高考英語考綱解讀與熱點難點突破專題16追本溯源　閱讀理解之推理判斷與主旨大意熱點難點突破

專題16追本溯源閱讀理解之推理判斷與主旨大意

一、uCanIseemybaby?”askedthehappynewmother.Thebundle（嬰兒包）wasplacedinher

armsandwhenshemovedthefoldofclothtolookuponhistinyface,shegasped—thebabyhad

beenbornwithoutears.Time,however,provedthatthebaby'shearingwasperfectexcepthis

appearance.

Onedaywhenherushedhomefromschoolandthrewhimselfintohismother?sarms,hecried

outbitterly,“Aboy,abigboy...calledme一afreak."Shesighed,knowingthathis1ifewas

tobeendlessofheartbreaks.

Hegrewup,handsomeforhismisfortune.Afavoritewithhisfellowstudents,hemighthave

beenclasspresident,butforthat.Hedevelopedagiftforliteratureandmusic.

Theboy'sfatherhadatalkwiththefamilydoctor."Couldnothingbedone?”“Ibelieve

wecouldgraft（移植）onapairofouterears,iftheycouldbedonated,“thedoctordecided.So

thesearchbeganforapersonwhowouldmakesuchasacrificeforayoungman.Twoyearswentby.Then,

“You'regoingtothehospital,son.MotherandIhavesomeonewhowilldonatetheearsyouneed.But

it'sasecret."saidthefather.

Theoperationwasabrilliantsuccess.Histalentsblossomedintogenius.Schoolandcollege

becameaseriesofsuccesses.Later,hemarriedandenteredthediplomatic（外交）service."But

Imustknow!”heurgedhisfather."Whogavesomuchforme?Icouldneverdoenoughforhim.”

“Idonotbelieveyoucould,“saidthefather,“buttheagreementwasthatyouarenotto

know...notyet.”

Theyearskeptthesecret,butthedaydidcome一oneofthedarkestdaysthateverpassed

throughason.Hestoodwithhisfatheroverhismother,scasket（棺材）.Slowlyandtenderly,

thefatherstretchedforthahandandraisedthethick,reddish-brownhairtoletoutthesecret.

1.Thestoryismainlyabout.

A.howaboyhadnewearsthroughanoperation

B.whatadevotedparentprivatelydidforthechild

C.howadisabledboyturnedintoausefulperson

D.whyadonatormadeasacrificetoabrightboy

答案B

解析主旨大意題。本文主要講了一位偉大無私的母親把自己的耳朵捐給自己的孩子的故事。故選B。

2.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatthemother.

A.wasdeterminedtodonateherearstoperfectherson

B.keptherhusbandunknownaboutthebaby'ssituation

C.feltshockedanddisappointedtoseehernewbaby

D.complainedofherbadlucktohaveadisabledchild

答案C

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"whenshemovedthefoldofclothtolookuponhistinyface,

shegasped—thebabyhadbeenbornwithoutears”可知,母親看到她的新生兒沒有耳朵感到震驚和失

望。

3.Theunderlinedword“freak”inParagraph2istheclosestinmeaningto"”.

A.slow-actingperson

B.ugly-lookingchild

C.badly-behavedstudent

D.strangely-shapedcreature

答案D

解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“hecriedoutbitterly,，Aboy,abigboy...calledmea<freak":nJ^0,

有個大孩子嘲笑他是“freak”，可能會使很多同學聯(lián)想到那個男孩子沒有耳朵，而將freak一詞誤理解為“長

相丑陋”，下文中描述道'Hegrewup,handsomeforhismisfortune”可知，男孩的外表并不丑陋，而是因為沒

有耳朵在外形上與普通人不一樣，因此我們猜測該詞的含義為：strangeiy-shapedcreatureo

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Theagreementwasbetweenthedonatorandthefamily.

B.Theboywassopopularthathewasmadeclasspresident.

C.Finallytheboycametoknowwhothedonatorwas.

D.Themotherdonatedherearstohersonaftershedied.

答案C

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，那個男孩在母親去世，父親撩開母親的頭發(fā)時最終知道了是

母親把耳朵給了他。故選C。

5.Whatmorallessoncanwedrawfromthisreading?

