2023年考研考博考博英語北京大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫帶答案

2023年考研考博考博英語北京大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Nobodyknowswhattriggeredtheevent,which______amillioncubicmetersofwaterpersecond,obliteratingthebarrierbetweenBritainandFrance.問題1選項A.releasedB.relievedC.restoredD.retained2.單選題We（）admirehiscourageandself-confidence.問題1選項A.canbutB.cannotonlyC.cannotbutD.canonlybut3.單選題（）2.6millionpeoplestartingdietsonNewYear’sDay,researchsuggeststhatbytheendoftheweek92percentofdietersgaveup，shunningexerciseandgorgingoncomfortfood.問題1選項A.InspiteB.AlthoughC.WhileD.Despite4.單選題______，theshortisinsomewaysnotreallynew.問題1選項A.LikemanyanothernewthingsB.LikemuchothernewthingsC.LikemanyothernewthingsD.Likemanyanothernewthing5.單選題Long-termexposuretomassmediaportrayalsofviolencemightmaketheaudienceinsensitiveor_____torealactsofviolence.問題1選項A.emotionallyneutralB.neutrallyemotionalC.emotionallymutualD.mutuallyemotional6.單選題IfyouhappenedtobewatchingNBConthefirstSundaymorninginAugustlastsummer,youwouldhaveseensomethingcurious.There,onthesetofMeetthePress,thehost,DavidGregory,wasinterviewingaguestwhomadeaforcefulcasethattheU.S.economyhadbecome“verydistorted”.Inthewakeoftherecession,thisguestexplained,high-incomeindividuals,largebanks,andmajorcorporationshadexperienceda“significantrecovery”；therestoftheeconomy,bycontrast—includingsmallbusinessesand“averysignificantamountofthelaborforce”一wasstuckandstillstruggling.Whatwewereseeing,heargued,wasnotasingleeconomyatall,butrather“fundamentallytwoseparatetypesofeconomy，”increasinglydistinctanddivergent.Thisdiagnosis,thoughalarming,washardlyunique:drawingattentiontothedividebetweenthewealthyandeveryoneelsehaslongbeenstandardfareontheleft.(Theideaof“twoAmericas”wasacentralthemeofJohnEdwards’s2004and2008presidentialruns.)Whatmadetheargumentstrikinginthisinstancewasthatitwasbeingofferedbynoneotherthantheformerfive-termFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspan:iconiclibertarian,preeminentdefenderofthefreemarket,and(atleastuntilrecently)thenation’sforemostdevoteeofAynRand.Whenthehighpriestofcapitalismhimselfisdeclaringthegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.Thiswideninggapbetweentherichandnon-richhasbeenevidentforyears.Ina2005reporttoinvestors,forinstance,threeanalystsatCitigroupadvisedthat“theWorldisdividingintotwoblocs—thePlutonomyandtherest”.Inaplutonomythereisnosuchanimalas“theU.S.consumer”or“theUKconsumer”，orindeed“theRussianconsumer”.Therearerichconsumers,fewinnumber,butdisproportionateinthegiganticsliceofincomeandconsumptiontheytake.Therearetherest,the“non-rich”，themultitudinousmany,butonlyaccountingforsurprisinglysmallbitesofthenationalpie.Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy—Google,Amazon,theiPhonebroadlyimprovedthelivesofmiddle-classconsumers,evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy.Andtheless-wondrousinventions—particularlytheexplosionofsubprimecredit—helpedmasktheriseofincomeinequalityformanyofthosewhoseearningswerestagnant.Butthefinancialcrisisanditslong,dismalaftermathhavechangedallthat.Amulti-billion-dollarbailoutandWallStreet’sswift,subsequentreinstatementofgargantuanbonuseshaveinspiredanarrativeofparasiticbankersandotherelitesriggingthegamefortheirownbenefit.Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.1.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.economy（）2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoday’ssuper-elitewouldthepassagesupport?3.Whatcanbesaidofmoderntechnologicalinnovations?4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatthefinancialcrisisanditsaftermath（）5.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）問題1選項A.faresquitewellB.hascompletelyrecoveredfromtheeconomicrecessionC.hasitsownproblemsD.islaggingbehindotherindustrialeconomies問題2選項A.Today’splutocratsarethehereditaryelite.B.Today’ssuper-richareincreasinglyanationuntothemselves.C.Theyarethedeservingwinnersofatougheconomiccompetition.D.Theyareworriedaboutthesocialandpoliticalconsequencesofrisingincomeinequality.問題3選項A.Theyhaveliftedmanypeopleintothemiddleclass.B.Theyhavenarrowedthegapbetweentherichandthenon-rich.C.Theyhaveledtoariseofincomeinequality.D.Theyhavebenefitedthegeneralpublic.問題4選項A.havecompromisedtherichwiththenon-richB.haveenrichedtheplutocraticeliteC.haveputAmericansonthealertfortoomuchpowertherichpossessD.haveenlargedthegapbetweentherichandnon-rich問題5選項A.presentthefinancialimbalanceintheU.S.B.displaysympathyfortheworkingclassC.criticizethesuper-eliteoftheUnitedStatesD.appreciatethemeritsofthesuperrichintheU.S.7.單選題Somemightconsideritanuglytruththatattractivepeopleareoftenmoresuccessfulthanthose________blessedwithlooks.問題1選項A.lessB.moreC.mostD.least8.單選題2009wastheworstyearfortherecordlabelsinadecade.（1）was2008,andbeforethat2007and2006.Infact,industryrevenueshavebeen（2）forthepast10years.Digitalsalesaregrowing,butnotasfastastraditionalsalesarefalling.Maybethat’sbecauseillegaldownloadsaresoeasy.Peoplehavebeen（3）intellectualpropertyforcenturies,butitusedtobeatime-consumingwaytogeneratemarkedly（4）copies.Thesedays,high-qualitycopiesare（5

