2023年高一暑假英語閱讀理解題材類天天練 說明文（含解析）

第第頁2023年高一暑假英語閱讀理解題材類天天練說明文(（含解析）2023年高一暑假閱讀理解題材類專練:說明文

（共4題）

一、閱讀理解題（共4題）

Wedon'tknowwhenandwherethenextearthquakewillhit.Butwedoknowtheimportanceofsafetyandpreparation.Theonlywaytobereadyfortheunexpectedistoprepareaheadoftime.It'sespeciallyimportantifyouliveinearthquakezones.SoherearesomeimportantstepstobuildyourownEarthquakeActionPlan.

1.Talktoyourfriendsandfamiliesanddecideonaplacetomeetifyou'reseparatedafteranearthquake.

2.Makeanemergency(緊急情況)communicationplanincasecelltowersorphonelinesaredown.Youcanalsoaskrelativesorfriendsoutsideyourareatobeyourcontacts.(聯(lián)系人)

3.Locateasafeplaceineveryroomofyourhouseanddiscusswithyourfamiliesthesafestplacestobeduringanearthquake.Remember,ifyou're:

a.Inside,getundersomethingheavylikeastudytableoragainstaninsidewallandcoveryourhead.

b.Outside,stayawayfrombuildingsandgetoutintotheopen.

c.Inyourcar,stopandstayinyourseat.Ifyou'restoppednearabuildingorunderanoverpass(天橋),trytosafelymoveawayfromit.

4.Storefirst-aidkits(急救箱)anywhereyouspendalotoftime(house,car,workplace,etc.).

5.Packplentyofbatteries,flashlights,andbottlesofwatertoprepareforpoweroutagesandwatershortages.

6.Reviewyourhome'simportantsystems(electrical,gas,water,etc.)andknowhowtooperatethemorshutthemoffinanemergency.

Althoughthey'resomewhatunusual,earthquakesareincrediblyterribleoverwhelming,andunpredictableforcesofnature.Butwithsomeknowledgeandpreparation,wecanmitigaterisksanddothebestwecantokeepourselvesandourfamiliessafe.

(1)Para.1mainlyshowsit'sveryimportantto_____.

A．knowtheuseofanEarthquakeActionPlan

B．knowwhenanearthquakewillcome

C．stayawayfromearthquakezones

D．prepareforanearthquake

(2)First-aidkitsshouldbekeptinplaces_____.

A．thatareverysafe

B．whereyouareoftenstay

C．thatareundersomethingheavy

D．thatyourfriendsandfamiliesknow

(3)AnearthquakeActionPlanincludesthefollowingEXCEPT_____

A．decidingwheretomeetwithothersafteranearthquake.

B．makingsurethatyouhavecontactsoutyourarea.

C．practicinghowtoescapewithyourfamilies.

D．findingsafeplacesinyourhouse.

(4)Whatcanbesttaketheplaceoftheunderlinedword"mitigate"

A．lowerB．a(chǎn)voidC．stopD．treat

Wedonotusuallythinkabouthowourlanguageworks.Talkingissuchanatural,everydayactivitythatwedonotoftenstoptothinkhowitactuallyworks.Whenwedostudyourlanguage,though,weareoftensurprisedthatweareabletounderstandourconversations.Wordscanmeansomanydifferentthings.However,itturnsoutthatthespeakingsituationhelpalotmakinglanguage.

First,thespeakingsituationhelpsmakewordsmoreparticular.Forexample,theword"dog"candescribeadogthataspeakersawinadream.Itcanalsobeusedtodiscussaneighbor'sdog.Nolanguagehasaseparatewordfortheidea"dogthatIsawyesterday"andanotherwordfortheidea"dogthatIsawinadream".Thisisbecausethespeakingsituationmakesitclearwhatspeakersmeanwhentheyusewords.So,whenyouhaveaconversationwithyourneighborwhattheword"dog"probablymeansinthatsituation.

Thespeakingsituationalsohelpsmakelanguageclearer.Forexample,theword"bank"hastwopossiblemeanings.Itcanmean"aplacewherepeoplekeepmoney",butitcanalsomean"thesideofariver".Sothesentence"Iwenttothebank"isnotclear.ItcouldmeanIwenttothesideoftheriveroritcouldmeanIwenttotheplacewheremymoneyiskept.However,ifthespeakeristalkingaboutfishingorgoingtothemountains,othersprobablyknowthat"bank"means"thesideofariver".

