unit3 how do you get to school【核心知識(shí)必背】 人教版英語七年級 下冊 必背知識(shí)清單（人教版）

Unit3Howdoyougettoschool？七年級英語下冊必備知識(shí)清單一、詞匯知識(shí)清單I、課標(biāo)詞匯[注意英譯漢]train[tre?n]n.火車bus[b?s]n.公交車subway['s?bwe?]n.地鐵takethesubway乘地鐵ride[ra?d]v.騎n.旅程bike[ba?k]n.自行車rideabike騎自行車sixty['s?kst?]num.六十seventy['sev(?)nt?]num.七十eighty['e?t?]num.八十ninety['na?nt?]num.九十hundred['h?ndr?d]num.一百minute['m?n?t]n.分鐘far[fɑ?(r)]adv.&adj.遠(yuǎn)；遠(yuǎn)的kilometer['k?l?,mit?](=kilometre)(abbr.km)n.公里new[nju?]adj.新的；剛出現(xiàn)的every['evr?]adj.每一；每個(gè)everyday每天by[ba?]prep.（表示方式）乘（交通工具）bybike騎自行車drive[dra?v]v.開車car[kɑ?r]n.小汽車；轎車live[l?v]v.居住；生活stop[st?p]n.車站；停止thinkof認(rèn)為cross[kr?s]v.橫過；越過river['r?v?]n河，江many['men?]adj.&pron.許多village['v?l?d?]n.村莊，村鎮(zhèn)between[b?'twi?n]prep.介于…之間between…and…在……和……之間bridge[br?d?]n.橋boat[b??t]n.小船ropeway['rop,we]n.索道year[j??]\o"真人發(fā)音"n.年；歲afraid[?'fre?d]adj.害怕；畏懼like[la?k]prep.像；怎么樣villager[?v?l?d??r]n.村民leave[li?v]v.離開dream[dri?m]n.夢想；睡夢;v.做夢true[tru?]adj.真的；符合實(shí)際的cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)；成為現(xiàn)實(shí)II、語法詞匯知其變[注意詞性變化]bus[b?s]n.公交車---pl.busesride[ra?d]v.騎n.旅程---ing形式riding---n.rider騎手；附文；扶手new[nju?]adj.新的；剛出現(xiàn)的---n.news新聞everyday每天---adj.everyday日常的，每天的---adv.everyday天天，每天drive[dra?v]v.開車---ing形式driving---n.driver司機(jī)，駕駛員live[l?v]v.居住；生活---ing形式living---adj.lively活潑的；真實(shí)的---adj.living活的，逼真的stop[st?p]n.車站；停止---ing形式stoppingcross[kr?s]v.橫過；越過---ing形式crossing---adv.across從一邊到另一邊；在……對面---prep.across從一邊到另一邊；橫過，穿過village['v?l?d?]n.村莊，村鎮(zhèn)---n.villager村民leave[li?v]v.離開---ing形式leaving---過去式---leftdream[dri?m]n.夢想；睡夢;v.做夢---ing形式dreaming---n.dreamer夢想家，做夢的人，不切實(shí)際的人true[tru?]adj.真的；符合實(shí)際的---adv.truly真實(shí)地，真誠地，準(zhǔn)確地III、重點(diǎn)短語知搭配[注意固定短語的英漢互譯]takethetrain/bus/boat乘火車/公共汽車/船Howdoyougetto…?你怎樣到達(dá)……bybike騎自行車howlong多久，多長howfar多遠(yuǎn)Howlongodesittakesb.todo…?做……花某人多長時(shí)間？Howfarisitfrom…to…?……離……有多遠(yuǎn)？I'mnotsure.我不能確信。haveagooddayatschool上課快樂you,too.你也是。thebusride乘公共汽車walktoschool走路上學(xué)driveone'scartodo…開某人的車去做……fromhere從這兒thinkof認(rèn)為Howfardoeshe/shelivefrom…?他/她住在離……有多遠(yuǎn)？Whatdoeshe/shethinkof…?他/她覺得……如何？between…and…在…..和……之間cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)，成為現(xiàn)實(shí)bybus/train乘公交車/火車itisadj.todo…做……怎么樣runtooquicklyfor…對……來說流得太急crosstheriver通過河one(an)11-year-oldboy一個(gè)11歲的男孩benotafraid不害怕lovetodo喜歡做……playwith和……玩耍belike…tosb.像……一樣對……Itisone'sdreamtodo…做……是某人的夢想likethis像這樣havetodo…不得不做……onaropeway坐索道thanksfor…因……感謝你getthere到達(dá)那兒IV、核心單詞知用法[注意固定短語、句型和詞塊]SectionA1.Howdoyougettoschool？你怎么去學(xué)校的呢？(P.13)(1)how作疑問副詞，意為“如何，怎樣”，表示用什么手段，在本單元主要用于詢問交通工具。例如：Howdoyourparentsgotowork?Howdoesyourbrothergotothemuseum?HowdoesMikegettotheschool?Howdotheygohome?(2)get作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“到達(dá)”，常與to連用，表示目的地的詞是副詞here、there、home等時(shí)，不需用介詞to?！