上海市浦東新區(qū)新川中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

上海市浦東新區(qū)新川中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考

試英語試題

學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________

一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文

Direction:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentan

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproper

formthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

CouponingforCharity

Feeding5,000peopleeverymonthisatallorder.ForLaurenPuryear—singlemother,

full-timementalhealththerapist,andfounderofthenonprofitFortheLoveofOthers—the

secretingredientiscoupons.Lotsandlotsofcoupons(優(yōu)惠券).

Themealsthemselvesareoftenquiteimpressive.29-year-oldPuryearprides____1____

onpreparingandservingdishestothepoorandhomeless.Shefeedsthemseveralweekendsa

month,inanumberofcities.

Still,shemanagestodoitallfornothing,_____2_____themenudependsentirelyon

thatweek'sbargains."Thebestwaytoget_____3_____(low)costistomatchthecoupon

whentheitemisonsale.''sheexplains.Herbrillianttalentssavebetween$250and$1,000

pergrocerytrip.

Puryearinheritedherpassion____4____culinary(烹飪的)givingfromhergrandmother

MarisonSmith.WhenSmithsawbeggarsonthestreetsofPaterson,NewJersey,shewould

offertobuythemfoodinsteadofgivingthemmoney.

Puryeargotintotheactwhenshewasten.Iftherewereleftoversfromdinner,Smith

wouldputtheminacontainer,_____5_____(rely)onhergranddaughtertogivethemtothe

homelessmanonthestreet.

WhenPuryearfoundedhernonprofit,shechosethenameFortheLoveofOthersto

honorhergrandmother,whopassedawayin2012."Lovewasjustthecentralcoreofher

being,''Puryearsays.

Mrs.Smithwouldcertainlybeproudofhergranddaughter'seffortsandherimpact.At

onemealinBaltimore,threeboysasked___6___theycouldtakeextrasandwiches.''We'll

eatthistoday,butwe'llbehungrytomorrow,"onesaid.Puryearletthemtakefiveeach.The

boy's___7___(cry)motherthankedPuiyear,explaininghowsheusesherentirepaycheckfor

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thehotelroom____8____theylive.Theyneverknowwhatthey_____9_____(eat)dayto

day.

"Storieslikethat,that'swhywedowhatwedo,"Puryearsays."Somethingassimpleas

couponing,_____10_____takesacoupleofhoursoutofmyday,canhelpsomebodyeatfor

threeorfourdays-that'samazingtome."

二、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語補全短文

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Bachwordcanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A．stimulating

F.resolute

B．passionate

C．capacity

I.breeds

D．a(chǎn)ssociated

J.registers

E.deliberately

G.satisfying

H.sweat

K.subjected

Findyourhappyplace:Howtooutsmart(智勝)stressIfyourealltoofamiliarwiththe

physicalsenseofbeingstressed,itmaybetimetomakesomechanges.Overtime,thiscan

negativelyaffectyourbody,leadingtofatigueandheadaches.Hereareafewwaysthat

researchsuggestscanhelpyoukeepcalmandcarryon.

Workupa___11___.

Whenwe'restressed,thepartofourbrainthat___12___fearlightsuplikeafireworks

display.Regularexercisecanprovidea(n)____13____releaseforfrustrationandother

negativefeelings.

Itmayreducestresshormones,anditcantrigger(激發(fā)）yourbodytoreleasefeel-good

chemicalsthatcanhelpboostyourmood.

Bedecisive

Wefacedozensofchoiceseveryday,andeachoftheminvolvesour

mental____14____andrequiresustomakeadecision.Itturnsoutthatbeinggoodatmaking

decisionsmaybegoodforourhealtii.Researchshowsthatdecisivepeoplemayhavelower

levelsofthestresshormonecortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)thanpoordecision-makers.Wanttobemore

___15___?Simplifyyourdecisionsbyfocusingonfacts,soyouunderstandwhat'sreallyat

stake.Reframeproblemsasopportunities

Bottlingupyourfeelings___16___anxiety.

Thenexttimeyou'resweatingsomething,pauseandaskyourself:Whatarethe

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positives?