Thethingsthatspeakerssaymaynotalwaysbeclear.Sometimesthewordsarenotveryparticular,butthesituationcanprovidethemeaning.Othertimeswordsmayhavemanymeanings.Thenthespeakingsituationlimits(限制)therightmeaning.Thisextraknowledgefromthesituationisveryimportanttounderstandlanguage.

(1)Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

A．thebesttimeandplacetotalkothers.

B．howthespeakingsituationhelpslanguagework.

C．whattosayindifficultsituations.

D．howorlanguageworks.

(2)Byusingtheexampleoftheword"dog",theauthorwantstoshowthat_____.

A．a(chǎn)wordmayneedtobeexplainedinaconversation

B．a(chǎn)wordhasonlyonemeaning

C．thespeakingsituationhelpspeopleunderstandtheparticularmeaningofaword

D．themeaningofwordsisnotparticular

(3)Whatdoestheword"bank"meanifaspeakeristalkingaboutmoney

A．Thesideofariverwithmanypeoplefishing.

B．Asupermarkettobuyallkindsofgoods.

C．Amountainforhunting.

D．Aplacewheremoneyiskept.

Perfectionism(完美主義)isatraitthatisassociatedwithpeoplewhoholdthemselvesuptoharshstandards..Thistraitoftenshowsupinindividualswhoarehighlysensitive,people-pleasingandcontrol-seeking.Thismentalitydrivesustowardmade-uprulesthatwehopewillgiveuscontrolandmakeusfeel"goodenough".,keepingustrappedinthechaseforthenexthitofapproval.Then,assoonasit’sachieved,themindsays,"Okay,howwillyougetmorethough"Forexample,youloseafewpoundsandyourbraingetsexcited,thenafewminuteslaterithasyouwonderinghowyouwillkeeplosingweight.Oryougetapromotionatworkandyourbrainsays,"Okay,whatnext"It’sneverenough.Wenevertrulyland..

Ifyou'veeverspenttimewithsomeonewhofocusedonachievingperfection,theymayhavemadeyoufeellikeyouweren'tgoodenoughorcompetitiveenough.Ormaybeyoujustcouldn'tconnect.That'sbecauseflaws(缺點(diǎn))andmistakesareuniversalpartsofthehumanexperience..

(1)()

A．Butthereisalsoadarksidetoperfectionism

B．Sowejustkeepchasingandchasing,neverfeelingfullysatisfied

C．Unfortunately,thatpursuitofcontrolcanultimately(最終)turnaroundandcontrolus

D．Forsomethatmightbehavingaflawlessbody(完美體型)orperfectgrades

E．Thistypeofthinkingcanleadpeopletoputtinginlesseffort

F．Beingalivemeanstherewillalwaysbetimeswhenyoufeelmessy(棘手的)andimperfect

(2)()

A．Butthereisalsoadarksidetoperfectionism

B．Sowejustkeepchasingandchasing,neverfeelingfullysatisfied

C．Unfortunately,thatpursuitofcontrolcanultimately(最終)turnaroundandcontrolus

D．Forsomethatmightbehavingaflawlessbody(完美體型)orperfectgrades

E．Thistypeofthinkingcanleadpeopletoputtinginlesseffort

F．Beingalivemeanstherewillalwaysbetimeswhenyoufeelmessy(棘手的)andimperfect

(3)()

A．Butthereisalsoadarksidetoperfectionism

B．Sowejustkeepchasingandchasing,neverfeelingfullysatisfied

C．Unfortunately,thatpursuitofcontrolcanultimately(最終)turnaroundandcontrolus

D．Forsomethatmightbehavingaflawlessbody(完美體型)orperfectgrades

E．Thistypeofthinkingcanleadpeopletoputtinginlesseffort

F．Beingalivemeanstherewillalwaysbetimeswhenyoufeelmessy(棘手的)andimperfect

(4)()

A．Butthereisalsoadarksidetoperfectionism

B．Sowejustkeepchasingandchasing,neverfeelingfullysatisfied

C．Unfortunately,thatpursuitofcontrolcanultimately(最終)turnaroundandcontrolus

D．Forsomethatmightbehavingaflawlessbody(完美體型)orperfectgrades

E．Thistypeofthinkingcanleadpeopletoputtinginlesseffort

F．Beingalivemeanstherewillalwaysbetimeswhenyoufeelmessy(棘手的)andimperfect

TheurgencyandimportanceofCovid-19overthepastyearhavedrivenalmosteverythingelsefrommostleaders'minds.Butsincethevaccineiskickingin,Britain'sgovernmentisonceagainbeginningtothinkaboutthethingsthatwillmatterlater.Nextweek,itisexpectedtopublisha"planforgrowth"toboostproductivity,withinnovationatitscenter.