）.AccordingtothePewInternetproject,peopleusefile-sharingsoftwaremoreoftenthantheydoiTunesandotherlegalshops.I’dliketobelieve,asmanyofmyfriendsseemto,thatthispracticewon’tdomuchharm.ButevenasI’veheardoverthepastdecadethatthingsweren’t（6）bad，thatthemusicindustrywasmovingtoanew,betterbusinessmodel,eachyear’snumbershavebeenworse.Maybeit’stimetoadmitthatwemayneverfindawayto（7）consumerswhowantfreeentertainmentwithcreatorswhowanttogetpaid.（8）8onthisproblem,thecomputationalneuroscientistAndersSandbergrecentlynotedthatalthoughwehavestronginstinctivefeelingsaboutownership,intellectualpropertydoesn’talways（9）thatframework.Theharmdonebyindividualactsofpiracyistoosmallandtooabstract.“Thenatureofintellectualproperty，”hewrote，“makesithardtomaintainthesocialandempathic（10）thatkeep(s)usfromtakingeachother’sthings.”問題1選項A.AsB.SameC.ThusD.So問題2選項A.stagnatingB.decliningC.increasingD.stultifying問題3選項A.takingB.robbingC.stealingD.pirating問題4選項A.upgradedB.inferiorC.ineffectiveD.preferable問題5選項A.numerousB.ubiquitousC.accessibleD.effortless問題6選項A.soB.thisC.thatD.much問題7選項A.satisfyB.helpC.reconcileD.equate問題8選項A.BasedB.CapitalizingC.ReflectingD.Drawing問題9選項A.matchupwithB.fillinC.fitintoD.setup問題10選項A.constraintsB.consciousnessC.normD.etiquette9.單選題A（）,hewasprobablyoneofthemostrealisticwritersofhisday.問題1選項A.self-confessingromanticB.self-confessedromanceC.self-confessingromanceD.self-confessedromantic10.單選題Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoice.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrawacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.1.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause（）.2.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause______.3.AccordingtoFriesandCrapo,soundhealthchoiceshouldbebasedon______.問題1選項A.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansocietyB.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledgeC.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnessesD.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth問題2選項A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficientB.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisionsC.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriendsD.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflife問題3選項A.personaldecisionsB.society'slawsC.friends'opinionsD.statisticalevidence11.單選題Somereaders,especiallychildren,findhisworksamongthemost（）bookstheyeverread.問題1選項A.captivatingB.captivatedC.capturableD.captious12.單選題Forgatheringdataaboutindividualsorgroupsatdifferentdevelopmentallevels,researcherscanusetworelatedresearchdesigns:longitudinalandcross-sectional.Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades.AnexampleofsuchastudyistheBerkeleyGrowthStudybegunin1928byNancyBayley.Thestudyfocusedonagroupof74white,middleclassnewborns.Astheygrewolder,extensivemeasuresoftheirintellectual,personality,andmotordevelopmentwererecorded.Thesubjectswerestudiedformorethanthirtyyears.Thelongitudinalresearchdesignisapowerfultechniqueforseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.Also,differencesinorstabilityofbehaviorsorcharacteristicsatdifferentagescanbedetermined.Longitudinalstudies,however,areexpensivetoconduct,time-consuming,andheavilycontingent

