第七節(jié)動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)

第一部分語(yǔ)法精講精練第七節(jié) 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)01中考導(dǎo)航02考點(diǎn)突破03課堂小測(cè)04中考模擬演練目錄導(dǎo)航中考導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)廣東省卷近五年中考統(tǒng)計(jì)高頻考點(diǎn)201420152016201720181.系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞√★☆☆2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞√√√√√★★★中考導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)廣東省卷近五年中考統(tǒng)計(jì)高頻考點(diǎn)201420152016201720183.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)√√√√★★★考情分析：從近五年考查情況來(lái)看，動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是重要考點(diǎn)，2018年之前每年均考查2題以上，中考導(dǎo)航其中動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是每年的必考點(diǎn)。2018年題量減

少后只考查了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞這個(gè)考點(diǎn)，可能考慮到動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在

完形填空中有較多的考查，但是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也是重要考點(diǎn)，

備考時(shí)也必須重視。2019年備考時(shí)要特別注意動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的練習(xí)，熟記?？嫉膭?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不要

混淆；對(duì)系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞也要熟練掌握。動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

辨析是完形填空中的重要考點(diǎn)，每年均考查3題以上，是

完形填空中所占分值比重最大的考點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們要重點(diǎn)突破?？键c(diǎn)突破有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的基本知識(shí)(本考點(diǎn)為動(dòng)詞的基本知識(shí)，雖不會(huì)直接出題，但也要了解，對(duì)掌握和理解其他考點(diǎn)有幫助。)1．動(dòng)詞的基本形式

(1)動(dòng)詞原形原形是動(dòng)詞最基本的形式，沒(méi)有作任何變化，如like,come,

watch,play,run,

wash等。(2)第三人稱單數(shù)形式在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中，當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞原形后面加s或es構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則變化：①動(dòng)詞be在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中有三種形式：am,

is和are。②have的第三人稱單數(shù)形式是has。巧學(xué)妙記：am，is和are的使用“我/I”，用am，“你/you”用are,

is用于“他/he”“她/she”“它/it”。遇到復(fù)數(shù)都用are。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞原形要改為現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加ing。詳細(xì)規(guī)則如下：情況變化方法例子一般情況在動(dòng)詞末尾加ingwork—working,go—going以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去掉e，再加ingcome—coming,make—making情況變化方法例子以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞(初中共3個(gè))改ie為y，再加ingdie—dying,lie—lying,tie—tying情況變化方法例子以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音

字母的動(dòng)詞先雙寫這一輔音字母，再加ingget—getting,run—runningplan—planning,chat—chatting(4)過(guò)去式在一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞原形要改為過(guò)去式。過(guò)去式一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加ed。詳細(xì)規(guī)則如下：情況變化方法例子一般情況在動(dòng)詞末尾加edwork—worked,want—wanted情況變化方法例子以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加ddance—danced,hope—hoped以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞改y為i，再加edcarry—carried,try—tried以情況變化方法例子重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞先雙寫這一輔音字母，再加edstop—stopped,chat—chatted(不規(guī)則變化形式詳見(jiàn)《早讀材料》中的“不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞一覽表”)(5)過(guò)去分詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞原形要改為過(guò)去分詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞同過(guò)去式。2．及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞根據(jù)能否接賓語(yǔ)可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。如下表：及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞本

身意義不完

整，需要接

賓語(yǔ)才能使

其意思完整。如：love,need,

ask,want,

have主要用于下列三種句型中：①動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)；①Would

youplease

open

thewindow？請(qǐng)你打開(kāi)窗戶好嗎？及物動(dòng)詞本身意義②動(dòng)詞＋賓②We

call

himBill.及物動(dòng)詞不完整，需要接賓語(yǔ)才能使如：love,need,

ask,want,

have語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)；③動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直我們叫他比爾。③May