HowcanIlookatthisasa(n)____17____challengeratherthanaproblem?Changingthe

wayyoulodeatasituationcanhelpyourespondalessstressfulway.

Seeeveryglassasatleasthalffull

Areyouapessimist?.Chancesareyoucanchangeyouroutlookthroughyour

experiences.Thebeststrategyisto____18____avoidotherpessimists,andsurroundyourself

withoptimistswhosepositivevibesareinfectious.'Ifsalsoimportanttofeelasifyouhavea

purposeeveryday-whetherthatcomesfromyourwork,familyandfriendsoranactivity.

Havingsomethingthatyou're____19____about,andachievinggoals_____20_____withit,

canhelpmanypeoplehaveamoreoptimisticoutlook.

三、完形填空

Howtorecognizecyberattacks

Cyber-attacksmaysoundlikesomethingthathappensonlyinHollywoodmovies.You

____21____ateamoftalentedHackersgatheredaroundcomputermonitorstryingtobreak

intoasecurebankorgovernmentserver.Inreality,cyber-attacksaremuchlessexcitingbut

noless____22____.

A/An____23____attackinvolvesacyber-criminalsendingoutthousandsoroven

millionsoflinksandflies.Theyassumethatsomeonewill____24____fallfortheirtrapand

openaninfectedfileorpage.Somebodyalwaysdoes.Thebestwaytoprotectyourselfisto

learnhowto____25____cyber-attacksaswellashowtopreventthemfromhappeninginthe

firstplace.

Cyber-attackscanhappentoanybody.Itdoesn'tmatterwhoyouare;cybercriminalscan

targetyou.Whilemanyoftenthinkofhackingvictimsas____26____aboutdigitalsecurity

bestpractices,thisisn'talwaysthecase.Kickersaresmart.True,thereareplentyofapparent

scams(騙局)like'theNigerianPrice"emails.Butthereareasmanyattacksthatcanfool

eventheskillfulcomputer-users.

Nowadays,cyber-criminalscreatefakewebsitesandemailaddresses.Youmaythinkyou

areclickingalinktoDropbox(多寶箱)onlytodownloadmalwareontoyourcomputer,

____27____mayneverknowwhenyouhavevisitedthewrongsiteanddownloaded

a/an___28___file.So,it'suptoyoutobevigilant(警覺的)andprotectyourself.

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Soyouneedtoleantorecognizethesignsofcyber-attacks.First,recognize

____29____activityonyouraccountsordevices.______30______somethingsmaybe

obvioussuchasaccountpasswordchanges,othersaren'tsoeasytospot.Usually,hackers

insertpiecesofcodeintovalidfilesandprograms.Andthen,youmightreceiveafilefroma

trustedsenderwhosemailhasbeen_____31_____.Sometimes,thedataareevenreal,butthe

hackermayhaveinsertedafewlinesofcodethatcanalsoinfectyourcomputer.Youshould

takethetimetocheckyour"TaskManager"togetasenseofwhat______32______are

running.Checkanythingsuspiciousthat's_____33_____inthebackground.That'softenthe

signofmalware.

Otherthingsto______34______forinclude:randomdeviceorinternetslowdown;the

softwareyoudon'trecognize;inabilitytoaccessyouraccountorunscheduledshutdownsand

restarts.

Aswitheverything,______35______isthebestmedicine.So,insteadofwaitingfor

cyber-attackstohityou,recognizethesignstoprotectyourself.

21．A．gather

22．A．dangerous

B．picture

B．worried

B．typical

C．find

D．establish

D．helpless

D．specific

C．cautious

23．A．historic

24．A．halfway

25．A．predict

C．potential

C．periodically

C．warn

B．originally

B．limit

D．eventually

D．recognize

D．careless

D．a(chǎn)sif

26．A．fearless

B．soundless

C．clueless

C．but

27．A．inconclusionB．a(chǎn)nd

.

