatterwhat6.IliketolearnabouttheworldthroughtheInternet.[through]介詞①“憑借”②“通過，穿過”(內(nèi)部）7.Assoonasyouclickthemouse,there'sagreatdealofinformation.（1）assoonas一……就……（2）許多可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞agreatdealof√plentyof√√alotof/lotsof√√anumberof√（3）information不可數(shù)名詞“信息；消息”apieceofinformation一條消息【reading】1.Hewasverysmall-muchbetterthantheotherkidsatschool.(1)much[副詞]……得多相當(dāng)于alot修飾比較級(jí)修飾比較級(jí)的詞:alittle/abitfareven(2)theotherkids其他的孩子；其他任何孩子相當(dāng)于anyotherkid?比較級(jí)+than+theother+可名復(fù)+比較范圍＝比較級(jí)+than+anyother+可名單+比較范圍2.However,hehadabigdream-hewantedtoplayintheNBA.However,,however,however.3.Whileattendingjuniorhigh,Spudtiredoutfortheschoolteam,buthewasrefusedatfirstbecausehewastoosmall.(1)[while]連詞①“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，后面跟現(xiàn)在分詞或時(shí)間狀語從句，表示時(shí)間。當(dāng)while從句中的主語和主句一致，且含有be的某種形式時(shí)，從句中的主語連同be可同時(shí)省略。while(hewas)attendingjunior,②“然而”，表對(duì)比（2）tryoutfor參加……選拔（或試演）4.Hedidnotloseheart.loseheart泄氣；灰心[lose]構(gòu)成的短語loseone'sheartto愛上loseone'sway迷路loseface丟臉loseone'sjob/work失業(yè)loseone'svoice失聲loseone'slife失去生命loseweight減肥loseone'shead失去理智loseinterestin...對(duì)……失去興趣loseoneselfin沉浸于……，專心于……5.Whenhefinallygotthechance,hescored20pointsinhisfirstgame.(1)chance名詞“機(jī)會(huì)，可能性”getachance得到機(jī)會(huì)haveachanceofdoingsth＝haveachancetodosth有機(jī)會(huì)做某事（2）score①及物動(dòng)詞/不及物動(dòng)詞“得分，獲勝”②可數(shù)名詞“得分；比分”；“（考試中的）成績(jī)；分?jǐn)?shù)”6.Inseniorhigh,Spudoftenhadtositinthestandsbecauseofhisheight.becauseof+名詞/代詞/名詞短語because+原因狀語從句7.Hepractisedevenharderandgotthecoachtochangehismind.(1)getsbtodosth使/讓某人做某事（let/makesbdosth）(2)changeone'smind改變主意makeupone'smind(todosth)下定決心（做某事）(3)minddoingsth介意做某事mindsb/sb'sdoingsth介意某人做某事8.Spudwentontobecomeleaderoftheteam.(1)goon①goontodosth（完成某事后）接著做另一件事Havingfinisheddoinghishomework,hewentontowritealettertohisfriend.②goondoingsth不停地做某事Youcan'tgoonworkingwithoutarest.③goonwithsth（尤指停頓或中斷之后）繼續(xù)做同一件事Wewillgoonwiththediscussiontomorrow.(2)leadleader①有些動(dòng)詞加后綴_er構(gòu)成表示對(duì)應(yīng)職業(yè)的名詞，有些動(dòng)詞加后綴_or構(gòu)成表示對(duì)應(yīng)職業(yè)的名詞teach--teachersingsingerreadreadervisitvisitorinventinventor②有些動(dòng)詞加后綴_er或_or構(gòu)成的名詞多指男性，若指女性則要加后綴_ressactactoractresswaitwaiterwaitress9Inhislastyearofseniorhigh,hewasnamedPlayeroftheYearinTexas.[name]①及物動(dòng)詞“命名”namesb/sth把某人/某物命名為……②動(dòng)詞“提名，任命”namesbas任命某人為……③可數(shù)名詞“名字”10.However,nouniversitywouldinvitehimtoplaybasketballsimplybecausehewasonly170cmtall.(1)university大學(xué)collegestudent(s)大學(xué)生gotocollege上大學(xué)(2)invitesbtodosth邀請(qǐng)某人做某事invitesbtospl邀請(qǐng)某人去某地invitationn.邀請(qǐng)(3)simply①副詞“只是，僅僅”②形容詞“簡(jiǎn)單的，簡(jiǎn)易的”＝easy反義詞:hard/difficult11.Hedecidedtoplayatjuniorcollege.decide(not)todosth決定（不）做某事12.Thereheledhisteamtothenationalchampionship.led(led,led,leading）及物動(dòng)詞“帶路，領(lǐng)先”①ledto帶領(lǐng)……去……②ledsbtodosth致使/誘惑某人做某事③ledto（道路等）通往……；引起（結(jié)果等）AllroadsleadtoRome.