Theworldmaybeonthepointofatechnologicalboomwithlifesciences,atwhichBritainexcels.Innovationiscrucialtoproductivity,butonthisfrontBritain'sperformancehaslaggedbehinditscompetitors'inrecentyears.ItslowspendingonResearchandDevelopment(R&D)arguesforaboost.Thosewhoattributedthefinancialfailureinthe1970stotheinsufficiencyofresearchfundsmayregardthisasathreattoeconomicgrowth.Promotinginnovationcanquicklyturnintoanexerciseinpickingwinners—or,asismoreoftenthecase,losers.

Aseconddangeristhatpolicyagendasgetmixedup.Thegovernmenthaspromisedto"levelup"poorerareasofthecountry,sodeprivedtownsarecampaigningformoremoneyfortheiruniversities.Buttryingtoboostinnovationbysendingmoneytoweakinstitutionsislikelytomakeourleadinguniversitieslosetheiradvantages,thusproducingaverageideasthatcouldhavebeenremarkable.Britain'sresearch-fundingsystemhasalwaysbeenelitist(精英主義的).Itshouldstaythatway.

Thegovernment'sfirstmoveinboostinginnovationwastheannouncementofaplanforanAdvancedResearchandInventionAgency(ARIA).ARIA'spurposeistofundhigh-risk,high-rewardresearch.Butmoneyisnotallthatmatters.Thesuccessfultranslationoflifescienceresearchintotreatmentsduringthepandemicsuggestssomeinexpensivemeasuresthatcanalsomakeadifference.

Oneistospeedupgovernmentalprocesses.TherapiditywithwhichBritain'smedicalregulatormovedduringthepandemicisonereasonwhythevaccinerolloutisracingthroughthepopulation.Urgencyisnotuniquetopandemics.Gettingthingsdonequicklycanmakeaninvestmentworthwhileanddeterminewhereabusinessmanchoosesasabase.

Anotherusefulmeasurethegovernmentshoulduseisitsuniqueabilitytoovercomebarriers.Atthebeginningofthepandemic,Covid-19researcherswereunabletogainaccesstodifferentstrandsofhealthservicedata.ThegovernmenteasedrestrictionsonexistingdataandallowedresearcherstoaskpeoplewhohadtestedpositiveforCovid-19tojointrials.Bothwerecrucialtotheeffort.

Alastprincipleisthevalueofconnectionsbetweenthegovernmentandtheprivatesector.KateBingham,aventurecapitalistwholedthevaccine-purchaseeffort,understoodhowtodealwithdrugcompanies.Manyofthecivilservantsworkingwithherhadcommercialexperience.Thegovernment'sclosenesstobusinessduringthepandemichasbeencriticized.Butwithoutit,thevaccineeffortwouldnothavesucceeded.

Innovationtookhumanbeingsfromcavestocomputers.Goodeducation,awelcomingimmigrationpolicyandafriendlybusinessenvironmentwilldomosttotendit.Butafewsensibleprinciplescanhelpkeeptheflameburning.

(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inParagraph2referto

A．Applyingscienceresultstopracticaluses.

B．Promotinginnovationintechnology.

C．Investinginsufficientmoneyininnovation.

D．Distributingfundstoweakinstitutions.

(2)What'sthepossibleconsequenceoftheBritishgovernment'sattemptto"levelup"poorerareas

A．Theoutstandinguniversitieswillbeunabletopresentgreatideas.

B．Weakinstitutionsaremorelikelytoproducegoodresults.

C．Britain'sresearch-fundingsystemwillremainelitist.

D．Bothpoorandrichareasinthecountrywilldevelopinabalancedway.

(3)Whatcanbeinferredfromthethreeprinciplesputforwardbythewriter

A．Theadministrativeabilitiesaresouniquetothegovernmentthattheyactuallyproducelittlefruit.

B．Abusinessmanismorewillingtosetupbusinesswheregovernmentsshowhighefficiency.

C．Thegovernmentstoppedthecooperationwithprivatesectorsforthecriticismtheyhadreceived.

D．Therollout(實(shí)施)ofthevaccinewasmadepossiblemainlybecausethepublicrespondedquickly.

(4)What'sthebesttitleofthepassage

A．WhatPeopleGainwiththeLightofTechnology

B．WhytheBritsStruggleintheTechRace

C．HowGovernmentsBenefitfromInnovation

D．HowGovernmentsFueltheSparksofInnovation

答案

一、閱讀理解題（共4題）

1.【答