A.Realloveliesinwhatisdoneunknownratherthanwhatisdoneknown.

B.Itisuptoparentstohelptheirchildrenheartandsoul.

C.Truebeautyliesonlyintheheartnotinappearance.

D.Itisavirtueforyounggenerationstolearntobegrateful.

答案A

解析推理判斷題。本文通過講述一位偉大的母親為兒子捐獻耳朵并對兒子保守秘密，讓我們感受到

了母愛的偉大，有時真愛隱藏在深處而不是流露于外表。

二、Askmostpeopleanywhereintheworldwhattheywantoutoflifeandthereplywillprobably

be：“tobehappy”.EdDeiner,anAmericanpsychologyprofessor,hasspenthiswholeprofessional

lifestudyingwhatmakespeoplehappy,comparinglevelsofhappinessbetweenculturesandtrying

tofindoutexactlywhyweenjoyourselves.

Manypeoplewouldsaythatthisquestiondoesnotneedananswer.ButProfessorDeinerhas

oneanyway."Ifyou'reacheerful,happyperson,yourmarriageismorelikelytolast,andyou're

morelikelytomakemoneyandbesuccessfulatyourjob.Onaverage,happypeoplehavestronger

immunesystems,andthereissomeevidencethattheylivelonger.”

Sowhoaretheworld'shappiestpeople?Itdependsonhowthewordisdefined.Thereis

individualhappiness,thesenseofjoywegetwhenwedosomethingwelike.Butthereisalsothe

feelingofsatisfactionwegetwhenweknowthatothersrespectusandapproveofhowwe

behave.AccordingtoProfessorDeiner,theWesternworldpursuesindividualhappinesswhileAsia

prefersmutualsatisfaction.

“IntheWest,theindividualisticculturemeansthatyourmoodmattersmuchmorethanit

doesintheEast.Peopleaskthemselvesiftheyaredoingwhatisfunorinteresting.Theybecome

unhappywhentheycan'tdoanyofthesethings.IfyouaskpeoplefromJapanorChinaifthey

arehappy,theytendtolookatwhathasgonewrongintheirlives.Ifnotmuchhasgonewrong,

thentheyaresatisfied.”

PeoplefromSpainandotherSpanish-speakingcountrieshadthehappiestculture,Professor

Deinerfound."Thebiggestculturaldifferenceistodowithprideandshame.Hispanic（西班牙

語的）culturesreportmuchmoreprideandmuchlessshamethanothers.”

Incomealsomadeabigdifferencetopeople?shappiness,butonlyatthelowestlevels.Average

incomeearnersintheUSweremuchhappierthanpeopleinpoverty.Butmillionaireswereonlya

littlebithappierthanpeopleonaverageincomes.Itseemsthatmoneymakesushappywhenwehave

enoughtofeelsecure.

6.Accordingtothepassage,happypeopleenjoythefollowingbenefitsEXCEPT.

A.alongmarriageB.respectfromothers

C.professionsuccessD.betterhealth

答案B

解析細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第三、四句"Ifyou'reacheerful,happyperson,yourmarriageis

more1ikelytolast,andyou'remore1ikelytomakemoneyandbesuccessfulatyourjob.Onaverage,

happypeoplehavestrongerimmunesystems,andthereissomeevidencethattheylivelonger.”

可知，快樂的人婚姻更長久，工作更成功，壽命也更長。即長久的婚姻、健康、事業(yè)成功都屬于快樂帶來

的好處。文中并未提到快樂可以給人帶來尊重。

7.InProfessorDeiner,sopinion,.

A.Asianshaveaculturetoenjoyindividualhappiness

B.WesternerscaremoreaboutmutualsatisfactionthanAsians

C.Asiansfocusmoreonothers'respectandapprovalthanWesterners

D.Westernersvalueindividualhappinessasmuchasmutualsatisfaction

答案C

解析推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句^AccordingtoProfessorDeiner,theWesternworldpursues

individualhappinesswhileAsiaprefersmutualsatisfaction.可知,Deiner認為西方人更追求個

人的快樂，而亞洲人卻追求雙向滿意。由此可推知，亞洲人比西方人更在意別人的尊重和認同。

8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefifthparagraph?