條條大路通羅馬。13.Asaresult,hesucceededingettingascholarship.（1）asaresult“因此，結(jié)果”，后面指事情的結(jié)果asaresultof“由于”，后面接事情的原因，相當(dāng)于becauseof。（2）succeedindoingsth成功地做某事14.Althoughhewasagreatplayeratuniversity,theNBAwasnotinterestedinhimbecauseallitsplayerswe'remorethan20cmtallerthanhewas.(1)although連詞“盡管；雖然”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。相當(dāng)于though,但although多用于書面語中(2)morethan＝over多于；超過反義詞:lessthan15.Afterhegraduated,hewasforcedtoplayinanotherbasketballleague.(1)graduate不及物動(dòng)詞“畢業(yè)”graduatefrom從……畢業(yè)graduatein畢業(yè)于……（專業(yè)）graduationn.畢業(yè)aftergraduation畢業(yè)后(2)force①及物動(dòng)詞“強(qiáng)迫；迫使”forcesbtodosth迫使某人做某事beforcedtodosth被迫做某事②不可數(shù)名詞“力量”16.HeremainedthereforaboutayearbeforetheNBAtooknoticeofhim.(1)remain①不及物動(dòng)詞“逗留，停留”②不及物動(dòng)詞“遺留，繼續(xù)存在”③連系動(dòng)詞“仍然是，保持不變”(2)takenoticeof注意，察覺，理會(huì)takenonoticeof不注意，不理會(huì)In1985,hejoinedtheAtlantaHawksandbecometheshortestplayerintheNBAatthattime.“加入”join參加某個(gè)組織或團(tuán)體，并成為其中一員joinin參加某個(gè)活動(dòng)takepartin參加會(huì)議或群眾性活動(dòng)，并在活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮作用Hehadmanyachievements,buthisproudestmomentcamein1986...[achievement]可數(shù)名詞“成就，成績(jī)”theachievementof的成就/成績(jī)[achieve]vt.獲得，實(shí)現(xiàn)；取得achieveone’sdream實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想(=one’sdreamcometrue)[proud]adj.自豪的，驕傲的beproudof為...自豪beproudtodosth自豪地做某事beproud+that引導(dǎo)的從句[pride]n.自豪，驕傲takepridein為而自豪（=beproudof）theprideof......的驕傲Throughhardwork,SpudWebbprovedthatsizeandbodytypedonotmatteryoucandoalmostanythingifyounevergiveup.[prove]vt.證明；證實(shí)?prove+名詞/代詞Hedidsomeexperimentstoprovehistheory.?prove+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(adj./n./todo(tobe可省略))Againhistoryprovedhim(tobe)wrong.?prove+(that)從句Thedoctor’stestsproved(that)MrBlackwasingoodhealth.[matter]①不及物動(dòng)詞“要緊，有重大影響”常用于否定句中，Itdoesn'tmatter.沒關(guān)系②可數(shù)名詞“事情，問題，毛病”That’sonlyamatteroftime.那只是時(shí)間問題。③名詞“麻煩，毛病”What’sthematterwith?【grammar】Theycanbeplacedatthebeginningorinthemiddleofsentences.atthebeginningof在之初反：attheendof...在...末尾/盡頭[beginning]構(gòu)成的短語atthebeginning起初，開始fromthebeginning從一開始frombeginningtoend從頭到尾inthemiddleof在...中間inthemiddleofthenight半夜inthemiddleoftheroad在路中央Beforeandaftercanalsobeusedasprepositionsoftime.beusedas...被用作①beusedtodosth被用來做某事（beusedfordoingsth）beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事usedtodosth過去常常做某事②beusedbysb被某人使用Ijoggingeverymorning.gojogging去慢跑?go+doing去做某事，常用于表達(dá)從事某一體育活動(dòng)或休閑活動(dòng)Ireceivedacallfrommyuncle.[receive]動(dòng)詞“接到，收到”=getreceive/getacallfromsb接到某人的電話receive收到指客觀上收到或拿到，但主觀上不一定會(huì)接受accept接受主觀上愿意接受Iwaitedfor2minutesatthebusstopuntil/tillthebusarrived.arrivein/atspl.reachspl.gettosplhedidnotbecomeseriousaboutbasketballuntil/tillhewas12become/beserousabout認(rèn)真對(duì)待Thebestmomentinhiscareerwasin2004--hescored41pointsinagameagainsttheAtlantaHawks.