高中英語Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaSectionⅠIntroductionReadingandVocabulary課時(shí)作業(yè)含解析外研版必修

/08/8/Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina課時(shí)作業(yè)13SectionⅠIntroduction,ReadingandVocabularyⅠ.單詞拼寫1．Itisalmostunnecessarytosaythatthegreatbooksarethemost________(有影響的)books.2．Oneofthe____________(原則)ofsolvingproblemsistobehonest.3．The____________(重要)ofwashingone'shandsisthatitpreventsinfection.4．Therearefortystudentsintheclass,__________(平等地)dividedbetweenboysandgirls.5．Iadmiredhimbecauseofhis________(善良)toothers.6．He________(強(qiáng)調(diào))theimportanceofprotectingwildlife.7．Hehasastrong________(信仰)thathecansucceedinthefuture.8．Wewillmakegreateffortstoimprovethe________(秩序)ofthetourismmarket.9．Hetoldmethathehadhadwordswiththemanagerandhadlosthis________(職位)．10．Afterthreeyearswithoutpromotion,hedecidedhe'dhadenoughand________(辭職)．答案2.principles3.importance2.principles3.importance4.equally5．kindness6.stressed7.belief8.order9.position10．resignedⅡ.單句語法填空1．Thereason________hegaveforbeinglatewas________heoversleptthismorning.2．Therewasatime________hewascrazyaboutbasketball.3．Afterfivedaysoffantasticspacetrip,thetwoastronautswalkedoutofthespaceship,________(tire)buthappy.4．Inmyopinion,weshouldn'tputtoomuchstress________him;hehimselfknowshowimportantitisforhimtodothatwell.5．Asan__________(influent)philosopherwithalotofteachings,Confuciushadagreatinfluence__________Chinesepeoplethroughgenerations.6．Theyhavedifferentreligious________(believe)．7．Hedideverythingwithafullheart.As________result,hewasalwayssuccessful.8．Everyoneofuswantstolive________peace,butsomecountriesarestill________warwitheachother.9．Thenumberofboysisequal________thatofgirlsintheclass.10．Letussupposethatyouarein________positionof________parent.Wouldyouallowyourchildtodosuchathing?11．Onlyashort-sightedmanwilllosesightofthe________(important)ofeducation.12．Whenwevisitedouroldhouse,memoriescame________(flood)back.13．Hisparentsdiedwhenhewasfiveyearsold,sohewasbrought________byhisgrandparents.14．Hebelieves________GodandgoestochurcheverySunday.15．—It'snice!Neverbefore________(Ihave)suchawonderfulmeal.—I'mhappythatyoulikeit.答案與解析1．which/that;that解析：第一空由which/that引出定語從句，作從句中的賓語；第二空that引出表語從句，無意義，也不充當(dāng)句子成分。2．when解析：句意：有一段時(shí)間他對籃球很癡迷。Therewasatimewhen...曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，when引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾atime。3．tired解析：句意：經(jīng)過五天神奇的太空之旅，兩名宇航員走出了宇宙飛船，很累但卻很開心。此處選項(xiàng)應(yīng)是說明主語的狀態(tài)的，故用形容詞短語作伴隨狀語。4．on解析：putstressonsb.“給某人施加壓力”。5．influential;on解析：influentialadj.表示“有影響力的”，haveaninfluenceon表示“對……有影響”。6．beliefs解析：belief“信仰”。7．a(chǎn)解析：asaresult“結(jié)果”。句意：他全身心去做一切，結(jié)果，他總是成功的。8．in;at解析：inpeace“平靜的(地)；安靜的(地)”，此處也可用peacefully;atwar處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)。9．to解析：beequalto“與……一樣”。10．the;a解析：inthepositionof“處于……的位置”；第二空為“數(shù)量一”，用a。11．importance解析：importance“重要，重要性”。句意：目光短淺的人看不到教育的重要性。12．flooding解析：考查現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語。13．up解析：bringup“養(yǎng)大，撫養(yǎng)”。句意：他五歲時(shí)父母雙亡，因此他由祖父母撫養(yǎng)。14．in解析：believein“信仰”。句意：他信仰上帝并且每個(gè)周日去做禮拜。15．haveIhad解析：never等否定副詞置于句首，句子采用部分倒裝。Ⅰ.閱讀理解ChoosingtheRightResolution(決定)MillionsofAmericansbegan2014withthesameresolutiontheystarted2013with,agoaloflosingweight.However,settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput，weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(輸入).Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight,tryanactionableresolution:“I'llstophavingdessertforlunch，”or“I'llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives(激勵(lì)),includingineducation,hasbeendiscussed.Forexample,researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases,hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput,likereadingcertainbooks,whileinothers,theincentiveswerebasedonoutput,likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectwhenbasedonoutput.Fryer'sconclusionwasthattheincentivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausestudentsdonotknowhowtodobetteronanexam,asidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder”.Readingcertainbooks，ontheotherhand，isawell-settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal,youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Andit'seasiertostartagainifyoufail,becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspending,agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafé，forexample.Thisisawell-specifiedaction-basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn'tagoalbecauseit'stoogeneral.Similarly,ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,don'tstopwiththisgeneralwish.Thinkaboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandstickto,likeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.Inthelongrun，thesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.1．Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause________.A．