I

askyoua

question？其意思完接賓語(yǔ)我可以問(wèn)你一整。個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？不及物動(dòng)①Horses

runfast.不及物動(dòng)詞詞自身意思完整，無(wú)需接賓如：happen，come,

go,run,

work等/馬跑得快。②They

work

in

afactory.語(yǔ)。他們?cè)谝患夜S工作。系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞(★☆☆)分類定義常見(jiàn)詞例子系動(dòng)詞(2011,2010年考)本身有意義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，須和表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：e(變得),get(成為，變得),look(看上去),seem(似乎，好像),The

mountainlooks

sobeautiful.這座山看起來(lái)真漂亮。分類定義常見(jiàn)詞例子這些詞沒(méi)有

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形

式，也不用

于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。turn(變得),sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)),smell(聞起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái)),feel(感覺(jué)),keep(保持)等。It

sounds

great！聽(tīng)起來(lái)很棒！分類定義常見(jiàn)詞例子助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)常用的助動(dòng)詞有：is,

am,

are,

was,were,

isn't,aren't,

wasn't,weren't,

amnot,do,does,助動(dòng)詞義或意義不完整，不能單Tom

is

reading

abook

under

the

tree.詞獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)。湯姆正在樹(shù)下看書。它必須和別的(is幫助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí))動(dòng)詞連用，分類定義常見(jiàn)詞例子助動(dòng)詞幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定句和疑問(wèn)句等結(jié)構(gòu)。did,

doesn't,don't,didn't,will,won't,

have,has,

haven't,hasn't等。Whatdid

youdolastSaturday?上星期六你做了什么？(did用于構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句)(

)1.(2011廣東)This

silk

dress

sosmooth.It'smadeinChina.A.feels

B．smells

C．sounds

D．tastes( )2.(2010廣東)You

cool！Aretheseyournewsunglasses?A.taste

B．lookC．smellD．sound母題訓(xùn)練AB( )3.Some

ofmyfriends

eatwith

their

eyes.Theyprefertoorder

what

nice.A.feels

B．smells

C．looks

D．tastes( )4.—Whydoyouwanttostayathome?—Because

I

good

when

I

amwith

my

family.A.smelt

B．feel

C．taste

D．sound中考預(yù)測(cè)CB情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(★★★)1．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的類型①只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的有：must;

can(could),may(might)，②可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的有：need；③可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作助動(dòng)詞的有：will(would),

shall(should)；④具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的某些特征的有：have

to,

ought

to。2．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征①有一定的詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和行為動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。②無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化(haveto例外：用于第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has

to)。如：We

must

stay

here.我們必須待在這兒。Wehave

to

walk

home.我們不得不步行回家。

He

has

to

walk

home.他不得不步行回家。③后接動(dòng)詞原形，即不帶to的不定式。如：Shemay

lose

her

way.她可能迷路了。④具有助動(dòng)詞的作用，可用來(lái)構(gòu)成否定句、疑問(wèn)句及用于簡(jiǎn)明答語(yǔ)。如：—Canyou

singanEnglish

song？你會(huì)唱英語(yǔ)歌嗎？—Yes,

I

can.是的，我會(huì)。3．幾個(gè)重要情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法

(1)can，could(2018、2014、2013年考)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can和could的三個(gè)基本用法：①都可表示能力，意思是“能，會(huì)”，can的否定形式是

can't(cannot)，意思是“不能，不會(huì)”。在過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中則對(duì)應(yīng)用could和couldn't。如：My

brother

can't

fly

a

kite.我弟弟不會(huì)放風(fēng)箏。Could

you

swim

attheageof

six？你6歲時(shí)會(huì)游泳嗎？②都可表示推測(cè)，意思是“可能”，一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，can的否定式can't的意思是

“不可能”。表示推測(cè)時(shí)，could本身可以作為一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用，而不是can的過(guò)去式；could只有用于表示過(guò)去的推測(cè)時(shí)才是can的過(guò)去式。如：What

can

your

sister

be

doing

now？你妹妹現(xiàn)在可能在干什么呢？You

could

be

right,

but

I

don't

think

so.你可能是對(duì)的，但我認(rèn)為不是這樣。③can和could都可以用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求許可，意思是“能，可以”。此時(shí)can一般用于平輩、熟人之間；could語(yǔ)氣較為委婉客氣，一般用于向老師、父母和長(zhǎng)輩請(qǐng)求許可。注意：這種用法中，答句都用can的適當(dāng)形式。如：—Could

I

watch

TV

now,Dad？爸爸，我現(xiàn)在可以看電視嗎？—No，you

can't.You

must

finish

your

homework

first.不，不可以。你必須先完成你的作業(yè)。(2)can，be

able

to兩者都表示能夠；可能。be

able

to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，

can沒(méi)有將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)。如：Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他們很快就能告訴你消息了。can和它的過(guò)去式could還可表示請(qǐng)求和猜測(cè)。如：—Could