A.AttitudetowardsprideandshameresultsinSpanishhappiness.

B.Spanishpeopletaketoomuchprideinthemselves.

C.Hispaniccultureslaystressonprideandshame.

D.IfyouarefromSpain,youarethehappiest.

答案A

解析推理判斷題。第五段大意為“來自西班牙和以西班牙語為母語國家的人擁有最快樂的文化，

Deiner發(fā)現(xiàn)最大的文化差別在于對驕傲和恥辱的態(tài)度，西班牙文化比其他文化更強調驕傲而非恥辱”。由

此可推知，對驕傲和恥辱的態(tài)度造就了西班牙語文化的快樂屬性，所以A項正確。

9.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstotellus.

A.poorpeopleenjoythesamehappinessasmillionaires

B.thehigherincomeonegets,thehappierlifehelives

C.averageincomeearnerslivethehappiestlife

D.enoughmoneycanmakeusfeelsafeandhappy

答案D

解析推理判斷題。最后一?段大意為“收入也會導致快樂程度的不同，美國中產(chǎn)階層比貧窮階層過得

更快樂，但百萬富翁只比中產(chǎn)階層快樂?點點，錢會使人快樂是因為當我們擁有足夠的錢時我們會有安全

感。”由此可知，作者在最后一段表達了“足夠多的錢會讓人們感到快樂和安全”這樣一種看法，所以D

項正確；但此段并無“錢越多人就越快樂”之意，B項將“足夠多的錢能讓人快樂”和“錢越多人越快樂”

混為一談，所以B項錯誤。

10.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.culturaldifferencesinhappiness

B.thehappiestculture

C.reasonsforhappiness

D.benefitsofhappiness

答案c

解析主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了令人快樂的原因，第一段中的“anAmericanpsychologyprofessor,

hasspenthiswholeprofessionallifestudyingwhatmakespeoplehappy”引出后文所有內容，可見文章重點是關

于快樂原因的討論，所以C項正確。

三、ManypublicfiguresfromIT,showbusiness,andsportshavejoinedtheIceBucketChallenge

toraisemoneyforamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS)(肌萎縮性側索硬化)research.Anumberof

internationalfamouspeoplehavealreadytakenthechallenge,includingMicrosoftco-founderBill

Gates,FacebookCEOMarkZuckerberg,Amazon,comfounderandCEOJeffBezos,andAppleInc.CEO

TimCook.TroubledmusicianJustinBieberevenchallengedUSPresidentBarackObama.

TheALSIceBucketChallengerequiresthatparticipantspourabucketoficewateronthemselves

andthenpostavideoofitonsocialmediawhilenominatingoneormorepeopletodothesame

within24hours.Peoplewhofailtotakethechallengewillhavetodonate$100toTheALS

Association,whichadvocatesfindingtreatmentandacureforALS.Andmanyofthosewho'vetaken

thechallengedonatedaswell.

ALSisararediseasethatgraduallyreducespatients,musclestrength,finallymakingthem

becomeunabletospeak,move,swallowandbreathe.InNorthAmerica,ALSiscommonlyknownasLou

Gehrig'sdisease,afterthestarbaseballplayerwhodiedofthediseasein1941attheageof

38.Thebest-knownALSpatienttodayisBritishscientistStephenHawking.Whilemostpeoplewith

ALSsurviveonlytwotofiveyearsafterdiagnosis（診斷）,Hawkinghashadthediseasefor

decades.ThemedicaltreatmentforALSisveryexpensiveandcannotbecoveredbymostsocialwelfare

programs.ThiscreatesdifficultiesformanyALSpatientsandtheirfamilies,bothphysicallyand

mentally.

“Duetotheicebucketcampaign,manypeoplearebeginningtoknowaboutALS.Withmorepeople

awareandmorepeopletakingpartinthefightagainstALS,wecancalmlyworkwithnotonlyother

ALSorganizations,butalsowithmedicalcompaniestospeedupnewtreatmentsforpeopleaffected

bythedisease,“saidBarbaraNewhouse,PresidentandCEOofTheALSAssociation.