[against]介詞①對(duì)抗；與相反；違反beagainst反對(duì)(反義詞組：befor支持)②靠著；頂著；碰；撞；迎著；襯著WhenYaoMingwaslivingintheUSA,hereturnedtoChinawheneverhewasneeded.[return]①不及物動(dòng)詞“返回，回來”=go/comebackreturntospl.返回某地returnfromspl.從某◎before,after,when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句before在...之前表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。after在...之后表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。when當(dāng)...時(shí)表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的特定時(shí)間。主從句的動(dòng)作可以同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。從句的時(shí)態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/一般過去時(shí)；謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以是非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。while在...期間表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句進(jìn)行的過程中。主語一致，從句中有be動(dòng)詞的形式時(shí)，主語和be動(dòng)詞可以省略；謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。與...同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的?！騭ince,till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句since自從以來主句：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)從句：一般過去時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞：延續(xù)性/非延續(xù)性till直到...為止一般情況下兩者可以互換，until更正式until（主將從現(xiàn)）not..非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞...until主句謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，肯定或否定形式都可。Donotwakemeupuntilyoufinishyourwork.Helivedwithhisfamilyuntilhegotmarried.◎assoonas和whenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句assoonas一就主將從現(xiàn)whenever每當(dāng)；任何時(shí)候【integratedskills】WorldWarⅡbrokeoutinEuropein1939andendedin1945.breakout（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)等）突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)[break]構(gòu)成的短語breakdown停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；出故障；拋錨breakoff中斷，停止；折斷breakinto強(qiáng)行闖入breakin打斷（他人說話）..hasbeentranslatedinto67languagessinceo把...翻譯成Itwasarecordofthattime,andithasalsobecomeasymbolofthevictoryofthehumanspirit.（1）[record]①可數(shù)名詞“記錄”keeparecordof...把...記錄下來；保留的記載②名詞“（常指運(yùn)動(dòng))記錄，最好的成績(jī)”breakarecord打破記錄make/setarecord創(chuàng)造記錄keep/holdarecord保持記錄③動(dòng)詞“錄制，記錄”symbol可數(shù)名詞“象征”asymbolof的象征；的標(biāo)志victory名詞“勝利”win/scoreavictory獲得勝利thejoyofvictory勝利的喜悅theywenttohidinginherfather’soffice.gointohiding躲藏起來Anneandhereldersisterdiedofillness.dieof死于（內(nèi)因）diefrom死于（外因）herfatherhadherdiarypublished.havesthdone使某事被做[拓展]havesbdosth讓某人做某事BecausetheGermanNazishatedtheJewsandwantedtokillthem...German德國人的；德國人（復(fù)數(shù)：Germans）；德語Germany德國Duringthatdifficulttime,AnnekeptwritinginherdiaryuntiltheywerediscoveredbytheNazisinAugust1944.keepondoingsth一直/不斷做某事[拓展]keepsbdoingsth讓某人一直做某事keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事Inherdiary,Annewrotedownherthoughts,herfeeling,herhopesandherdreamsforthefuture.