現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語3課件

PartFourLanguageStudyENTERLanguageStudyContentsWordStudyPhrasesandExpressionsWordBuildingGrammarExerciseWordStudy

shudder

tremble

skin

snap

stretch

toWordList:apartbeyondfixpare

peel6.quake7.quiver

8.shake9.shatter10.shiverapartWordStudya.

a.separatebyadistance

b.intoparts

c.otherexpressions:totellapart;to

pullapart;todriftapart;tofallapart;tocomeapart;togrowapartExamples:(a)Thetwoschoolsareonlyafewblocksapart.

Heisnowlivingapartfromhisfamily.兩個學(xué)校相距只有幾個街區(qū)遠。他與家人分開居住。MoreexamplesTranslationTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Examples:(b)Youneedspecialequipmenttotakethismachineapart.Theeconomyhasfallenapart.apart要拆開這部機器你需要用特殊的設(shè)備。經(jīng)濟已崩潰。WordStudyTranslationbeyondWordStudyExamples:(a)Ourschoolisjustbeyondthattallbuilding.Thereispeakbeyondpeak.Theplanefellintoaricepaddyafewmilesbeyondthemountain.prep.

a.fartherawaythan;onthefarsideof

b.pastoroutsidethelimits,reach,orscopeof學(xué)校就在高樓那邊。層巒疊嶂。飛機落入離山幾英里的水稻田中。MoreexamplesTranslationTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Examples:(b)Don'tswimbeyondyourdepth.ThatSwisswatchcostsatleast10thousanddollars.It'swaybeyondhismeans.Thelecturewasquitephilosophical.Itwascompletelybeyondme.betouchedbeyondwordsbeyond不要到你能力不及的深水區(qū)去游泳。那塊瑞士表至少價值10,000美元，他根本買不起。

演講太富哲理性了，完全超出了我的理解范圍。感動得無法用言語來形容WordStudyTranslationTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudythegueststayingbeyondthehourofwelcomethebeyondHeisbeyondthiskindofthing.beyond呆得過久而不再受歡迎的客人來世，不可知的彼岸他絕不屑做這種事情。Translationbeyondrecognitionbeyonddescriptionbeyondbelief

beyonddoubt RelatedphrasesfixWordStudyv.a.torepair/mend;cure

b.toputinorder;adjustorarrange

c.tofastenfirmlyormakefirm,stable;placedefinitelyIfitisnotbroken,don'ttrytofixit.Fixyourhair.Hefixedthepictureonthewall.Ifyoudon'tfixthelidonproperly,themilkwillspillout.Classifythefollowingwordsinto3groupsaccordingtoa,bandc.abccMoreexamplesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.fix:WordStudyMarriageisfixedonthe7th,June.I'llfixthedayifyouwanttomeetthem.Nothingisfixedintheworld；everythingisrelative.Helookedatmewithfixedeyes.Wearesupposedtofixthebrokenmachine.Letmefixyouacupoftea.bbccabClassifythefollowingwordsinto3groupsaccordingtoa,bandc.pareWordStudyv.

a.tocutoffortrimtheoutercoating,layer,edgeorpartof…

b.tocutthenailsofyourfingersortoes

c.toreduce,diminish,decreasegradually(oftenfol.bydown)topareanapple削蘋果

topareone'snails修剪指甲toparedownexpense削減開支

Relatedphrasespeelv.tostripsth.offtheskin,rind,andbark,etc.

Examples:Thewallwaspeeling.Toomuchheatwillmakethebarkwrinkleandpeel.Sunthenosetillitpeels.WordStudyRelatedphrasesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.peelWordStudytopeelpaintfromacartopeelshrimp/aboiledeggtopeelanapple/abananaWordStudyquakeHestoodtherequakingwithfear.Theearthwasquaking.Theboughsquakedateverybreath.他站在那里嚇得發(fā)抖。大地在顫抖

。樹枝在風(fēng)中搖曳。Examples:v.

toshakeviolentlyfromshockorinstabilityTranslationWordStudyquiverquiverwithageHisvoice/fingersquivereduncontrollably.Thebladesofgrassquiverinthewind.Hislipswerequiveringwithemotion.Leavesquiverinthebreeze.Examples:因年老而顫抖他的聲音/手指不自覺地顫抖。草葉在風(fēng)中顫動。由于激動他的嘴唇在顫抖。樹葉在微風(fēng)中顫動。v.toshakewithaslightbutrapidmotion,closetotrembleTranslationWordStudyshakeExamples:shakewithcoldBythattimethebuildingisshakingviolently.Wecouldnotevenstandup.Thehouseshakeswhenthetraingoesby.Heshakeswithemotion.Hewassoangrythathiswholebodyshook.v.tomakelotsofquicksmallmovementsupanddown,orsidetosideshatterWordStudyExamples:Shewasshatteredbythenewsofhisdeath.Ourhopewasshattered.v.