itishardtoachieveformostAmericansB．itisfocusedtoomuchontheresultC．itisdependentontoomanythingsD．itisbasedonactionabledecisions2．InRolandFryer'sresearch,somestudentsdidbetterthantheothersbecause________.A．theyobeyedallthegeneralrulesB．theypaidmoreattentiontoexamsC．theyweremotivatedbytheirclassmatesD．theywererewardedforreadingsomebooks3．Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsisagoodgoal?A．“I'llgiveupdessert.”B．“I'llstudyharder.”C．“I'llcutdownmyexpenses.”D．“I'llspendmoretimewithmyfamily.”4．Thewriterstronglybelievesthatweshould________.A．developgoodhabitsandfocusontheoutcomeB．beoptimisticaboutfinalgoalsandsticktothemC．pickspecificactionsthatcanbeturnedintogoodhabitsD．setambitiousgoalsthatcanbalancetheinputandoutput答案與解析本文是一篇議論文。制定好目標(biāo)后，我們應(yīng)該怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)它呢？是夸下?？谶€是腳踏實(shí)地養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)呢？文章就這一問題展開議論。1．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者提到“將減肥作為一種目標(biāo)是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤”，因?yàn)椤皽p肥需要我們控制所吃的食物，但往往我們只注重輸出(結(jié)果)，而不去控制輸入”。故選B項(xiàng)。2．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中RolandFryer的調(diào)查結(jié)果可知，基于“輸入”激勵(lì)讓學(xué)生取得的成就更大，而“輸出”激勵(lì)對學(xué)生卻沒有什么影響，且“輸入”在第三段的實(shí)驗(yàn)中指“讀書”，故答案為D項(xiàng)。3．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight,tryanactionableresolution：‘I'llstophavingdessertforlunch.’”可知，A項(xiàng)正確。4．C作者觀點(diǎn)題。文章第二段提到了anactionableresolution，倒數(shù)第二段提到了awell-specifiedaction-basedgoal和anactionablehabit，再由第二段的最后一句以及標(biāo)題“選擇正確的決定”也可以看出作者是贊成具體行動的，故答案為C項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.閱讀填句HowtoSucceedinScienceTosucceedinscience，youneedalotmorethanluck.Inmyview，youhavetocombineintelligencewithawillingnessnottofollowconventionswhentheyblockyourpathforward.Thus,thesehavecometobemyrulesforsuccess.1．__1__Thatmightsoundproud，butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewhoarebrighterthanyourself.It'slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild，IneverwantedtoplaygameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.Ifyouwin，itgivesyounopleasure.Andinthegameofscienceorlife，thehighestgoalisn'tsimplytowin；it'stowinatsomethingreallydifficult.__2__2．Takerisks.Tomakeahugesuccess，ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.Ifyouaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience，youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedtosucceedbydefinition.__3__Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.3．Neverdoanythingthatboresyou.Myexperienceinscienceisthatsomeoneisalwaystellingyoutodothings，andthenleaveyoualone.I'mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.__4__It'sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon'twanttobewithotherscientists—youhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyouspotkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors，evenifyoufindthemobjectionable.Somyfinalruleis：__5__A．Meetchallengeswithgreatcourage.B．Ifyoucan'tstandtobewithyourrealpeers，getoutofscience.C．Putanotherway，it'stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontop.D．Besureyoualwayshavesomeonetosaveyoufromadeepmess.E．Avoidfoolishpeople.F．Infact,IfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlike.G．Besides，youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.答案與解析1．E根據(jù)后一句話可知，作者認(rèn)為只有和比自己強(qiáng)的人在一起才能學(xué)到東西，所以建議和比你自己更聰明的人在一起，而不要和愚蠢的人在一起，雖然這聽起來很驕傲。故選E。2．C根據(jù)前一句話可知，作者認(rèn)為在科學(xué)或生活的游戲中，最高的目標(biāo)不是簡單地去獲勝；而是為了成功地做好一些非常困難的事情。換句話說就是，要通過克服困難而超越自己的能力，使自己變得名列前茅。該項(xiàng)是對前一句話的進(jìn)一步解釋。3．G根據(jù)前一句話可知，作者認(rèn)為如果你要在科學(xué)上有一個(gè)巨大的飛躍，很有可能你就要勇于打破常規(guī)。此外，甚至也要準(zhǔn)備好懷疑你心中的科學(xué)英雄。也就是要勇于懷疑權(quán)威。4．F根據(jù)前一句話中的“dowellinsomethingIdislike”提示可知，該題答案為F。表明在科學(xué)研究中，對于自己不喜歡的事情人們做不好，但是對于自己喜歡的事情人們也不一定做好。5．B根據(jù)前一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者建議要和其他科學(xué)家交流，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)自己忽略的關(guān)鍵事實(shí)。甚至要和你的競爭對手交流，即使你覺得他們令人反感。也就是說，如果你無法忍受與你真正的同齡人在一起這樣做，你就不要進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究了。故選B。Ⅲ.語法填空ThereisawonderfulstoryaboutJimmyDurante,oneofgreatsingers.__1__(ask)tobeapartofashowforsomeoldWorldWarⅡsoldiers,hetoldthemhewasverybusyandhecouldaffordonlyafewminutes,__2__hewouldcomeiftheywouldn'tmindhissingingoneshortsongandimmediatelyleavingforhisnextappointment.Ofcourse,theshow'sdirectoragreed__3__(happy)．ButwhenJimmygotonstage,somethingsurprisinghappened.Hewentthrough__4__shortsongandthenstayed.Theapplausegrewlouderandlouderandhekept__5__(stay).Prettysoon,hehadbeenonstage__6__fifteen,twenty,andthenthirtyminutes.Oneofhis__7__(assist)behindthestagestoppedhimandsaid，“Ithoughtyouhadtogoafterafewminutes.Whathappened？”Jimmyanswered，“Ididhavetogo,butIcanshowyouthereasonwhyIstayed.Youcanseefor__8__(you)ifyoulookatthefrontrow.”Inthefrontrowweretwomen,bothof__9__hadlostanarminthewar.Onehadlosthisrightarmandtheothe