onthepatienceandpersistenceoftheresearchers.Thefindingsofalongitudinalstudymaybejeopardizedbyrelocationofsubjectstoanotherpartofthecountryandbyboredomorirritationatrepeatedtesting.Anotherdisadvantageisthatsocietychangesfromonetimetoanotherandthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudyreflecttosomedegreesuchchanges.Themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother.Ifproperlyconducted,however,longitudinalstudiescanproduceuseful,directinformationaboutdevelopment.Across-sectionalstudyisoneinwhichsubjectsofdifferingagesareselectedandcomparedonaspecificbehaviororcharacteristic.Theyarealikewithrespecttosocioeconomicstatus,sex,oreducationallevel.Forexample,aresearchermaybeinterestedinlookingatchangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.Threegroupsofsubjects,agesten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested.Conclusionsaredrawnfromthetestdata.Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming.Themajordisadvantageisthatdifferentindividualswhomakeupthestudysamplehavenotbeenobservedovertime.Noinformationaboutpastinfluencesondevelopmentoraboutage-relatedchangesissecured.Likelongitudinalstudies,thecross-sectionalmethodscannoterasethegenerationalinfluencethatexistswhensubjectsstudiedarebornatdifferenttime.Psychologistsarenowbeginningtouseanapproachthatcombineslongitudinalandcross-sectionalresearchmethods.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthedisadvantagesofalongitudinalresearch?2.Theword"contingent"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans______.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?4.Oneofthedifferencesbetweencross-sectionalresearchandlongitudinalresearchisthat______.問題1選項A.Thesubjectsmaybecomeirritatedatrepeatedtesting.B.Theparticipantsinthestudymaynotstayinoneplaceformanyyears.C.Thebehaviorofasubjectinthestudymaybemeasuredcontinuouslyformanyyears.D.Socialchangesmaybereflectedinthebehaviorsofthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudy.問題2選項A.dependentB.consecutiveC.determinedD.continual問題3選項A.Thesubjectsinacross-sectionalresearcharenotofthesameagegroup.B.Themethodsofstudyinlongitudinalresearchwillnotchangeovertime.C.Longitudinalresearchisreliableonlyinseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.D.Cross-sectionalmethodsarenotusuallyadoptedinstudying,forexample,thechangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.問題4選項A.thelatterusuallyfocusesononlyonesubject,whiletheformerinvolvesgroupsofsubjectsB.theformercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchangesC.thelattercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchangesD.theformercostslessmoneyandtakeslesstime13.單選題UndertheBushadministrationAmericahasgonefromapolicyof“dualcontainment”ofIranandIraqtooneapproachingdualfailure.ItremovedtheironruleofSaddamHussein,butcreatedananarchicvoidinIraqintowhichIranhasextendeditsinfluence.ExhaustedbytheinsurgencyinIraq,AmericanowstruggletodealwiththemoreacutethreatofweaponsofmassdestructionposedbyIran’snuclearprogramme.America’sAraballiesmaybeterrifiedbythestrengtheningofIran，buttheyareevenmoreterrifiedbytheprospectofAmericanmilitaryactiontodestroyIran’snuclearfacilities.InEuropethereisadegreeofacceptancethat,soonerorlater,theworldmayhavetodealwithanuclear-armedIran.SomeintheBushadministrationthough,regardthatprospectasevenmorehorrendousthantheconsequencesofattackingIran,whichmayincludemoreinstabilityinIraqandelsewhere,moreterrorismandthedisruptionofoilfromthePersianGulf.Thereisnocertainly,moreover,abouthowfarmilitarystrikescansetbackthenuclearprogramme,ifatall.GeorgeBushhasrepeatedlysaidthat“allopinions”remainonhistable,bywhichhemeanstheuseofmilitaryforce.Buttheoneoptionhehasseemedlesskeenonistheidea,advocatedbymanyofseekinga“grandbargain”withIranonawholerangeofdisputes,fromthenuclearquestiontopeacewithIsrael.WhenAmericawasstrong,itfeltitdidnotneedtodealwithIran.Nowitisworriedbytheprospectoflookingweak.Nevertheless,therehasbeenarealchangeofpolicysincethedayswhenMr.BushsaidIranwaspartofthe“axisofevil”.HisadministrationhasofferedtojoinnucleartalksifIransuspendsuraniumenrichment.RayTakeyh,anexpertonIran,arguesinthelatestissueofForeignAffairssays:bettertodealwiththepragmatists,andstrengthenthem,ratherthangivefreereintotheradicals.Hemayormaynotberight.1.Accordingtothepassage,Americafailedto(