a.tobreaksth.intopieces,asbyablow

b.todamage,asbybreakingorcrushing;impairordestroy(health,nerves)

c.toweakenorrefute(anideaoropinion)

d.to

surpriseorastonish他去世的消息使她震驚.我們的希望破滅了.MoreexamplesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.TranslationshatterWordStudyAlongillnessshatteredhishealth.Anexplosionofgunpowdershattersarock.Suddenlythesilencewasshattered.shatterone'sreputationshatterone'shealthshatteraplanshatteramirrorshatterfaith一場病把他的身體拖跨了?；鹚幇褞r石炸碎了。寂靜突然被打破了。毀壞名譽

損害健康

破壞計劃

打碎鏡子

動搖信念RelatedphrasesTranslationWordStudyshiverv.totremblemostlybecauseofcoldness,fear,orexcitementn.ashakingmovementthatyourbodymakeswhenyouarecold,frightened,orexcitedExamplesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Thenightinthedesertwascold.Wewereallshivering.shegaveaslightshiver.Hestillhadtheshiverswhenhepassedthespotwherethemurdercasetookplace.沙漠里的夜晚很冷，我們凍得渾身發(fā)抖.她微微顫動了一下。走過當(dāng)年兇殺案事發(fā)現(xiàn)場，他仍然會不寒而栗。WordStudyshiverTranslationWordStudyshudder

v./n.totremblewithsuddenandbrief,momentary,convulsivemovement;moreintenseshaking,usu.becauseoffear,cold,horror,disgust,worry,disapproval,etc.Itsuggestsmovementlessnoticeabletoon-lookers.ExamplesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudyshudderAtthesightoftheblood-stainedknife,sheshudderedtoscreech.Sheshudderedatthesightofsnake.Ishuddertothinkoftension.一看到那把沾血的刀，她就尖叫起來。她一看到蛇就驚恐萬狀。我怕得不敢想壓力。TranslationWordStudytrembleHetrembled/shookwithangerwhenheheardthatnews.Totellyouthetruth,IwassofrightenedthatItrembledlikealeaf.Theoldbridgetrembledunderthetrain.Examples:

v.Itimpliesslightorquickmovementforuneasyornervousreasons.Itdoesnotgowithviolentmovement.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Exercise:Fillintheblankswithtremble,quiver,shiver,shakeandshudder.WordStudyAtthesightofhislostson,he_________________

withexcitement.Hewas

toopentheletter.Thenightinthedesertwascold.Wewereall

__________________.Newsofcrime

myfaithinthehumanity.Anyonefamiliarwithlawregulatoryenforcementshould

atthethoughtofnuclearplants.trembled/quiveredtremblingshivering/quiveringshookshudderAnswerstopeelpotatoestohuskthericetoshellthepeastoweedthegardentodustthetablesskinWordStudy

n.theexternalcoveringorintegumentofananimalbody,esp.softandflexible

v.toremovetheskinfromskinarabbitskingrapesExamples:Relatedcollocations去土豆皮除大米的稻殼

剝豆莢除去花園內(nèi)的雜草除去桌上的灰塵snapWordStudyv.

a.tobreakwithasuddensharpdistinctnoise

b.toopenorclosesomethingsuddenly

c.tosaysomethingquicklyandangrilyorinanannoyedmanner(fol.byat)

d.totakeaphoto/takesnapshot

e.tomakeasharpcrackingsoundwithfingersorteethorawhipExamplesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.snapWordStudyThedoorsnappedshutbehindus.Thelocksnappedshut.Isnappedathimtositdown.snapasuitcaseshut/opensnapoff/onaTVsetHiseyessnappedopen/shut.Hesnappedhislightertoseeifitneededfuel.Hesnappedhisfingerstogetthechild'sattention.Theferociousdogwassnappingatme.門啪嗒一聲在我們身后關(guān)上了。鎖啪嗒一聲合上了。我厲聲命他坐下。啪地關(guān)上/打開行李箱啪地一聲關(guān)上/打開電視他迅速睜開/閉上眼睛。他啪啪地按打火機看是否需要加油。他打了個響指以吸引孩子的注意。這條兇猛的狗突然猛咬我.Translation

stretchWordStudyv.