I

have

the

television

on？我可以打開(kāi)電視嗎？(表示請(qǐng)求)—Yes,

you

can./No,you

can't.是的，你可以。/不，你不能。

He

couldn't

be

a

bad

man.他不大可能是壞人。(表示推測(cè)或懷疑)(3)may，might(2016年考)二者都可以表示“請(qǐng)求，許可”，might的語(yǔ)氣較為委婉。如：Youmay

go

home

if

you

finish

your

homework.如果你做完作業(yè)了，你就可以回家了。

May

I

use

yourpen？我可以用你的筆嗎？對(duì)may開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句進(jìn)行回答時(shí)，肯定回答用“Yes,

please.”或“Certainly/OK/Sure.”等；否定回答用“Please

don't.”或“No,you

mustn't./No,

you

can't.”。(4)have

to，must(2015年考)二者都是“必須”的意思，haveto表示客觀需要，must表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，即主觀上的必要。如：My

brotherwas

veryill,so

Ihadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。(客觀上需要做這件事)Hesaidthat

they

must

workhard.他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)注意：以must開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，否定回答用needn't或don'thave

to。如：—Must

I

go

there

with

you？我必須跟你去那兒?jiǎn)幔俊狽o,

you

needn't/don't

have

to.不，你不必/不一定。在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：not

have

to表示“不必”，mustn't表示

“禁止”。如：You

don't

have

to

tell

him

about

it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。

You

mustn't

tell

him

aboutit.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。(5)may，canmay和can都可以表示推測(cè)，can用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，

may用于肯定句和否定句。兩者都可用于否定句，但含義不同：can't是“不可能”，may

not意思是“可能不”。如：It

can't

be

true.這不可能是真的。

Itmaynotbetrue.這可能不是真的。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞記憶口訣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一要點(diǎn)，動(dòng)詞原形跟后面。

can“能夠”may“許可”，must“責(zé)任”或“義務(wù)”，否定回答needn't換；need“需要”，

should“應(yīng)該”，would“愿”，have

to“被迫”表客觀。(6)shall，should(2017年考)①shall用于第一人稱的疑問(wèn)句，征詢聽(tīng)話人的意見(jiàn)、看法或請(qǐng)求指示。如：ShallItakeyoutothehospital?

要不要我?guī)闳メt(yī)院？②shall用于第二、三人稱時(shí)，表允諾、警告、命令等。如：You

shall

do

as

Isay.

你應(yīng)該照我說(shuō)的做。③should用于表“義務(wù)，應(yīng)該”。如：We

should

help

the

poor.我們應(yīng)該幫助窮人。(7)need既是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，表示“必須，必要”。如：—She

needn't

go

there

right

now.她不需要現(xiàn)在去那兒?！狽eed

I

come？那需要我過(guò)去嗎？—Yes,

you

must.是的，你必須來(lái)。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，表示“需要，要求”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：need＋n./to

do

sth.。如：She

needs

somefood

and

drink.她需要一些食物和飲料。We

need

to

repair

the

road

in

two

weeks.我們要在兩周內(nèi)修好這條路。(8)had

betterhadbetter后接動(dòng)詞原形，表勸告、建議，意思是“最好做某事”。其否定形式是hadbetternotdo。如：You

had

better

stay

at

home.你最好待在家里。4．must,can,

may,could,

might表示推測(cè)的用法。(1)表推測(cè)的可能性的大小依次是：can't(不可能)→might→may(可能)→could→can(可能)(can用于疑問(wèn)句)→must(一定

是)。如：The

book

can't

be

Tom's.

Look! Lucy's

nameisonthecoverofthebook.這本書不可能是湯姆的。看！露西的名字在書的封面上。He

mayknow

theway

tothepost

office.I

amnot

sure.他可能知道去郵局的路，但我不確定。I

sawa

girl

with

long

hair

in

our

classroom.