(1)writedown寫下；記下（名隨代中）(2)[though]①可數(shù)名詞“主意，想法，思想”②不可數(shù)名詞“思考，思維”10.12-year-oldboy一個(gè)12歲的男孩基數(shù)詞-名詞（單數(shù)）-形容詞11.getaway(from...)逃脫，（使）離開12.[homeless]adj.無家可歸的-less形容詞后綴，有“無,沒有”之意[admire]vt.欽佩，羨慕admiresbforsth因某事羨慕某人[encourage]vt.鼓勵(lì)encouragesbtodosth鼓勵(lì)某人做某事It’sapity+(that)從句真遺憾；真可惜Whatapity!/That’sapity!真可惜！/真遺憾！inpeace=peacefully平靜地，安靜地infearofone’slife為某人地生命安全而擔(dān)憂【studyskills&task】[describe]vt.描述；描寫；形容describe...as...把...描述為...[boredom]不可數(shù)名詞“無聊，厭倦”bore+后綴-domfree+dom--freedomking+domkingdomdiscovervt.發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺discovery不可數(shù)名詞“發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺”/可數(shù)名詞“被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)/事物”inhisfifties他五十多歲?inone’s+整十?dāng)?shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)某人幾十多歲否定前綴un-fair-unfairlucky-unluckyfriendly-unfriendlyinneed在危難中，在危急中[類似]introuble處于困境中indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中[surprise]①名詞“驚異，詫異insurprise吃驚地toone’ssurprise令某人驚訝的是②可數(shù)名詞“意想不到的事”③vt.使（人）驚訝；使（人）吃驚[research]①不可數(shù)名詞“研究，調(diào)查”dosomeresearch做研究，做調(diào)查②vt.研究；調(diào)查；探究[death]n.死亡thedeathof...的死亡[dead]adj.死的[die]vi.死亡NowIrealizedthathehasaheartfulloflove.befullof...=befilledwith...充滿9AU5【welcome】Artissomethingpleasantpleasant&pleased&please&pleasurepleasantadj.令人愉快的指具體的人/物讓人愉快，常修飾物,sthbepleasant/pleasantsthWehadapleasantvacation.pleasedadj.高興的，愉快的修飾人sbbepleasedI’mverypleasedyouhavedecidedtocome.pleasevt.使高興，使?jié)M意賓語為人pleasesbIt’sdifficulttopleaseeverybody.感嘆詞請(qǐng)客氣地請(qǐng)求或吩咐，常置于句首或句末Pleasecomein.pleasuren.愉快；樂事one’spleasureIt’smypleasure.Whydoyoustopthere?[stop]stopdoingsth停止做某事stoptodosth停下來去做某事（停下正在做地，去做另一件事）can'tstopdoingsth=can’thelpdoingsth情不自禁做某事stopsb(from)doingsth阻止某人做某事=keepsbfromdoingsthHismusicaltalentwasamazing.musical①adj.音樂的，有音樂的②可數(shù)n.音樂劇，音樂影片→music不可數(shù)名詞“音樂”→musician可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞“音樂家，樂師”talenthaveatalentfor有天賦=haveagiftfor...→talentedadj.有天賦的【reading】EachtimeamedalwaspresentedtoawinnerattheBeijing2008OlympicGames,theawardmusicwasplayed.[present]①vt.“頒發(fā)，把...交給；提交”presentsthtosb=presentsbwithsth②可數(shù)n.“禮物”③n.“現(xiàn)在”atpresent目前④adj.“目前的，出席的”Bornin1958incentralHunan,China,TanDungrewupneartheLiuyangRiver.過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間，原因，條件，讓步，方式，伴隨等。[central]adj.“中心的，中央的”→centren.中心，中央inthecentreof在中央Whenhewasveryyoung,Tanshowedaninterestinmusic.showaninterestin（doing）sth表現(xiàn)出對(duì)（做）某事的興趣[拓展]be/becomeinterestedin對(duì)...感興趣take/have(an)interestin...對(duì)...感興趣Noise噪聲Sound所有聲音Voice人聲，歌聲HelovesthesoundsoftherushingwaterNoise噪聲Sound所有聲音Voice人聲，歌聲sound①可數(shù)名詞“聲音”②連系動(dòng)詞“聽起來”rushingwaterblowingwind現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語，表示它所修飾的名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，與所修飾詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。