31.WhydoestheauthormentionmanyfamouspeopleinParagraph1?

A.TostressthepopularityoftheIceBucketChallenge.

B.Toadviseustolearnfromthem.

C.Toprovetheyaregenerous.

D.TointroducethetargetgroupoftheIceBucketChallenge.

答案A

解析推理判斷題。文章第一段主要介紹很多名人都參與了冰桶挑戰(zhàn)，故可推知作者意在通過列舉名

人吸引讀者注意，突出強調冰桶挑戰(zhàn)的流行，進而引出下文對冰桶挑戰(zhàn)及背景的介紹，故A項正確。

32.Paragraph2ismainlyabouttheIceBucketchallenge's.

A.influenceB.purpose

C.rulesD.development

答案C

解析段落大意題。第二段主要講的是冰桶挑戰(zhàn)要求參與者要將?桶冰水倒在自己身上，并在社交媒

體上發(fā)布一個視頻，提名一個或更多的人在24小時內做同樣的事情，那些沒有完成挑戰(zhàn)的人要捐100美元

給ALS機構。因此，第二段主要講的是冰桶挑戰(zhàn)的規(guī)則，rules符合文意。influence意為“影響"；purpose

意為“目的"；development意為“發(fā)展”，均不符合文意。

33.Thepersonwhoisnominatedforthechallengeisrequiredto.

A.donate$100toTheALSAssociation

B.watchothersvideosonsocialmedia

C.helpfindeffectivetreatmentsforALS

D.pouricewateronhimselfwithintime

答案D

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"TheALSIceBucketChallengerequiresthatparticipants

pourabucketoficewateronthemselvesandthenpostavideoofitonsocialmediawhilenominating

oneormorepeopletodothesamewithin24hours.”可知，被提名參加冰桶挑戰(zhàn)的人要在規(guī)定時間

內把冰水倒在自己身上。

34.WhatdoweknowaboutALSfromthetext?

A.ALSisfairlycommonnow.

B.LouGehrigwasfirstcuredofALS.

C.ItisrareforpeoplewithALStosurvivedecades.

D.SocialwelfareprogramsprovidemedicaltreatmentsforALS.

答案C

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四句"WhilemostpeoplewithALSsurviveonlytwotofiveyears

afterdiagnosis（診斷）"可知，大多數(shù)患有ALS的人在確診后一般只活了2到5年。故可推知，很少

患有ALS的人能夠活數(shù)十年，故C項正確。

35.AccordingtoBarbaraNewhouse,theIceBucketChallenge.

A.makesmorepeoplewellawareofALS

B.teachespeoplehowtofightagainstALS

C.makesmedicalcompanieshelpALSpatients

D.attractsmanypeopletojoinALSorganizations

答案A

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Duetotheicebucketcampaign,manypeoplearebeginning

toknowaboutALS.可知，冰桶挑戰(zhàn)使很多人了解了AL

四、Onehundredgrandmotherswereaskedhowgoodmannershadchangedsincetheywerechildren,

whattheyexpectedoftheirownchildrenwhentheyweregrowingupandhowtheirgrandchildren

behavetoday.

Althoughthegrannieswereunitedinthebeliefthatgoodmannerscostnothing,theyunwillingly

cametotheconclusionthatalltheoldlittlecourtesies（禮節(jié)）aregraduallybeingerased.Some

childrenarenottaughtsimplegoodmannersbytheirparents,inthebeliefthattheyshouldbe

freetoexpressthemselves.

Mannersatmealtimesrevealedthegreatestinter-generationaldifference.While92percent

ofgrandparentsand87percentoftheirchildrensatdownatthetablewithallthefamilyto

eatatleastonceaday,nowadaysthisappliestojust54percentofchildren.

Traditionalfamilymealtimeshavebeenonaslipperyslopeformanyyearsandthissurvey

revealsanapparentcorrespondingdeclineintablemanners.Onegrandmothersaid："My

grandchildrenhavebadtablemannersastheyhavenJtbeentaughtbytheirparents."Only49

percentofchildrentodayhavetoasktogetdownfromthetablecomparedwith89percentoftheir

grandparentsand80percentoftheirparents.Keepingyourelbowsoffthetableisalmosttotally

unnecessary,withjust19percentofgrandchiIdrenstillexpectedtosticktotheoldrule.However,

someparentsarestillkeepingfamilymealtimesalive,witheventhesmallestchildrenjoining

thematthetableintheirhighchairswhetheritistheirmealtimeornot.