28．A．empty

B．supervised

B．suspicious

B．Since

B．a(chǎn)ssessed

B．files

B．chatting

B．watchout

C．tracked

C．specific

C．If

C．leaked

C．programs

C．hiding

C．markoff

C．solution

D．infected

D．frequent

D．When

29．A．powerful

30．A．While

31．A．guaranteed

32．A．mechanisms

33．A．a(chǎn)ttacking

34．A．sumup

D．composed

D．commands

D．running

D．turndown

35．A．strategy

B．practice

D．prevention

四、閱讀理解

試卷第4頁，共11頁

Whenten-year-oldReeseOsterberglostherFresnoCounty,California,hometooneof

thelargestwildfiresinstatehistoryearlylastfall,shehadaverypressingconcern:did

anyonegrabherbaseballcards?

Noonehad.Withahousefulofkidsanddogsandafarm'sworthofhorsestoevacuate,

thefamilyforgotthecardsduringthestress.Naturally,thediehard(頑固的)SanFrancisco

GiantsandLittleLeagueleftywithaswingassmoothasbutterwasupset.Whenshewatched

theGiantsonTV,shewouldlayouteachplayer'scardonthefloorinhiscorrespondingfield

position."Ilikebaseballcardsbecausetheyarepicturesofpeopledoinghappystuff—doing

whattheylove,andwhatIlove."saidReese.

Reese'slosstouchedtheheartsoftheFresnoCountyfiredepartment,whichpostedher

storyonitsFacebookpagewitharequesttohelpReeserestoreherbaseballcardcollection.

That,inturn,touchedtheheartofKevinAshford.

AshfordknewexactlywhereReesecouldfindreplacementcards:inhisgarage.Hehad

morethan25,000inhiscollection,withanexactvalueof35,000to50,000.Ashfordhadbeen

thinkingaboutsellingthemwhenhesawthefiredepartment'spost."Iwasn'treallydoing

anythingwiththem,"saidAshford,"IthoughtIcouldtakecareofthisproblemrather

quickly."

FirstvolunteerstransportedthecardsfromAshford'sgaragetotheirsandthensurprised

Reeseduringatourofthefirehouse.TowersofAshford'scardswerepiledinfrontofthefire

engine.AfterthankingAshford,Reesewasquicktosharethethousandsofbaseballcardsshe

receivedfromAshfordanddonorsaroundthecountrywithotherkidsaffectedbyCalifornia's

CreekFire.

She'sgottensomany,infact,thatshestartedCardsFromReese,anorganizationthat

collectscardsanddonatesthemtothoseinneed.ReeseisespeciallyhappytopartwithLos

AngelesDodgerscards.Assheexplainsit:"GoGiants!"

36．WhydidReeseloseherbaseballcards?

A．Shehadaverylargeconcern.

B．ThefamilyforgotwhereReeseputthecards.

C．Herhousewasburntbythedestructive.

D．Someonefromahousefulofkidstookawayhercards.

37．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"evacuate"inPara2mean?

A．flee

B．resettle

C．raise

D．withdraw

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38．AfterAshfordsawthepost,he__________.

A．wantedtosellthecardstothedepartment.

B．transportedthecardstothefirehouse

C．decidedtodonatehiscardstoReese

D．preparedtosellhiscardstoReeseInhishisgarage

39．Reeseestablished"CardsfromReese"inorderto___________.

A．Givecardstopeopleinneed

B．shareherpassionforbaseballwithothers

C．collectallhercardsforsomebenefits

D．gethelpfromtheFresnoCountyFiredepartment

IsaacNewtononaskateboard?

Doesmathsexplaineverything?

It'slongtimesincemostofuswereatschool,sittinginmathsclassandthinking:"When

amIevergoingtoneedthis?"Asadultsweknowthattheansweris"allthetime"--mathsis

everywhere,andnotjustintheplacesyou'dexpect.Thechallengeistohelpchildrenrealize

itsrelevancetotheireverydaylife.

AQUlLA'sRealWorldMathsIssue:

Theymaynotknowit,butevenskateboardersanddancersareusingmathsallthetime

andyourlocalskateparkisactuallyagreatplacetoputmathematicaltheory(think

calculus)intoaction!Inthisissue,childrencanreadaboutSirChristopherWren'splansfor

re-buildingLondon;tryAQUILA'stopologistgame;investigatesnowflakesnature'slittle

-

mathematicalmasterpieces,andlearnaboutartistL.SLowry'sideasonperspective.Plus:

findoutsomereallybadmathsthatendedupincatastropheanddiscoverwhybeinga

perfectionistisnotalwaysabadthing.