就卣埂孔⒁鈪^(qū)分get和reach，arrive的用法reach作及物動(dòng)詞，其后直接接賓語arrive作不及物動(dòng)詞，“arrivein+大地點(diǎn)；arriveat+小地點(diǎn)”例如：Theyfinallygetto/reach/arriveinTianjininthemorning.Myauntgivesmeacallassoonasshegetsto/reaches/arrivesatbusstation.Themonkeygetsto/reaches/arrivesatthezoo.Thepartyissoboring,Iwanttogohome.Pleasecomehereandjoinus.Idon’twanttogothere.It’sscary.2.Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?從你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?(P.14)Howfar作疑問副詞，意為“多遠(yuǎn)，多少距離”。常用疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)“HowisitfromAtoB?=HowfarisBfromA?從A到B有多遠(yuǎn)？”答語：(1)It’s…meters/miles/kilometers(away)from...有……米/英里/千米（遠(yuǎn)）(2)It’sabouttenminutes’walk/ride.大約有十分鐘步行/騎車的路程。(3)It’sfar/near.離得遠(yuǎn)/近。例如：——Howfarisyourschoolfromyourhome?——It’sfivekilometersawayfrommyschooltomyhome./It’sabouttenminutes’ride./It’snear.——HowfarisitfromChongqingtoBeijing?——It’sabout1800kilometers./It’sabouthalfpastthreehours’flight./It’sfar.【拓展】AbefarfromB：A離B遠(yuǎn)；Abe具體路程+awayfromB：A到B有……A+be+路程距離from+BFromAtoB：A離B有……例如：Myschoolisfarfrommyhome.Myschoolis10kilometersawayfrommyhome.It’s10kilometers(away)frommyschooltomyhome.Myschool（A）is10kilometersfrommyhome（B）.3.I’mnotsure…about10kilometers?我不確定，大概10公里吧。(P.14)about作介詞，可譯作“大約，左右=around；將近，幾乎；到處，處處，各處；在某地，附近，周圍”例如：Theywaited(for)about/aroundanhour.I'mjustaboutreadyThechildrenwererushingaboutinthegarden.Therewasnobodyabout.4.Howlongdoesittakeyoutogettoschool?你到學(xué)校要花多長時(shí)間?(P.14)(1)howlong作疑問副詞，意為“多久”，用于提問時(shí)間。例如：——Howlongdoesittakeyoutogettoschool?——Just10minutes’ride.——HowlonghaveyoubeeninAmerica?——Fortwoyears.(2)take作動(dòng)詞，意為“

攜帶；拿走；取走；花費(fèi)”【拓展】辨析take,spend,cost,pay花費(fèi)主語賓語結(jié)構(gòu)takeit時(shí)間Ittakessbsometimetodosth.做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間spend人時(shí)間/金錢Sb.spendsometime/moneyonsth某人在某事或某物上花費(fèi)時(shí)間/錢Sb.spendsometime/money(in)doingsth某人花時(shí)間/金錢做某事cost物金錢Sth.costsbsomemoney某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢pay人金錢Sb.paysomemoneyforsth.某人為某物付款/花費(fèi)多少錢例如：Ittookhimsevendaystomakethebigcake.Ittakesmehalfanhourtodomyhomework.Ittakesus40minutestogettothenewcity.Hespentsevendaysmakingthebigcake.Hespentsevendaysonthebigcake.Ispend20yuanbuyingthisbook.Ispend20yuanonthisbook.Theskirtcostsher200yuan.Hepaid1000yuanfortheTVset.5.Findsomeonewholivesaboutfivekilometersfromschool.找一個(gè)住在離學(xué)校大約5公里的人。(P.15)live作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“居住，生活”。常用短語：(1)liveonsth.以某物為食(2)livea...life過...生活例如：Thesheepliveonthegreengrass.weliveonmilkwhenwearethebaby.Thepoorliveadifficultlifebecauseofthebadweather.Thechildrenliveahappylifewithhope.【拓展】lively作形容詞，意為“活潑的；真實(shí)的”；living作形容詞，意為“活的，逼真的”。例如：Theoldwomanlikesallofthelivelykids.Theboylooksatthelivingfishinthepicture.SectionB1.busstop公交車站，巴士站（小站點(diǎn)）busstation公交車站（主要指公共交通樞紐站）(P.16)例如：atthebusstop/stationIwillwaitforyouatthebusstop.Let’smeetatthebusstation.2.Marywantstoknowwhathethinksofthetrip.