a.tolengthen,widen

b.tospreadoutfully;extendfromoneplacetoanotheroracrossagivenspaceortimec.toreachoutExamplesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.stretchWordStudyTheforeststretchesformiles.Hismemorystretchesbacktohisearlychildhood.Thebeggarsallstretchedouttheirhands.Buthehadnothingtogive.Thewoolcoatstretchedwhenitwaswashed.森林綿延數(shù)百英里。他的記憶回到了童年時代。乞丐們都伸出了手，但他卻沒什么可給的。這件羊毛外套在洗的時候拉長了。TranslationTobecontinuedonthenextpage.stretchWordStudyHewoke,yawnedandstretchedhimself.Hedrovefastonastretchofopenfield.Heishavingastretchinjail.Shestretchedhernecktoseewhatwasgoingon.Withasuddenstretch,Tomtooktheyoungerboy’scap.他醒了，打著哈欠，伸著懶腰。他開車在一片開闊的田野上飛馳。他正在服刑。她伸長了脖子看正在發(fā)生什么事。湯姆突然伸出手，搶走了小男孩的帽子。TranslationtoWordStudyad.inorintoaclosedpositionExamples:Thepolicekickedthedoorto.Thewindowwasblownto.TheendofWordStudy.addupallowforapartfromPhrasesandExpressionsList:countin/outforalloutofproportionprickupaddupPhrasesandExpressionstoamounttocollecttotaltoseemreasonableormakesenseExamples:Addupacolumnoffigures.(a)Ithastobetrue.Italladdsup.(b)Thefactsjustdon’taddup.(b)把一欄數(shù)字加起來。這事一定是真的。從各方面都說得通。這些事實根本串不起來。Translation

Cf.adduptoTobecontinuedonthenextpage.adduptoHeissick,buthissymptomsdon'tadduptoanythingrecognizable.Example:PhrasesandExpressions

他是病了，但是把各種癥狀綜合起來還看不出是什么病。toamountto;signifyTranslation

allowforPhrasesandExpressions考慮到，顧及，為……留出余地Wemustallowforthepossibilitythattheyhavebeeninvolvedinthecombat.Allowingforthetrainbeinglate,weshouldbebackbyeleven.Heisold-fashionedbutyouhavetoallowforhisage.Examples:Cf.allowofTobecontinuedonthenextpage.allowofBTLEWPhrasesandExpressions容許，容許有可能evidenceallowingofonlyoneconclusionThestoolistallenoughtoallowofababyreachingthebed.Suchconductallowsofnoexcuse.Examples:PhrasesandExpressions只容引出一種結(jié)論的證據(jù)凳子的高度足以讓嬰兒夠到床鋪。這種行為不可原諒。TranslationCf.makeallowance(s)forTobecontinuedonthenextpage.makeallowance(s)forWemustmakeallowanceforhisyouthandinexperience.Example:PhrasesandExpressions考慮到,體諒apartfromPhrasesandExpressionsItisabitcoldinwinter,butapartfromthat,it'squiteapleasantcitytolivein.Apartfromhispoorhealth,heisalsohopelesslylazy.Thecoachmansateatingapartfromus.Examples:除……之外；遠離countin/out把……算入/不把……算在內(nèi)IfyouareplanningatriptoLondon,countmein/out.Hecountedoutten5-poundnotes.Examples:PhrasesandExpressionsCf.countonTobecontinuedonthenextpage.PhrasesandExpressionscounton依靠，指望，料想Youcancountonmeforeverythinginthefuture.Example:PhrasesandExpressionsforallinspiteofallForallourefforts,westillcouldn'tsavehislife.Forallhispower,heisstillthemostdespisedperson.Examples:PhrasesandExpressionsoutofproportion與……不成比例/不相稱Hisstorywasexaggeratedoutofproportion.Example:Cf.inproportionto/withTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Pricewillberaisedinproportion.Thesizeofthefurnitureshouldbein

proportiontothesizeoftheroom.Thefiguresinthepaintingareinproportiontothesurroundings.Examples:PhrasesandExpressionsinproportionto/with與……成比例/相稱prickup豎起Thespiresofchurchesprickupthroughthegreenery.Hisvoiceprickedupinsurprise.prick(up)the(one's)earsExamples:PhrasesandExpressionsTheendofPhrasesandExpressions.教堂的尖頂聳立在綠樹叢中。他驚訝得連嗓音都變尖了。豎起耳朵仔細聽TranslationStudyhowthesewordsareformedWordBuildingim

—pressop—

pressde—pressre—presscom—pressex—press(topressin)(topressagainst)(topressdown)(topresstogether)(topressback)(topressout)imprint/imprisonoppose/oppositiondecline/debarkreecho/refluxexclude/exemptprefix+root(press)examplescommunion/compoundTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Para.41

…onthedarkeningriver…WordBuildingshowingtheprocessfromnotdark—lessdark—dark—darker—darkeningItreferstothecoloroftheriver，blackorpitch-darkcolor.DarkriverCompareTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordBuilding-en表示人或物原有的某種性質(zhì)得到加強Examples:blackenfattenloosenweakenmoisten她笑出了聲，這似乎使她的聲音顯得更深沉。Example"deepen"