Who

can

she

be？我看見(jiàn)教室里有個(gè)長(zhǎng)頭發(fā)女孩。她可能是誰(shuí)？Noonecan

answer

the

question. It

must

beverydifficult.沒(méi)有人能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。那一定很難。(2)“主語(yǔ)＋must,

can,

may,could,

might＋be

doing”指對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在做的事情進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。如：Theycan'tbecleaningtheroomnow.他們現(xiàn)在不可能在打掃房間。Hemust

be

sleeping.他現(xiàn)在肯定在睡覺(jué)。(3)主語(yǔ)＋must,

can,

may,could,

might＋have＋done則指對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行推測(cè)。如：Theroadiswet. Itmusthaverainedlastnight.地是濕的。昨天晚上肯定下雨了。There

isn't

any

waterontheroad. Itcan't/couldn't

haverainedlastnight.地面上一點(diǎn)兒水都沒(méi)有，昨天不可能下雨了。( )1.(2018廣東)—Yuan

Longping,

a

famous

Chinesescientist,isnowdoingresearchonsea

rice.—Iffarmers

startplantingriceinsaltywater,China'sfood

supply

will

surely

rise.A.can

B．can't

C．must

D．mustn't母題訓(xùn)練A( )2.(2017廣東)Tokeepchildrensafe，we

put

thethingslikeknivesandmedicineawayinourhouse.A.mayC．canB．shouldD．might母題訓(xùn)練B( )3.(2016廣東)—Mum，

I

visit

theModern

Art

Museum

next

Monday?—I'mafraidyoucan't.AllthemuseumsinthiscityareclosedonMonday.A.wouldC．shouldB．needD．may母題訓(xùn)練D

stop

our

car.A.can

B．can't

C．must

D．mustn't母題訓(xùn)練( )4.(2015廣東)Look!

The

traffic

light

has

turnedred.We( )5.(2014廣東)—

you

come

with

me

toLangLang'spianoconcertthisevening?—I'dloveto,butIhavetostudy

formymathtest.A.Should

B．May

C．Must

D．CanCD( )6.(2013廣東)—Someone

is

knocking

at

the

door.Is

itAnn?—It

be

her.She

is

giving

a

performance

at

the

theaternow.A.may

B．must

C．can't

D．mustn't母題訓(xùn)練C( )7.(2012廣東)—

Iswimhere?—I'msorry.Children

swimalonehere.Must;

can'tMay;

mustCan;

mustn'tCan't;

can母題訓(xùn)練C( )8.Milliespokeinalowvoice,butI

understandwhat

she

said.A.can

B．could

C．may

D．might( )9.Themanisfeelingmuchbetternow，soyou

call

a

doctor.A.needn't

B．can'tC．mustn'tD．shouldn't中考預(yù)測(cè)BA( )10.—Excuse

me,

sir,

visiting

hours

are

over.You

leave.—Pardonme,nurse.Ididn'thearthebell.A.mayC．mustB．canD．need中考預(yù)測(cè)C(

)11.—Excuse

me.

May

I

keepthe

book

a

little

longer?中考預(yù)測(cè)A—Sorry.You

returnittoday.A.must

B．mustn't

C．can

D．can't(

A

)12.—May

I

play

computer

games

now,

Mom?—No.You

finishyourhomeworkfirst.A.must

B．can

C．could

D．mayA.Can't;

mustC．May;

couldn'tB．Must;don't

have

toD．Couldn't;could中考預(yù)測(cè)( )13.Myuncle

comebackfromHongKongtoseeAmethisweekend,

buthehasn'tdecidedyet.A.may

B．can

C．would

D．must(

B

)14.—

Ifinishmyhomeworknow?—No,

you

.Your

work

is

over

today.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(★★★)?？紕?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)歸納：①look：look

for尋找

look

after照顧；看管look

around環(huán)顧四周

look

up查找(在字典或參考書中)；抬頭看look

at看…… look

like看起來(lái)像……look

through

瀏覽look

over仔細(xì)檢查look

down

upon看輕look

out

向外看(2017,2013年考)②turn：turn

on打開(kāi)(電器，水龍頭等)turn

off關(guān)上(電器，水龍頭等)turn

up開(kāi)大(音量，煤氣)turn

down關(guān)小(音量，煤氣)(2012年考)③fall：fall

off從……掉下來(lái)

fall

behind落后fall

over摔跤，跌倒在地④put：put

away收拾好，放好

put…down把……放下⑤thanks：thanksto多虧，由于

thanksfor為……感謝⑥send：send

for派人去請(qǐng)