).2.Thephrase“thatprospect”(Line2,Para3)refersto

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.3.

RayTakeyhurgedtheAmericagovernmentto(

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.問題1選項A.containeitherIranofIraqB.extenditsinfluenceinIranC.createdananarchicvoidinIraqD.removetheruleofSaddamHussein問題2選項A.AmericanmilitaryactiononIranB.setbackinIran’snuclearprogramC.anIranarmedwithnuclearweaponsD.America’sthreatinIran’sweapons問題3選項A.stopseeingIranaspartof“theaxisofevil”B.holdnucleartalkswithIranwithnoconditionsC.suspendtheuraniumenrichmentprograminIranD.adoptapragmaticratherradicalapproachtoIran14.單選題Onlywhenfacedwithoverwhelmingevidenceofbeingtreateddifferentlythanthemenwhosurroundedme（），briefly,withthenotionthatIwasdifferentingender-relatedwaysfrommymalecolleagues.問題1選項A.thatIdealtB.IdealtC.thenIdealtD.didIdeal15.單選題Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”？2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”？4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?問題1選項A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.D.Tosleepmodestly.問題2選項A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.問題3選項A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.問題4選項A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.問題5選項A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.C.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,thebrainandthebody,andmemory.D.Highbloodpressure,aweakenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.16.單選題Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,theydidnot()closeexamination.問題1選項A.putupwithB.keepupwithC.standuptoD.lookupto17.單選題ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive.ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?問題1選項A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.問題2選項A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.問題3選項A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.B.Thegovernmentshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.18.單選題Nearlyalltreeshaveseedsthatfalltotheearth,takeroot,andeventually().問題1選項A.generatenewseedsB.newseedsgeneratedC.generatesnewseedsD.newseedsaregenerated19.單選題Foranationofpetlovers,Britainconductsasurprisingnumberofexperimentsonanimalssome3mayear.Americaappearstousefeweranimals—just1.1mayear,accordingtoofficialstatistics—butthatisanillusion.UnlikeBritain'sgovernment,America'sdoesnotthinkratsandmiceworthcounting.JapanandChinahaveevenlesscomprehensivedatathanAmerica,andanimalsusedinresearchinthosetwocountriesarenotprotectedtothesameextentthattheyareintheWest.Evenso,academiccenterssupportingalternativestoanimaltestinghaveemergedinbothplacesinrecentyears.InJulyChinaissueditsfirstsetofguidelinesgoverningtheuseofanimalsinresearch.Inanidealworld,therewouldbenoanimaltesting.Itisexpensiveandcanbeofdubiousscientificvalue,sincedifferentspeciesoftenreactdifferentlytothesameprocedure.Thatiswhymanyresearchersareworkingonwaysofreducingthenumberofanimalexperimentsneededandofmakingthosethatstillhappenmoreeffective.However,thetransitionisprovingeasierforsometypesofexperimentthanforothers,asagroupofresearchersinthefielddiscussedatthesixthWorldCongressonAlternativesandAnimalUseintheLifeSciences,heldlastweekinTokyo.Themostimportantmessagefromthecongresswasthatthingsaregoingintherightdirection.Thenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentshasfallenbyhalfinthepast30years,atleastinthosecountriesthatrecordsuchthings.Therehasalsobeenashiftinthesortofanimalused.Mostofthoseemployedtodayarerodentsratherthandogs,cats,rabbitsandmonkeys.(Thatpublicopiniongenerallywelcomesthisis,however,agoodexampleof"cutist"prejudiceforonespeciesove