Althoughsomelittlecourtesiesmaynolongerbeencouragedtoday,goodoldfashioned

“please"and“thankyou“seemtohaveweatheredthestorm.Nevertheless,therehasbeenabig

downturninwritingthank-youletters,from86percentofgrandparentstojust35percentof

grandchildrenputtingpentopapertoday.

Afinalwordfromonewisegrandmother：”Ifthereweren,trulestherewouldbenothingfor

kidstobreak,norisktotake,noscarstoshowformistakes.Rulesletyoufly.”

1.Whichofthefollowingwou1dsomemodernparentsmostprobablyagreewith?

A.Goodmannersareveryimportant.

B.Kidsshouldshowwhotheytrulyare.

C.Itiseasyforkidstolearngoodmanners.

D.Kidsshouldlearnfromtheirgrandparents.

答案B

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句'Somechildrenarenottaughtsimplegoodmannersbythetr

parents,mthebeliefthattheyshouldbefreetoexpressthemselves."可知，當下一些父母很可能認同孩子們應

該展示他們真實的一面。

2.Accordingtothesurvey,81percentofkids.

A.puttheirelbowsonthetable

B.usuallyeatintheirhighchairs

C.havemealswithallthefamily

D.askpermissiontoleavethetable

答案A

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第四句"Keepingyoure1bowsoffthetableisalmosttotally

unnecessary,withjust19percentofgrandchildrenstillexpectedtosticktotheoldrule.”

可知，根據(jù)調查，只有19%的孩子仍希望遵守舊規(guī)則，而剩下81%的孩子把胳膊肘放在桌子上。

3.Whatmightmanykidsbeencouragedtodo?

A.Apologizesincerelyfacetoface.

B.Showappreciationbywritingletters.

C.Talkabouttheweatherwithstrangers.

D.Expressthankfulnessinspokenwords.

答案D

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句"Nevertheless,therehasbeenabigdownturnin

writingthank-youletters,from86percentofgrandparentstojust35percentofgrandchiIdren

puttingpentopapertoday.”可知,被要求寫感謝信的比例有所下降。故可以推測出,孩子被鼓勵口頭

表達謝意。

4.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetowardsstickingtotraditionalcourtesies?

A.Heisuncertainaboutit.

B.Heismildlycritical.

C.Heapprovesofit.

D.Heisstronglyagainstit.

答案C

解析觀點態(tài)度題。閱讀全文，根據(jù)文章最后一段“Afinalwordfromonewisegrandmother：4If

thereweren'trulestherewouldbenothingforkidstobreak,norisktotake,noscarstoshow

formistakes.Rulesletyoufly.'"可以看出，作者對于堅持傳統(tǒng)的禮節(jié)是支持的。

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowtoExpressYourself?

B.ChangetheUnnecessaryRules

C.AreGoodMannersaThingofthePast?

D.GrandmothersCaringforGrandkids

答案C

解析標題歸納題。閱讀全文，根據(jù)文章內容可知，有一百位祖母被問到，從她們小時候至今，禮貌

有多大改變，她們對自己的孩子成長中的期望以及她們的子孫們今天的行為如何。本文以此展開，主要講

述了禮節(jié)不只是過去的事情。

五、CharityCyclingUKrecentlylaunchedacampaigntoraiseawarenessofdooringafter

discoveringthatmanypeopledon'tknowwhatitis.Dooringiswhenadriverorpassengeropens

thedoorintoanotherroaduser-typicallyacyclist-withoutlookingforotherroadusers.

CyclingUKChiefExecutivePaulTuohytoldG1oucestershireLivet“Somepeopleseemtosee

cardooringasabitofajoke,butit'snotandcanhaveseriousconsequences.CyclingUKwants

toseegreatawarenessmadeaboutthedangersofopeningyourcardoornegligently,andpeople

tobeencouragedtolookbeforetheyopen.”