send

away開(kāi)除，除名send

up發(fā)射

send

out發(fā)出put

on穿上

put

up舉起⑦h(yuǎn)ear：hear

of聽(tīng)說(shuō)⑧hurry：hurry

off匆忙離去⑨t(yī)ake：take

a

rest休息一會(huì)

take

away拿走h(yuǎn)ear

from收到某人來(lái)信

hurry

up趕快take

a

walk散步take

off脫掉，(飛機(jī))起飛take…to…把……拿到(帶到)……take

one's

time別著急⑩pay：payfor付錢

payback還債，償還pay

off付清，償清(債務(wù))talk：talk

about談?wù)摗?事)talk

with與某人交談

talk

over商量come：come

back回來(lái)

come

down下來(lái)come

from來(lái)自

come

in進(jìn)來(lái)

come

out出現(xiàn)get：get

back返回，取回

gethome到家get

into進(jìn)入……get

off下車geton上車get

on/along

with與某人相處get

ready

for為……準(zhǔn)備get

ready

to

do

sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事

getup起床go：goonwith繼續(xù)

go

on

doing

sth.繼續(xù)做

go

to

bed睡覺(jué)gotosleep入睡go

shopping(for

a

walk，to

thecinema，home)去買東西(散步，看電影，回家)gotoschool上學(xué)have：have

a

cold著涼，傷風(fēng)

have

a

good

time玩得高興have

a

look

at看一看

have

a

match比賽have

a

rest休息一會(huì)兒

have

a

talk談話have

to不得不

have

classes上課have

breakfast(lunch，supper)吃早飯(午飯，晚飯)wait：waiton服侍(某人) wait

for等待(某人)write：write

down寫下，記下

write

to給……寫信help：help

sb.withsth.在某方面幫助某人

help

sb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事want：wanttodosth.想做某事

wantsb.to

dosth.想要某人做某事agree：agree

withsb.同意某人的意見(jiàn)

agree

to

sth.同意某事（21）off：put

off推遲

fall

off跌落set

off動(dòng)身keep

off使……不接近(2016年考)（22）on：carry

on

繼續(xù)進(jìn)行l(wèi)ive

on

以……為食dependon取決于hold

on

堅(jiān)持，等一等(2015年考)（23）with：comeup

with想出，提出getalongwith

與……相處makefriendswith

和……交朋友keep

intouch

with

和……保持聯(lián)系(2014年考)(說(shuō)明：由于篇幅限制，本書列出的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有限，同學(xué)們要注意對(duì)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的積累，在平時(shí)練習(xí)中遇到自己還沒(méi)有掌握的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)要用筆記本摘抄下來(lái)，理解清楚其含義和用法。)母題訓(xùn)練(

A

)1.(2017廣東)If

you

want

toknow

moreaboutspace，please

the

book

A

Brief

History

of

Time.A.look

through B．look

aroundC．look

after D．look

down

upon母題訓(xùn)練(

C

)2.(2016

廣東)Martin

and

Susan

for

Shanghai

toattend

an

international

meeting

yesterday.A.putoff B．felloff C．set

off D．kept

off(

C

)3.(2015廣東)—Mum,shallwegotothebeachtomorrow?—It

theweather.A.carries

on B．lives

on C．depends

on D．holds

on母題訓(xùn)練(

D

)4.(2014廣東)—I

willmissmyfamilywhenIgoabroadfor

further

study

this

autumn.—Don'tworry.Youcan

thembyemail.e

up

with B．get

alongwithC．make

friends

with D．keep

intouchwithA.looked

overC．looked

forB．looked

afterD．looked

out母題訓(xùn)練(

A

)5.(2013廣東)Again

andagainthedoctor

thecrying

baby

girl，but

he

couldn't

find

out

what

was

wrong

withher.母題訓(xùn)練(

C

)6.(2012廣東)I

love

this

song

by

Lady

Gaga.Would

you

the

TV

abit,please?Ican'thearitclearly.

A.turn

on B．turn

off C．turn

up D．turn

down(

)7.(2011廣東)Smoking

is

badfor

your

health.You'dbetter

.A.set

it

up

B．give

it

upC．pickitupD．look

it

upB( )8.It

doesn't

need

to

be

true！You

can

a

story.A.set

up B．stay

up C．putup D．make

up中考預(yù)測(cè)D( )9.—Which

would

you

liketo

read,paper

booksor

ebooks?—Myparentsonlyallowmetoreadpaperbooks.