Shelaughedandthatseemedtodeepenhervoice.brightenwhitendarkentightenreddendeepenshortenthickenlessenlightenTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordBuilding表示用原名詞表示的物質(zhì)制作的物品或與原物質(zhì)相像的物品Examples:ashengoldensilkenwoolen-enPeoplewearwoolenclothingevenonhotdays.arosy,frailgirlwithbrightgoldenhairearthenwaxenoakenwoodenMoreexamplesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordBuildingTheendofWordBuilding.與表示或描述性質(zhì)狀態(tài)的名詞或形容詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成動詞，描述使某物具有特定性質(zhì)或處于特定狀態(tài)的活動過程Examples:deadenenlightenenlivenhastenhearten-enGrammarList:ReflectiveVerbReflectivePronounGrammarThereflectiveverbisfollowedbyareflectivepronoun.ReflectiveVerbdressbehaveexpressseatenjoyhideExamples:improvecommitabsentpridepreparecalmsurpassfeeloverworkhelpdivorceetc.MoreexamplesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.GrammarYouareforgettingyourself.Wegotoutoftheriveranddriedourselves.Ifeelmyselfoverwhelmedwithsadness.Shesaidthatourplanwasinteresting.Butshedidn’tcommitherself.Iavailmyselfofthisopportunitytothankyouforyoursolicitude.HesworetoavengehimselfontheFascistsfortheirmassacre.IfJoeappliedhimselftohiswork,hewouldfinishitintime.太放肆?xí)窀筛械奖響B(tài)利用向……報仇全力以赴ReflectiveVerbsTranslationGrammarpredicateobjectReflectivePronounHeabsentedhimselffromclasstowatchafootballgame.Jaimeprideshimselfonhisabilitytospeakseverallanguages.Agoodteacherneverdivorceshimselffromhisstudents.逃課自豪脫離Itcanserveasobject,appositiveandpredicative.Itmustrefertothesamesubjectasinthemainclause.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.GrammarprepositionalobjectIhavetheroomtomyself.He'sarighttodecideforhimself.Allthisisbetweenourselves.Theaccidentdidn’thappenofitself.Yoursisn'tabadideainitself.Julieconductedtheexperimentbyherself.Whenheheardthenews,hewasbesidehimselfwithjoy.這間房子歸我獨用。（單獨所有/單獨所用）他有權(quán)自己做出決定。（為自己，替自己，自己親自）這是我們之間的秘密。事故不會自行發(fā)生。你的主意本身是不錯的。（本身，本質(zhì)上）朱莉獨自做了實驗。（獨自，在沒有外界幫助情況下，自動）聽到這個消息，他欣喜若狂。（因……而發(fā)狂）ReflectivePronounsTobecontinuedonthenextpage.TranslationGrammarpredicative：be+reflectivepronoun(身心健康)Iamgladthatyouareyourselfagain.Lauraisnotquiteherselftoday.很高興你恢復(fù)健康了。勞拉今天不太對頭。ReflectivepronounExamples:TranslationTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Grammarappositive：自己，親自，本人Theythemselvesaretoblame.(Theyaretoblamethemselves.)TheendofGrammar.ReflectivePronounExamples:ItisbettertoaskDeanhimselfaboutit.ReferringtoPage272formoreexamplesExerciseList:

Translation

Grammar&VocabularyHefixedthepictureonthewall.固定Ifyoudon'tfixthelidonproperly,themilkwillspillout.擰緊Nothingisfixedinthisworld;everythingisrelative.不變的Wearesupposedtofixthebrokenmachine.修理Letmefixyouacupoftea.準備Ifyouwanttomeetthem,Icanfixaday.安排TranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.ExerciseTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Themarriagewasfixedonthe7thJune.安排Mywoolcoatstretchedwhenwashed.變長Theforestsstretchforhundredsofmiles.綿延Thecatwokeandgaveastretch.伸懶腰Withasuddenstretch,JohntookTom’scap.身體伸長，伸出Hespentalongstretchinjail.監(jiān)禁Theytraveledahardstretchofroad.一段路Exercise1.We__thatdietisrelatedtomosttypesofcancerbutwedon’thavedefiniteproof.a.assure b.suspend c.ascertain d.suspect2.Chinesehistorianshavetriedto___abalancebetweenindividualsandsocialgroups,andbetweenthedataofhistoryandtheirsignificance.a.produce b.upsetc.strike d.tip3.Anyonebreakingtheruleswillbeaskedtoleave____.a.atthespot b.onthespotc.forthespot d.inthespotdcbAnswersExerciseTobecontinuedonthenextpage.4.He___hishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.a.scrapped b.screwedc.scraped d.scratched5.Atpresentthereisa____ofironandsteelandmoremustbeproduced.a.limit b.lossc.poverty d.scarcity6.Thebranchescouldhardly___theweightofthefruits.a.retain b.