[nature]不可數(shù)名詞“大自然，自然界”naturaladj.自然的，天然的naturallyadv.天生地，自然地[common]①adj.普通的，一般的，常見的②n.共同havesthincommon(withsb)（與某人）有共同之處knownbeknownfor因而著名=befamousforbeknownas=befamousas...作為而著名beknowntosb為某人所知=famousIt’sknownthat眾所周知Instead,Tanmakesover50soundsfromwaterbycontrollingthespeedofwaterflow.by介詞通過方式、途徑+n/代詞/v-ingHemakesalivingbyteaching.在...旁邊，靠近+地點(diǎn)Theylivebythesea.在...以前；不遲于+時(shí)間You’dbettercomebackbyteno’clock.乘+交通工具Iusuallygotoschoolbybike.被，由用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中Theoldmanwasknockeddownbyacar.[control]①vt.控制，支配controlthespeedofwaterflow②不可n.控制，支配，管理outofcontrol失去控制underthecontrol處于控制下sbsuccessfullydosth=sbbesuccessfulindoingsthsbsuccessfullydosth=sbbesuccessfulindoingsth=sbsucceedindoingsthsuccesssucceedsuccessfulsuccessfullyn.v.adj.adv.Sandysuccessfullycompletedthetask.=Sandywassuccessfulincompletingthetask.=Sandysucceededincompletingthetask.9.[traditional]adj.傳統(tǒng)的→tradition可數(shù)n.“傳統(tǒng)”“Mymusicistodreamwithoutboundaries，”Tanoncesaid.動(dòng)詞不定式短語作表語，常用于表示計(jì)劃、打算、夢(mèng)想、職責(zé)、追求、目的等?！緂rammar】WhydopeoplethinkhighlyofTan’smusic?thinkhighlyof高度評(píng)價(jià),高度贊揚(yáng)Theartfestivalisopentoallstudentsanparents.[open]①vt.打開，睜開反義詞：close②adj.開著的，開放的；營業(yè)的反義詞：closed③adj.公開的，人人可以參加的beopento對(duì)...開放Since/AsMilliealsoplannedtmaketheunderground,wewenttothetheatretogether.[plan]v.期待，打算plantodosth打=打算做某事n.計(jì)劃，方案makeaplan/makeplans制定方案4.“We’dbetterbequicksince/astheoperawillbeginin20minutes,”Kittysuggested.(1)hadbetterdosth最好做某事否：hadbetternotdosth最好不做某事(2)in20minutes20分鐘后in+一段時(shí)間之后提問：Howsoon5.[breath]n.呼吸outofbreath上氣不接下氣takea(deep)breath(深)呼吸Theoperalastedforoneandahalfhours.一個(gè)半小時(shí)[last]①vi.持續(xù)，延續(xù)（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，可與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用）②adj.最后的thelasttodosth最后一個(gè)做某事③adj.上一個(gè)的，剛過去的，最近的lastweeklastnight④adv.最后，最近，上一次Hecamelastintherace.Wedidnotgetboredatallbecauseitwasreallywonderful.感覺無聊bored&boring◎because,since,as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句because強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的直接原因，語氣很強(qiáng)?？梢杂脕砘卮饂hy引導(dǎo)的疑問句。在一個(gè)句子中，because和so不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)since語氣較弱since和as用法大體相同，表示附帶說明“雙方已知的原因”位于句首as【integratedskills】havealastingvalue有永久的價(jià)值[value]n.價(jià)值thevalueof...的價(jià)值vt.珍惜，重視Youshouldvalueyourfriendship.→valuableadj.寶貴的，貴重的Musiciansmakeupthemusicwhileplaying.makeup①編，編造（名隨代中）②組成，構(gòu)成bemadeupof由...構(gòu)成.[attend]vt.出席，參加，到場(chǎng)通常表示出席或參加會(huì)議、婚禮或聽報(bào)告、講座、培訓(xùn)。Itwasexciting,butmyparentsthoughtitwastoonoisybecauseofthedrums.noise--noisyadj.吵鬧的--noisilyadv.