Thecharitysays2,009ofthe3,000injuriesweresustainedbycyclists,resultinginfive

fatalitiesbutsaysthismightnotbethefullextentofthedanger.

CyclingUKsaysnotallcardooringincidentswillbeattendedbypolice,sothecharityhas

writtentotransportministerJesseNormancallingforapublicawarenesscampaignurgingall

caroccupants,notjustdrivers,tolookbeforeopeningvehicledoors.Oneofthewaysthecharity

suggestsisthe“Dutchreach”,wherepeopleleavingavehiclereachoverandusethenon-door

sidehandtoopenthedoor.

CyclingUKalsosuggestsharsherlawsandadviceonsaferroadpositioningforpeoplewho

cycle.

MrTuohysaid："IntheNetherlandstheyareknownforpractisingamethod,knownsometimes

asthe'Dutchreach"，whichwethinkcouldbesuccessfullyencouragedintheUK.

“CyclingUKhaswrittentotheDepartmentforTransportaskingthemtolookintothis,

andhighlightthedangersof'cardooring,throughapublicawarenessTHINKstylecampaign.”

Ifyou'rereallyconcernedaboutopeningadoorintothepathofacyclistcomingbehind

you,considerusingwhat'sknownasthe'Dutchreach'toopenthedoor.Thatwillnaturally

turnyouinyourseatandgiveyouamuchbetterviewofwhat'scomingupalongsidethecar.

語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了因開車門造成的撞人事故

的危害以及解決問題的可行方法。

6.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Cardooring.

B.Trafficawareness.

C.The"Dutchreach,,.

D.Thecharity'scampaign.

答案A

解析主旨大意題。通讀文章可知，全文圍繞話題cardooring展開，介紹了cardooring的危害以

及解決問題的方法。所以A正確。

7.WhydoestheauthormentionthefiguresinParagraph3?

A.Tocausepublicconcern.

B.Toreporttheterribleaccidents.

C.Toshowthedangersofcardooring.

D.Tostresstheimportanceoftrafficsafety.

答案C

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的；Cyc：mgUKwantstoseegreatawarenessmadeaboutthe

dangersofopeningyourcardoornegligently..."可知，cardoonng有危險，第三段進一步用數(shù)據(jù)說明該問題的

嚴重性。所以C項正確。

8.WhiledoingtheuDutchreachv，youshould.

A.sitstillinyourseat

B.openthecardoorpolitely

C.usetheinsidehandtoopenthedoor

D.usethelefthandtoopenthecardoor

答案C

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“wherepeopleleavingavehiclereachoverandusethe

non-doorsidehandtoopenthedoor”可知,應該用不靠近車門的手開門。故選C。

9.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?

A.Manypeopleareignorantofcardooring.

B.The“Dutchreach“iswellreceivedinEngland.

C.Dooringincidentsareallattendedbypolice.

D.Driversaretoblamefordooringincidents.

答案A

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“CharityCyclingUKrecentlylaunchedacampaigntoraise

awarenessofdooringafterdiscoveringthatmanypeopledon'tknowwhatitis...”以及文中多

次出現(xiàn)的wpublicawareness”可知,很多人對cardooring這個問題重視不夠。

10.What'stheauthor,sattitudetowardscardooring?

A.Enthusiastic.B.Ridiculous.

C.Neutral.D.Concerned.

答案D

解析觀點態(tài)度題。cardooring導致諸多事故，而人們對此又了解不多，作者在字里行間表達了對這

一現(xiàn)象的擔心。故選D。

六、Earthwormslyingonsidewalksorstreetsafteraheavyspringrainhasbecomeacommonplace,

butwhydotheydothis...andcouldthatbeatravelriskiness?Researcherssupposeseveralreasons

whyheavyrainstormsbringearthwormsoutoftheirsoilhomes.Foryearsscientistsseemedto

thinktheonlyreasonearthwormscametothesoilsurfaceafteragoodrainwastopreventdrowning

intheirwater-filledholesintheground.