They

myeyes.A.talk

about

B．

hear

aboutC．

learnabout

D．

worryabout中考預(yù)測(cè)D( )10.The18thJiangsuProvincialGameswill

inSeptember.Many

students

want

to

be

volunteers.A.take

placeC．takeactionB．take

partD．take

care中考預(yù)測(cè)A( )11.If

you

have

lost

a

library

book,

you

have

to

it.A.find

out B．look

after C．payfor D．take

care(

)12.You

don't

have

to

everynewwordinthedictionary

while

reading.A.look

for B．look

upC．lookatD．lookafter中考預(yù)測(cè)CB(

)13.Would

you

please

theradioalittlebit?It'stoo

loud.A.turn

onC．turn

offB．turn

upD．turn

down中考預(yù)測(cè)D( )14.—Whydoyoucollectsomanyoldbikes?—I'llhavethem

andgiveawaytothechildrenwhodon'thavebikes.A.used

upC．fixed

upB．givenupD．set

up中考預(yù)測(cè)C動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析(★★★)1．carry，take，bring(1)take是指將某物或某人從這里“帶到”或“拿到”某處。

(2)bring與take相反，是指將某物或某人從別處“帶來(lái)”或“拿來(lái)”。(3)carry是指隨身攜帶(背著、扛著、提著、抱著)，不表明來(lái)去的方向。練習(xí)：①Could

you

take

ittotheclassroom?②May

Ibring

TomtoseeyounextMonday?③The

box

is

heavy.Can

you

carry

it?2．cross，acrosscross與across都表示“穿過(guò)；橫過(guò)”的意思。但是cross是及物動(dòng)詞，across是介詞，across的前面必須要有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。練習(xí)：①When

isitsafeto

cross

theroad?②Goacross

thebridge.You'llfindthemuseumontheleft.3．find,

look

for，find

outfind的意思是“找到”，look

for是“尋找”，findout是經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)查“發(fā)現(xiàn)、查明(真相)”。練習(xí)：①I

can't

find

thebroom.②He

is

looking

for

different

places.③Jane

was

angry

when

Lucyfound

out

hersecrets.4．forget,

leave，lose三個(gè)詞都有“忘，丟”的意思。其區(qū)別：forget常表示

“記不起，忘了要帶(買)”；leave表示“把某物忘(丟)在某地了”；lose表示“丟了，沒(méi)找到(或找不到)”。練習(xí)：①I

forget

hisname.②He

left

hisglovesonthetrain.③I've

lost

themoney.5．hear，listen

tohear與listen

to之間的區(qū)別，同see與look

at之間的區(qū)別非常相似。hear的意思是“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)；聽(tīng)到”，listen

to的意思是“傾聽(tīng)”(集中注意力去聽(tīng))。練習(xí)：①Weheard

somebodyknockingatthedoor.②Hewas

listening

to

the

music.6．hit，beathit和beat都有“打；擊”的含義，但beat主要表示“連續(xù)地打；毆打；打敗”，hit表示“有目標(biāo)地打；擊中”。練習(xí)：①The

rainis

beating

againstthewindows.②He

hit

herontheheadwithabottle.7．let，makemake是強(qiáng)制的，而let是非強(qiáng)制的。練習(xí)：①Hemade

hergo.他強(qiáng)迫她去。②He

let

hergo.他讓她去。8．lend,

borrow，keepborrow,lend,

keep都可以表示“借”的意思。

(1)borrow“借入”，向某人借某物用“borrow…from”。(2)lend“借出”，把某物借給某人用“l(fā)end…to”。

(3)borrow和lend都是短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示“借多久”要用keep。練習(xí)：①I

borrowed

a

bike

from

him.②Don't

lend

ittoothers.③—HowlongcanI

keep

thisbook？—You

can

keep

itfortwoweeks.9．look,see，watch從意義來(lái)分，look(at)是“看”，不表示看得見(jiàn)或看不見(jiàn)，see是“看見(jiàn)”，watch是“觀看；注視”。練習(xí)：①Look