"Advanced&Philosophical,Curious&Puzzling"

RICHARDROBINSON,BRIGHTONSCIENCEFESTIVAL

40．Thepassageisintendedto_________.

A．explainsomemythsaboutIsaacNewton

B．a(chǎn)ttractparentsandchildrentosubscribetothemagazine

C．explainsomerealworldmathsissues

D．encouragestudentstoreadmorebooksonmaths

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41．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_________________.

A．Schoolsfailtohelpstudentsrealisemaths'relevancetodailylife.

B．Learningmathshelpspeoplebecomeperfectionists

C．AQUILAwaswell-receivedatBrightonScienceFestival

D．ParentscangiveAQUILAtotheirsixyearoldsasabirthdaygift.

42．WhichofthefollowingstatementaboutAQUILAMagazineistrue?

A．Itfoundsaspecialclubforthecuriouskids.

B．ItscontentexclusivelyfocusesonScience.

C．It'smorechallengingthantheschoolcurriculum.

D．Itstimulateschildren'scuriositytotestnewideas.

Weallknowthatthebluelightthatemitsfromoursmartphonesisn'tgoodforoureyes,

butanewstudyhasdiscoveredjusthowmuchdamageitcancause.Researcherssaythatthis

lightisabsorbedbyvitalmoleculesinourretina(視網(wǎng)膜)andtriggerstheproductionofa

toxicchemicalthatkillcells.

Thisdamagecanleadtolargeblindspotsinourvisionthatarethehallmarkofmacular

degeneration(黃斑變性),adiseasethatleadstoblindness.TheteamfromdieUniversityof

ToledoinOhiosaysitisurgingthepublicnottousephonesinthedarkbecausethiscan

dilate(放大)pupilsandleadtoevenmoreharmfulbluelightenteringoureyes.

Age-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD)istheleadingcauseofvisionlossforthose

aged50orolder,accordingtotheNationalEyeInstitute.Theconditionoccurswhenthe

macula,anovalareanearthecenterofAeretinathatallowsforsharpvision,becomes

damaged.

Suffererswillexperienceblurredvisionoreven'blindspots'intheircentralvisionthat

maygrowlargerastheretinadies.Treatmentsincludemedicationsthatstopnewblood

vesselsfromformingintheeyeaswellaslasertherapiesthatdestroyabnormalbloodvessels.

Forthisstudy,theteamdecidedtofocusonretinal,aformofvitaminAfoundintheretina

thatcovertslightintometabolicenergy.Photoreceptorcells(感光細胞)useretinaltocovert

lightintosignalsthataresenttothebrain.

"ThehumaneyereflectsUVlight(suchasfromthesun)verywellbutitallowsblue

lighttoenterandtheretinalcanabsorbbluelightverywell",leadauthorDrAjith

Kanmaratfme,anassistantprofessorintheUTdepartmentofchemistryandbiochemistry,

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toldDailyMailOnline

.

DrKarunarathnenotedthatbluelightaloneorretinalthathadn'tabsorbedbluelightdid

nothaveanyeffectonthecells.Headdedthattherewasnoactivitywhenretinalwasexposed

tootherlightcolorssuchasgreen,redoryellow.

Theteamdidfindamolecule,avitaminEderivative(衍生物)knownasalpha

tocopherol,thatcanstopthecellsfromdying.

"Whenyoudamagethephotoreceptorcells,they'redamagedforgood,sothevitamin

Ederivativecurrentlyjustreducesdamage,"saidDrKarunarathne."We'recurrently

screeningformoremoleculestoseeiftheycanstopthisdamagingreaction."

Heexplainedthataswegetolder,theabilitytopreventattacksfromretinalthathas

absorbedbluelightbecameweaker,whichleadstomaculardegeneration.

"Lookingatcellphonesinthedarkcanbeveryharmfulbecausethepupilsaredilatedso

morebluelightcangetinandcausedamage",hesaid.

43．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hallmark"inPara2mean?

A．method

B．symbol

C．idea

D．feature

44．Bluelightdamagesourvisionbecauseitcan________.