“Thisisnottrueasearthwormsbreathethroughtheirskinsandactuallyrequirewetinthe

soiltodoso."saidDrChrisLowe,thelecturerinWasteandEnvironmentalManagement.Earthworms

areunabletodrownlikeahumanwould,andtheycanevensurviveseveraldaysfullygounder

thesurfaceofwater.

Soi1expertsnowthinkearthwormssurfaceduringrainstormsformigrationpurposes."Itgives

themanopportunitytomovegreaterdistancesacrossthesoilsurfacethantheycoulddothrough

soil."saidDrLowe."Theycan,tdothiswhenitisdrybecauseoftheirwetrequirements,

butduringunwateredconditions,lifeiscertainlymoredifficultforaworm.”^Earthwormsdig

deeperintothesoilwhereitiswetterwhenconditionsaredry,“saidProfessorMaryAnnBruns.

Anotherexplanationinvolvesraindropvibrations（震動）onthesoilsurfacesoundingsimilar

tovibrationofanimalswhoeatorkillearthworms,likethoseofmoles（露鼠）.Earthwormsoften

cometothesurfacetoescapemoles.uRaincansetupvibrationsontopofthesoillikemole

vibrations.”saidProfessorJosefGorres."Similartohowearthwormsmoveupwardsandoutof

thewaywhenpredatorvibrationsarefelt,theycouldmoveinasimilarwayforrainvibrations.”

Similarly,humanscreatevibrationstobilkwormsoutoftheirholesintheground；fishermen

runapieceofsteelorahandsaw（手鋸）acrossthetopofastake,whichcausesarubbingsound

tooccurasthestakevibrates.Earthwormsarethenmovedtothesurface,muchtothefishermenJs

delight.

Earthwormsusetouchtocommunicateandinteract.Researchconfirmedthatsocialcuesamong

earthwormsinfluencebehavior.Exactlywhyearthwormshavecometoformgroupsisstillbeing

investigated,butitispossiblethatwormsgathertoprotectthemselves.Protectionfromweather

elementshasn,tbeenruledout.

16.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowDoEarthwormsGetRidofBeingAttacked?

B.HowDoEarthwormsCommunicateandInteract?

C.WhyDoEarthwormsSurfaceAfterRain?

D.HowDoEarthwormsSurfaceAfterRain?

答案C

解析標題歸納題。根據(jù)文章內容可知，本文講述的是為什么蚯蚓會在雨后浮出來。故C項作本文標

題最佳。

17.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Earthwormsprotectthemselvesbyvibrations.

B.EarthwormsJbehaviorisinfluencedbytheirlivingplaces.

C.Earthwormssurfaceafterrainforsurvival.

D.It'snotsuitableforearthwormstobreatheindrysoil.

答案D

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thisisnottrueasearthwormsbreathethroughtheirskins

andactuallyrequirewetinthesoiltodoso.”可知，蚯蚓不能在干燥的土壤中呼吸。

18.Accordingtothepassage,heavyraincan.

A.destroyearthworms,home

B.makeearthwormsmovefarther

C.inspireearthwormstokeepfood

D.makeearthwormslivedeeper

答案B

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Itgivesthemanopportunitytomovegreaterdistanceacross

thesoilsurface”可知，大雨會使蚯蚓移動得更遠。

19.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.molesliketoeatearthworms

B.earthwormsgetfoodthroughvibrationsfromeachother

C.toowetenvironmentscanmakeearthwormsdie

D.molevibrationsarethesameasearthwormvibrations

答案A

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段笫一句可知，殿鼠喜歡吃蚯蚓。

20.Theunderlinedword“bilk”canbereplacedby.

A.beatB.cheat

C.preventD.pull

答案B

解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句意可知，人類創(chuàng)造振動，把蟲子從洞里誘騙出來，所以該詞的意思是“騙”。

故選B。

七、Areyousickofgoingtobedlateandwakinguptired?Thengrabyourhikingbootsand

atent.Anewstudysuggeststhatacoupledaysofcampinginthegreatoutdoorscanresetyour

circadianclockandhelpyougetmoresleep.

Thecircadianclock,morecommonlyknownasthebodyclock,isaninternalsystemthattells

ourbodieswhenit'stimetogotosleepandwhenit'stimetogotowakeup.Scientiststrack

thisclock