吵鬧地【studyskills】1.Thefruitwasnolongerfresh.nolonger不再=notanylonger表示時(shí)間上不再延續(xù)，多與表示狀態(tài)或與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用nomore=notanymore表示動(dòng)作不再重復(fù)，可以和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用2.Itwasstartingtogorotten,andthewholehousesmeltbad.go/smell連系動(dòng)詞go變成，變?yōu)?，變得（尤指朝壞的方面）smell有...氣味；發(fā)出...氣味【task】haveagiftof...=havetalentfor...對(duì)...有天賦[gift]可數(shù)名詞①“天賦，天資，才能”②禮物realadj.真正的，真的→reallyadv.的確，確實(shí)praise①vt.贊揚(yáng)，表揚(yáng)praisesbfor(doing)sth因（做）某事而贊揚(yáng)某人②不可數(shù)名詞“贊揚(yáng)，表揚(yáng)”winhighpraisefromsb贏得某人的高度贊揚(yáng)Oneday,IwasplayingwithsomepaintasusualinMsLuo’sartlesson.playwith擺弄，把弄，與...玩耍asusual像往常一樣Imixedthepaintwithwater.mix...with把...和...混合[拓展]mix短語mix..into...把...拌入...中mixup混合mix...together把混合在一起AsItookthebrushaway,Idroppedsomepaintontothepaper.takeaway拿走，拿開（名隨代中）Lookingatthemark,Idecidedtoblowit.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，主語與改該動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Thepaintraninalldirectionsandmadeaveryinterestingpicture.inalldirections朝四面八方，四處，各處[encourage]vt.鼓勵(lì)，鼓舞encouragesbtodosth鼓勵(lì)某人做某事→encouragementn.鼓勵(lì)，鼓舞Ididmakesomewonderfulpictureslater.強(qiáng)調(diào)句助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形，強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的謂語部分9AU6【welcome】Eddie,aren’tyougettingboredwithsayingathomeallday?否定疑問句：助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be與not的縮寫形式+主語+謂語+其他？通常譯為“難道不/沒有...嗎？”所表達(dá)的意義通常有：①表示驚訝或提出反問Isn'theawinner?難道他不是獲勝者嗎？Didn'tyoumakeupthestory?難道你沒有編造這個(gè)故事嗎？②表示試探性的建議或有禮貌的請(qǐng)求?Can’tyouaskyourparentsforhelp?難道你不能向你的父母尋求幫助嗎？③表示責(zé)備、批評(píng)、抱怨Can’tyoubemorecareful?難道你就不能更細(xì)心點(diǎn)兒?jiǎn)幔縒hyareyoulateagain?Haven’tItoldyou?你為什么又遲到了？難道我沒有告訴過你？④表示征詢對(duì)方對(duì)某人或某物的看法Don’tyouthinkisapleasanttrip?你不認(rèn)為這是一次令人愉快的旅行嗎？※在回答否定疑問句時(shí)，如果與事實(shí)相符，就有yes回答；與事實(shí)不符，用no回答。Ifyou’reasbusyasIam.as+adj./adv.原形+as和...一樣notas/soas不如Adog’sworkisneverdone.[done]①adj.完畢，結(jié)束bedone※無比較級(jí)②動(dòng)詞do的過去分詞Therearealwaysfamouspeopleontheseshowstalkingabouttheirlives.Therebesb/sthdoingsth有某人/某物在做某事【reading】Aweeklyround-upofwhatishappeninginsport,withup-to-dateinformation.[weekly]①adj.每周的；每周一次的②adv.每周地，每周[round-up]可數(shù)名詞“（尤指新聞）概要，摘要，主要指廣播或電視新聞里的概要”a/theround-upof的概要/摘要[up-to-date]adj.最新的，現(xiàn)代的keep/bringsbup-to-date給某人提供最新信息Theprogrammecoversdifferentsports,suchasswimming,basketballandfootball.[cover]①vt.報(bào)道；電視報(bào)道②vt.覆蓋cover...with...用...覆蓋...becoveredwith...被...覆蓋③可數(shù)名詞“封面，蓋子，罩”Thereareanumberofinterviewswithfamousplayers.anumberof+可名復(fù)大量的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式thenumberof+可名復(fù)...的數(shù)量謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式[interview]①可數(shù)名詞“采訪，面試”haveainterviewwithsb采訪某人②vt.采訪，面試AreportonthecomingWordCupwillalsobeincluded.[coming]①adj.即將來臨的②n.來臨，到來thecomingof的到來Thisyear’sBeijingMusicAwardswillbecoveredlivethisSaturday.[live]①adv.