atthepicture.②It

was

dark

in

the

room.We

could

see

nothing.③He

iswatching

TV.10．lose，misslose和miss都表示“失去”的意思。

(1)lose：“失去”“失掉”，含有失去而不可復(fù)得之意。

(2)miss：“失去”“遺失”，指在需要時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)或感覺(jué)不在。miss還常表示“錯(cuò)過(guò)”“想念”的意思。練習(xí)：①M(fèi)anypeople

lost

their

lives

in

the

trafficaccident.②When

did

youlose

yourwallet?③She missed

thefirstbus.11．reach，arrive，get

toreach，arrive和詞組getto都表示“到達(dá)”某處。但reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面要用介詞at或in放在表示地點(diǎn)的賓語(yǔ)之前(較大的城市或地區(qū)用in，較小的地方用at)。get

to多用于口語(yǔ)中。練習(xí)：①We

reached/got

to

thetopof

thehill

atlast.②They

arrived

inBeijinglastweek.③I

getto

schoolatabout7：30everyday.12．speak,

say,

talk，tellspeak，say和talk都含有“說(shuō)、講、說(shuō)話”的意思，但在用法上是有區(qū)別的。speak常常用來(lái)指人們對(duì)語(yǔ)言的掌握或使用，不強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容。say

一般用作及物動(dòng)詞，著重指說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容，而且后面常常帶有直接或間接引語(yǔ)。(3)talk

一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，著重指連續(xù)地說(shuō)話或與人交談。talk有時(shí)也可用作名詞，表示“講話；演講；報(bào)告”。(4)tell的意思是“告訴；講述；吩咐”。練習(xí)：①They

speak

EnglishandFrench.②Did

you

say

anything?③I

shall

talk

toyourfatheraboutyourhealth. ④TomorrowIwantyoutogiveusa

talk

，

Jim.⑤Don't

tell

me.Letmeguess.13．spend,

cost,take，pay表示“花費(fèi)金錢”，用cost和spend。cost指“某物值多少錢或某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢”；而spend指“某人花費(fèi)多少錢購(gòu)買某物”。表示“花費(fèi)時(shí)間”，用cost，spend或take都可以。cost和take指“某事花費(fèi)(某人)多少時(shí)間”；而spend則指“某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間做某事”。(3)pay作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意思是“付款”或“支付”，可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。練習(xí)：①This

dictionary

costs

methirtyyuan.②Myteacher spends

a

lotof

money

onbooks.③Writing

books

costs/takes

agreatdealoftime.④It

took

himfivemonthstogetanewcompanystarted.⑤She

spent

3years(in)writingthisnovel.⑥I'm

afraid

that

if

you've

lost

it,

you

must for

it.pay14．stop

to

do，stop

doing兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都表示“停止”的意思，但它們的含義截然不同。stoptodo表示“停下來(lái)去做……”(stop是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式作狀語(yǔ))。stopdoing表示“停止做”(stop是及物動(dòng)詞，ing動(dòng)詞是它的賓語(yǔ))。練習(xí)：①They

stopped

to

talk

with

theirteacher.②They

stopped

talkingwiththeirteacher.15．wear，put

onwear是“穿著；戴著”的意思，重點(diǎn)表示狀態(tài)。put

on是“穿上；戴上”的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。

練習(xí)：①Lucyiswearing

bluetrousersandablouse.②Don't

be

late，oh，and

put

on

youroldclothes.16．wish,

hope，expect(1)wish表示說(shuō)話人不考慮是否可能實(shí)現(xiàn)祝愿，沒(méi)有可能性的愿望也用wish。(2)hope則表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

(3)expect只表示認(rèn)為某事會(huì)發(fā)生或有可能發(fā)生。練習(xí)：①I

wish

Icould e

French

tomorrow.②I

hope

youcanhelpme.③Iexpect

thathe'llpasstheexam.17．used

to

do,

be

used

to

doing，be

used

to

doused

todo意為“過(guò)去常常做某事”。be

used

to

doing意為“習(xí)慣做某事”，其中的to是介詞，故其后要接v.ing形式。be

used

to

do意為“被用來(lái)做某事”，其中的to

do是不定式，用來(lái)表目的。練習(xí)：①Theboyusedto

be

short,butnowheisverytall.②Tim

is

used

tohaving

a

cup

of

coffee

in

the

morning.③Knives

areused

to

cut

things.18．think

of,

think

about，