瑪麗想知道他對這次旅行有什么看法。(P.16)(1)…whathethinksofthetrip作動(dòng)詞know的賓語，為賓語從句。(2)Whatdoyouthinkof/about...?=Howdoyoulike...?你認(rèn)為.....怎么樣？詢問某人看法的句型例如：Whatdoyouthinkof/aboutthebook?=Howdoyoulikethebook?WhatdoesMarythinkof/abouttheEnglishstory?=HowdoesMaryliketheEnglishstory?Whatdoyourgrandparentsthinkof/aboutthepicture?=Howdoyourgrandparentslikethepicture?Whatdoyouthinkofgoingshopping?=Howdoyouthinkofgoingshopping?3.Crossingtherivertoschool.過河去上學(xué)。(P.17)cross作動(dòng)詞，意為“穿過，橫穿、交叉”。亦作名詞，意為“十字標(biāo)記，十字形（或叉形）物”，復(fù)數(shù)形式為crosses。例如：HecrossedtheYellowRiveryesterday．Thetwostreetscrossinthecenterofthecity．Mr.Limarkedthepaperwithacross．【拓展】crossing作名詞，意為“人行橫道，渡口；交叉口，十字路口”across作介詞，意為“穿過”，cross=goacrossacross與through都譯為穿過,但across指從物體表面上過去，而through指物體內(nèi)部空間穿過例如：Youcanturnleftatthesecondcrossing．Weshouldpayattentiontothetrafficlightsatthecrossing.Goacrossthebridge,thenyoucanseethelibrary.Shecrossedtheriveryesterday.Sheswamacrosstheriveryesterday．Thetravelerswalkthroughtheforest.4.Formanystudents,itiseasytogettoschool.對許多學(xué)生來說，上學(xué)很容易。(P.17)(1)for作介詞，意為“對；為了；因?yàn)?，由于”，后跟?n./pron./v.ing”作賓語。例如：Thanksforyourwritingmeback.Wedidn’tgototheparkfortherainyesterday.It’simportantformostpeopletoliveahealthylife.Thereisnoneedformetogetupearlytomorrow.Foryourstudy,youshouldstudyharder.Weshouldsavewaterforprotectingourearth.(2)itiseasytogettoschool.句中it作形式主語，真正的主語為“togettoschool”。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“it’sadj.forsb.todosth.”意為“對某人來說做某事是……。”例如：It’seasyforustodothetask.It’srelaxingforchildrentowatchTVonweekends.It’simportantforourstudentstostudyhard.It’shelpfulforJacktofollowtheteacher’sadvice.It’sinterestingformetoreadsciencebooks.It’susefultolistentoEnglishradio.5.Thereisnobridgeandtheriverrunstooquicklyforboats.這里沒有橋，河水湍急，不能劃船。(P.17)no作形容詞來修飾名詞，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)“no+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞=nota/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”；修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)“no+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞=notany+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞”例如：Thereisnobridge.=Thereisnotabridge.Thereisnostudentintheclassroom.=Thereisn’tastudentintheclassroom.Themanwalksfor2daysbutheeatsnofood.=Themanwalksfor2daysbuthedoesn’teatanyfood.Ihavenoproblems.=Idon’thaveanyproblems.6.One11-year-oldboy,Liangliang,crossingtherivereveryschoolday.11歲的男孩亮亮每天都要過河。(P.17)11-year-old作復(fù)合形容詞，用作定語，修飾名詞boy。結(jié)構(gòu)為“數(shù)詞+名詞（+形容詞）”構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞，其中的名詞只能用單數(shù)形式。例如：Heisan8-year-oldboy.Thereisa7-daytripfromLijiangtoXishuangbanna.Wewillhavea2-hourmeeting.Tomhasathree-milewalkwithhisgrandpa.Heishelpingthecoachreadyforthefive-yearplanofourteam.7.Butheisnotafraid.但他并不害怕。