跨文化交際期末考試復(fù)習(xí)題

Definethefollowingitems:interculturalcommunication:issimplydefinedasinterpersonalcommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturalmunicationdonebothorallyandinwrittenmunication:allcommunicationsettingthatisgeneratedbyboththesourceandhisorheruseoftheenvironment4.Monochronictime一元時(shí)間觀念:meanspayingattentiontoanddoingonlyonethingatatime.5.Polychronictime多元時(shí)間觀念:meansbeinginvolvedwithmanythingsatonce.6.ethnocentrism：theviewofthingsinwhichone’sowngroupisthecenterofeverything,andallothersarescaledandratedwithreferencetoit.7.stereotypes：referstonegativeorpositivejudgmentmadeaboutindividualsbasedonanyobservableorbelievedgroupmembership.針對(duì)目標(biāo)群體成員所特有的正面或方面的判斷。8.encodingistheactofputtinganideaorthoughtintoacode..編碼：是指將思想轉(zhuǎn)換成代碼的行為過(guò)程。9.Cultureidentity:referstoone’ssenseofbelongingtoaparticularcultureorethnicgroup.文化身份：指有意識(shí)地把自己歸為某一特定文化或種族群體。10.Subcultureareformedbygroupsofpeoplepossessingcharacteristictraitsthatsetapartanddistinguishthemfromotherswithinalargersocietyordominantculture.亞文化:具有能在更大的一個(gè)社會(huì)范圍內(nèi)或主流文化中使自己有別于他人的特點(diǎn)的人類群體所形成的文化。Cultureshock文化震驚:isafeelingoffrustration,uneasiness,oruncertaintythatmanypeopleexperienceinunknownsettings.Taboo禁忌語(yǔ)：referstosomeobjects,wordsoractionsthatareavoidedbyaparticulargroupofpeople,orincertaincultureforreligiousorsocialreasons.在特定文化中出于宗教或社會(huì)原因被一特定群體所避免使用的一些詞語(yǔ)或行為。13.Paralanguage副語(yǔ)言：referstotherate,pitchandvolumequalitiesofthevoice,whichinterruptortemporarilytaketheplaceofspeechandaffectthemeaningofamessage是與口語(yǔ)交際有關(guān)，指說(shuō)的速度，音高，和質(zhì)量，這些要素會(huì)打斷或臨時(shí)取代語(yǔ)言并影響信息的語(yǔ)意表達(dá).CauseofCultureshockStressreaction3.roleshockCognitivefatigue4.personalshock(4).ComponentsofCommunication：SenderAnypersonthatproducesthemessageSource交際邀請(qǐng)Thesourceisthepersonwithanideaheorshedesirestocommunicate.Code代碼AnysystematicarrangementorcomprehensivecollectionofsymbolsEncoding編碼Encodingistheactofputtinganideaorthoughtintoacode.Message編碼信息ThetermmessageisthecontentofinteractionChannel交際渠道Themodebywhichamessagemovesfromthesourceofthemessagetothereceiverofthemessage.Noise干擾Anyfactorthathindersordistortsthereceptionofmessages.Receiver交際接受ThepersonthatreceivesthemessageinthecommunicationResponse反應(yīng)ThereactionofthereceivertothedecodedmessageFeedback反饋Informationgeneratedbythereceiverandmadeavailabletoasourcethatallowsthesourcetomakequalitativejudgmentsaboutthecommunicationwhileitistakingplace(5)Whatisnonverbalcommunication?Nonverbalcommunicationinvolvesallnonverbalstimuliinacommunicationsettingthatisgeneratedbyboththesourceandhisorheruseoftheenvironmentandthathaspotentialmessagevalueforthesourceorreceiver..CulturedifferenceonlexicallevelThelexicalmeaningofculturedifferencecanlargelybegroupedintotwotypes:denotationandconnotation.Denotationistheconceptualmeaningofthewordthatdesignatesordescribesthings,eventsorprocesses,etc.Itistheprimary,explicitmeaninggiveninthedefinitionofawordinadictionary.Connotationreferstotheemotionalorsty