A．dilatepupilstocauseretinacellsdie

B．causelargeblindspotsrelatedtoblindness

C．produceachemicalthatdestroysbloodvessels

D．bereflectedbyimportantmoleculesinourretina

45．WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayDr.AjitiiKtrunarathneagreewith?

A．BluelightalonehasgreatInfluenceonthecell.

B．People'seyescanabsorbbothUVlightandbluelight.

C．AlphaTocopherolwillhelpphotoreceptorcellstorecover.

D．Theabilitytowithstandattacksfromretinalbecomesweakwhenwebecomeolder.

46．Whatismostlikelytobefurtherdiscussedifthearticlecontinues?

A．Somewaystoprotectourvision.

B．Thereasonsformaculardegeneration.

C．ThefunctionofthevitaminEderivative.

D．Howphotoreceptorcellsconvertlightintosignals.

試卷第8頁，共11頁

五、六選四

HowtoThinkLikeAUtopian(烏托邦人）

"It'simportantthatyouhavesomeideaofwhereyouwanttogo,somekindofdream,"

saysRutgerBregman,33,aDutchhistorianandauthorwhohaswrittenaboututopian

thinking.____47____.Throughouthistory,manysignificantmilestones--democracy,the

eliminationofslavery,equalrightsformenandwomen--beganasutopiandreams.

Toengageinutopianthinking,youcan'tjustfocusonthepresentThere'snothing

Inherent(內(nèi)在的)aboutourcurrentpolitical,economicandnodalrealities;peoplemadethese

systemsandcanmakethemanew.____48____Asensationalisticdailynewscyclecan

restrictyourabilitytoseetheworldasanythingbutdangerous,violentandmean.

Utopianismdoesn'trequireyoutobeoptimistic.InAct,thatkindof"don'tworry,

everythingwillworkout"viewcanleadtoself-content.____49____TobeUtopiantakes

grandambitiousthinking.Butwhenitcomestoimplementingtheseideasintopoliciesand

practice,Bregamsuggestsahumbleandcarefulapproach.

____50____"Dystopias(反面烏托邦的）tendtobemuchbetterentertainment,"

Bregmansays.Notice,though,ifthoseplotlinesstarterodingyourviewofhumannature.To

thinklikeautopian,ithelpstobelievethathumansarefundamentallydecent.Becautiousif

yourutopiasallinvolvetechnologicalfixesorescapistcoloniesonMars.Theworkof

imaginingfeaturesishard."Inthiseraofclimatebreakdownandtheextinctionofspecies,

it'sobviouslyeasiertothinkofhowitallcouldendthanhowitcouldbecomemuchbetter,"

Bregmansays..

A．Instead,behopefulinawaythatmovesyoutowardaction.

B．Italwaysstartswithpeoplewhoarefirstdismissedasunreasonableandunrealistic,"

Bregmansays.

C．Youcanbeautopianandstillenjoydystopianfictionalnarratives.

D．Excessivelyenthusiasticattachmenttoutopianblueprintscanbedangerous.

E．Don'tunderestimatethepowerofunusualIdeas.

F．Toenvisionsomethingnovel,readmorehistoryandlessnews.

六、概要寫作

51．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsof

試卷第9頁，共11頁

thepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordasfaraspossible.

CooperativelearningMayChangeYourMindaboutGroupWork

Twoheadsarebetterthanone.Itmeansthattwopeopleworkingtogetherhaveabetter

chanceofsolvingaproblemthanonepersonalone.Butnoteveryonelikesworkingwith

othersespeciallywhenthatmeansworkinginagroup.

Therecanbeanumberofreasonswhypeopledislikegroupwork.Somemayfeel

nervousoruneasyingroupsituations.Othersmighthavehadabadexperiencewith

individualswhodidnotworkwellasateam.Anothercriticismisthatteachersorsupervisors

failtoassignrolestogroupmembers.Thismaycreateasituationwhereeveryoneornoone

wantstolead.Whatevertheissue,theresultisthesame:thegroupdoesnotrealizeitsgoal.

Cooperativelearningisaneducationalmethodthatcanhelptosolvethisproblem.There

aremanymethodsofcooperativelearning.Oneofthemistoeachpers