在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播，在實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播②adj.直播的，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的③vi.居住，生活A(yù)bout300,000fanshavevotedonlinefortheirfavouritesongs,singersandmusicvideos,andtheresultwillbeannouncedduringtheshow.[fan]①可數(shù)名詞“迷，狂熱愛好者”a/thefanof...的狂熱愛好者②可數(shù)名詞“扇子，風(fēng)扇”[vote]vi.投票，選舉votefor投票贊成voteagainst投票反對(duì)[announce]vt.宣布①+n/代詞/that從句②announcesthtosb向某人宣布某事Writedownyouranswersandsendtextmessagesto1396whilewatchingtheshow.向...發(fā)送短信leaveamessagetosb給某人留言takeamessageforsb給某人帶口信MurderinaCountryHouseisahorrorfilmdirectedbyCindyClack,anewdirector.directvt.導(dǎo)演，執(zhí)導(dǎo)...directedbysb由某人執(zhí)導(dǎo)directorn.導(dǎo)演thedirectorof...的導(dǎo)演Inthefilm,awealthydoctoridfounddeadinhishouse.[wealthy]adj.富有的；富裕的反義詞：poor→wealth不可n.財(cái)富，財(cái)產(chǎn)；富有befounddead被發(fā)現(xiàn)死了（被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為findawealthydoctordead）deadadj.死亡的findsb/sth+adj.（adj作sb的賓語補(bǔ)足語）→被動(dòng)：sb/sthbefound+adj.[拓展]①find+賓語+賓補(bǔ)，除了形容詞作賓補(bǔ)外，還可以用名詞作賓補(bǔ)。Ifindhimanhonestboy.②find+賓語+賓補(bǔ)＝find+從句Ifind(that)heisanhonestboy.However,ifyougetsacredeasily,donotwatchit.[scared]adj.害怕的，恐懼的=afraid/frightenedbesacredtodosth害怕做某事=beafraidtodosth/beafraidofdoingsthbescaredofsth/sb害怕某人/某物=beafraidofsth/sbThisone-hourdocumentarytakesacloselookatthelifeoftigersinIndia.takealookatsth/sb看一看=havealookatsth/sb[close]①adj.近的，接近的；嚴(yán)密的，親密的②vt.關(guān)閉→closedadj.關(guān)著的→closelyadv.密切地winanawardfor...因...而獲獎(jiǎng)[latest]①adj.最新的，最近的=up-to-date②late的最高級(jí)14.recordedfirstandsentoutlater.先被錄制隨后再被播放[record]①可數(shù)名詞“記錄”keeparecordof...把...記錄下來；保留的記載②名詞“（常指運(yùn)動(dòng))記錄，最好的成績(jī)”breakarecord打破記錄make/setarecord創(chuàng)造記錄keep/holdarecord保持記錄√③動(dòng)詞“錄制，錄（像），錄（音）；記錄”[sentout]廣播，發(fā)出，派遣[拓展]sendforsb請(qǐng)某人來（幫忙等）sendup取笑sendsbaway趕走某人Intheprogramme,Icanseescenesfromthecountryaswell.aswell/常用于句末，其前無逗號(hào)aswell.too通常用于肯定句一般用于句末，其前有逗號(hào)，too.位于句中，前后都有逗號(hào)，too，also/位于句中be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞+alsoalso+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+either通常用于否定句放于句末，too的否定形式（，）either.【grammar】[attack]vt.攻擊，襲擊/（在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中使用武器）進(jìn)攻attacksbwithsth用某物襲擊某人Whatwillabeardoifit’sindanger?（be）indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中outof脫離危險(xiǎn)However,shetorethetipsbyaccident.偶然；意外地=bychance◎if/unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句（主將從現(xiàn)）主句從句if如果一般將來時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)如果If置于句首，其后加逗號(hào)與主句隔開。You’llbelateifyoudon’tgetupnow.祈使句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞unless除非一般將來時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)unless在意義上等于if...not，因此在有些情況下可以互換。You’llbelateunlessyougetupnow.祈使句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞【integ