(P.17)afraid作形容詞，意為“害怕；畏懼”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：“beafraidtodo害怕做某事”，是主觀上的原因不去做，怕；“beafraidofdoing唯恐做某事”，擔(dān)心做某事會(huì)引起某種后果；“beafraidofsth.害怕某物/某事”；“beafraidthat+clause恐怕”。例如：Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。Theworkerisafraidtotalkwithhisboss.Theworkerisafraidofmakinganymistakes.Mostofgirlsareafraidofsnakes.Wearenotafraidofourteacherbecausesheispatientwithus.I’mafraidthatIcan’tgotoPariswithyou.8.Manyofthestudentsandvillagersneverleavethevillage.許多學(xué)生和村民從未離開過村子。(P.17)leave作動(dòng)詞，既可作及物動(dòng)詞，又可作不及物動(dòng)詞，常見用法如下：(1)leavesp./sb./sth.離開某地/某人/某物(2)leaveforsp.前往某地，動(dòng)身去某地(3)聽任,使處于某種狀態(tài)(4)leave+sth.+介詞sp.把某物遺忘在某地(5)辭去(工作等);脫離(組織等)例如：Don’tforgettoclosethedoorwhenyouleavehome.MylovelydogleftmewhenIwas6yearsold.Mr.LeedecidestoleaveforLondonforbusiness.Wehavetoleaveforschoolnow.Pleaseleavethewindowsopen.Ifeelsadnow,sojustleavemealone.Mr.Smith,IamsosorrythatIleavemyhomeworkathome.Themanleaveshiskeysinthecar.Maryleftschoollastyearandsheisworkinginashopnow.9.Itistheirdreamtohaveabridge.擁有一座橋是他們的夢想。(P.17)(1)dream作動(dòng)詞，意為“做夢”，常用搭配為“dreamof/about+n./pron./v.ing夢想，夢見”；作可數(shù)名詞，意為“夢想；睡夢”。例如：Ihadabeautifuldreamlastnight.Wehaveadreamthatwecanflyinthesky.Allpeopledreamofthepeaceoftheworld.Womanalllikediamond,becauseitmeansforever.Samdreamsofbecomingascientist.Theseyoungmenalldreamoftravelingallovertheworld.Everyonedreamsofher,becausesheissowonderful.(2)句子“It’stheirdreamtohaveabridge.”中“it”為形式主語，真正的主語為“tohaveabridge”。10.Cantheirdreamcometrue?他們的夢想能實(shí)現(xiàn)嗎?(P.17)不及物動(dòng)詞短語cometrue意為“實(shí)現(xiàn)，成為現(xiàn)實(shí)”，后面不能直接跟賓語，常用“dreamcometrue夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)”。例如：Chinadreamcancometrueoneday.Hopemywishescometrue.It’stimethatourdreamscometrue.【拓展】realize和achieve作及物動(dòng)詞，后直接跟賓語。例如：Wecanrealize/achieveourChinadreamoneday.HopethatIrealize/achievemywishes.It’stimeforustorealize/achieveourdreams.11.Theyhavetocrossaverybigriverbetweentheirschoolandthevillage.在學(xué)校和村莊之間，他們必須穿過一條非常大的河。(P.17)(1)haveto意為“不得不，被迫”，后加動(dòng)詞原形，側(cè)重客觀的需要，有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：have/hasto+動(dòng)原，一般過去時(shí)：hadto+動(dòng)原）；否定式為“don’t/doesn’thaveto(needn’t)不必，沒必要”。例如：Ihavetogohometotakecareofmybabysister.Hehastofinishthisjobthisweek.—DoIhavetohandinmypaperrightnow?—yes,youhaveto./No,youdon’thaveto./No,youneedn’t.【拓展】must作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“必須”，后加動(dòng)詞原形，側(cè)重于說話者的主觀看法，認(rèn)為有必要或有義務(wù)做某事，只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)一種形式；否定式為“mustn’t不準(zhǔn)，禁止”。例如：Harry,youmustgototheschooltostudy.Wemustsavewaterforourearth.Thestudentsmustn’ttakethephonetotheschool.Thedriversmustn’tstophere.(2)介詞短語betweenAandB意為“在A和B之間”。例如：Thereisabridgebetweenthismountainandthatmountain.IsitdownbetweenJessicaandJack.二、語法知識(shí)清單how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句提問交通方式并回答1.交通方式的詢問：Howdo/doessb.gettosp.?2.交通方式的回答：(1)take+a/an/the+表示交通工具的名詞，意為“乘……去某地”，是動(dòng)詞短語，在句中作謂語。(2)介詞短語作方式狀語：by+表示交通工具的單數(shù)名詞on/in+a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的單數(shù)名詞(3)walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地點(diǎn)名詞，步行/騎自行車/開車/坐飛機(jī)去某地常用表達(dá)方式：walk=go/come/getto/arrive/reach...onfootridea/mybike=go/come/getto/arrive/reach…onthebike/bybiketakethebus=go/come/getto/arrive/reach…onthebus/bybusdrivea/mycar=go/come/getto/arrive/reach…inacar/bycarfly=go/come/getto/arrive/reach…byplane/air=go/come/getto/arrive/reach…ona/theplane例如：Iwalktoschool.=Igettoschoolonfoot.Iridemybiketoschool.=Igettoschoolbybike.=Igettoschoolonmybike.Itakethebustoschool.=Igettoschoolbybus=Igettoschoolonthebus.Driveacartowork.=Gotoworkbycar.=Gotoworkinacar.flytoshanghai=gotoshanghaibyplane/air=takethe/aplanetoshanghai=gotoshanghaiona/an/theplane.【注意】by+表示交通工具的單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，名詞前不能加任何冠詞或者其他修飾詞。三、語篇知識(shí)清單本單元主要圍繞日常生活中人們的出行方式、出行所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間及兩地之間的距離而展開話題討論。此類話題與我們的生活非常貼近，同學(xué)們在寫作過程中，應(yīng)熟練運(yùn)用所學(xué)句型來表達(dá)怎樣到達(dá)某地、某地有多遠(yuǎn)、到該地需要多長時(shí)間等。寫作步驟◆步驟一：在第一部分可通過自我介紹來引出話題。◆步驟二：在第二部分可使用所學(xué)句子“It’sabouttwokilometers.”；“Iusuallygotoschoolbybike…”和“Ittakesmeaboutfifteenminutes…”來介紹具體情況?！舨襟E三：結(jié)尾可談及相關(guān)感受?！緦徢孱}目】內(nèi)容：介紹上學(xué)的相關(guān)情況，根據(jù)提示要求連詞成句，連句成文。文體：日記，記敘文，書信人稱：第一人稱I或we；第二人稱you；第三人稱he/she/they?！绢^腦風(fēng)暴】【提供素材】◆語塊上學(xué)情況Igotoschoolbybus/subway/bike/car.Itakethebusatthebusstopeveryday.Ittakessb.10minutestogotoschool.It’saboutfivekilometersfrommyhometoschool.It’sabout15minutesbybike.Mymotherhastotakemetoschoolbyhercar.It’sabout15minutes’ride.=It’sabout15-minuteride.感受Ilikeridingtoschool.Iamafraidoftakingthesubwaybymyself,whenIwasyoung.Ithinkit’sahealthywaytogotoschoolbybike.Ilikegoingtoschoolbybus,becauseit’sfriendlytotheearth/environment.其他AllroadsleadtoRome.條條大路通羅馬。Aroadofathousandmilesbeginswithonestep.千里之行始于足下。◆句型Sb.go(es)toschoolby…Sb.take(s)thebusatthebusstopeveryday.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.It’sabout…kilometersfrommyhometoschool.It’sabout…minutesbybike.Sb.beafraidofdoingsth.byoneself.Whatdo/doessb.thinkof(doing)sth.?Sp.isatthecrossingofthestreet.Ais(not)farfromB.【謀篇布局】【點(diǎn)評范文】1.內(nèi)容：本文章要求對上學(xué)情況進(jìn)行介紹。2.語言：從自我介紹，上學(xué)情況到談及感受，文章清晰準(zhǔn)確地進(jìn)行了描述，邏輯清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)清楚。文章中的佳句有時(shí)間狀語從句“Butwhenitrains,mymotherhastotakemetoschoolbyhercar.”和原因狀語從句“Ilikeridingmybiketoschoolbecauseitishealthy.”。例文：假如你叫王偉，請你以RidingaBiketoSchool為題，寫一篇短文，介紹一下自己每天上學(xué)的方式。要點(diǎn)提示：1.你家離學(xué)校的距離；2.你上學(xué)的方式；3.花費(fèi)的時(shí)間；4.你對此上學(xué)方式的看法。要求：1.內(nèi)容完整，語句通順；2.包含所有要點(diǎn)提示，并可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；3.不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)人名、校名，詞數(shù)60左右。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________