2020版高考英語北師大版一輪課件：專題三-介詞和介詞短語

專題三介詞和介詞短語專題三介詞和介詞短語-2-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2018·全國Ⅲ卷)IwassearchingforthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.2.(2018·北京卷)—Goodmorning，Mr.Lee’soffice.—Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointmentfornextWednesdayafternoon.3.(2017·全國Ⅱ卷)Itallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.-2-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅰ.單句語法填空-3-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.(2017·全國Ⅲ卷)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree

in

engineeringorarchitecture.

5.(2017·江蘇卷)Determiningwhereweareinrelation

to

oursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.

6.(2016·全國Ⅰ卷)Mostofusaremorefocused

on

ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.

7.(2016·全國Ⅲ卷)InIndia，forexample，mostpeopletraditionallyeatwiththeirhands.8.(2016·四川卷)Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpandaformorethantwoyears.-3-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.(2017·全國Ⅲ卷)After-4-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.在which前加in或?qū)hich→where2.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Attheendofourtrip，ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears，andheagreed.去掉for3.(2017·全國Ⅰ卷)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.on→of4.(2017·全國Ⅱ卷)Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.去掉for-4-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)-5-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一表示時(shí)間和日期的介詞1.in用在表示年、季節(jié)、月份，或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名詞前;on用在表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名詞前;at用在表示某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)間上的某一點(diǎn)的詞前。Wewillhaveameetingat8o’clockinthemorningonSunday.2.for后接“一段時(shí)間”，表示某事持續(xù)多久，多與完成時(shí)連用;during表示“在……期間”;through表示“一直……，自始至終”。Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewseconds.IwenttoFranceduringthesummerholiday.Theyworkedhardthroughthewinter.-5-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一表示時(shí)間和日期的介詞-6-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.from，sincefrom表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)，意為“從……”，多用于“from...to/till...”中;since表示“自從……以來”。Ihavebeenwaitingherefrommorningtillnoon.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolsinceDec.，2015.注意for和since都常與完成時(shí)連用，但for接時(shí)間段，since接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如fortwohours(持續(xù))兩小時(shí);sincelastweek從上周直到現(xiàn)在。-6-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.from，since-7-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.before，by，till，untilbefore指“在……之前”，與after相對(duì)。by指“不遲于，到……時(shí)為止，在……以前”，by后接過去時(shí)間，常與過去完成時(shí)連用;by后接將來時(shí)間，常與將來完成時(shí)連用。till/until“直到……為止”，在肯定句中，till/until必須與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用;在否定句中，till/until常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。Pleasecomebeforeteno’clock.September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.Youmustwaitforhimtill/untiltomorrow.-7-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.before，by，till，un-8-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納5.after，inafter+一段時(shí)間:表示“在……之后”，用于一般過去時(shí);但時(shí)間為點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí)，只能用after，即after+點(diǎn)時(shí)間，用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。in+一段時(shí)間:表示以說話時(shí)為起點(diǎn)一段時(shí)間之后，與一般將來時(shí)連用;但表示“在……之內(nèi)”時(shí)，用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。Aftereightitbegantorain.Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleavesinhalfanhour.-8-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納5.after，in-9-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)二表示方位的介詞1.on意為“在……的上面”;over意為“在……(垂直)的正上方”;above意為“在……(不一定垂直)的上方”;under意為“在……(垂直)的正下方”;below意為“在……(不一定垂直)的下方”;near意為“在……附近”;nextto意為“緊挨著……”;round/around意為“在……周圍”;by意為“在……旁邊”;along表示沿著街、路、河岸等;across主要表示從某物的表面“橫過”，涉及“面”的概念;past意為“從……旁經(jīng)過”;up表示向上，由南到北，由西到東，由沿海到內(nèi)陸，由小地方到大地方，由農(nóng)村到城市，反之則用down;through指從某物的內(nèi)部“穿過”;over指“越過”某一障礙物。Pipescarryoilacrossthedesert.Ittookustenminutestodrivethroughthetunnel.-9-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)二表示方位的介詞-10-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時(shí)，in表示“在同一區(qū)域內(nèi)或同一范圍內(nèi)”;on表示“接壤，相鄰”;to表示“相離，相隔”，兩者不屬同一范圍，也不接壤。Mongoliais/liesonthenorthofChina.-10-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時(shí)，in表示“-11-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)三表示計(jì)量的介詞1.at表示“以……速度，以……價(jià)格”。Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsaltatalowerpricewouldbethathewasdesperateformoney.2.for表示“用……交換，以……為代價(jià)”。Hesoldhiscarfor500dollars.注意at表示單價(jià)(price)，for表示總錢數(shù)。3.by表示“按……計(jì)算”，后跟度量單位。接具體單位前用定冠詞the，接具體度量名詞時(shí)該名詞前不加冠詞。Theyarepaidbytheday.-11-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)三表示計(jì)量的介詞-12-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)四表示行為的工具、手段或者方式的介詞1.by表示用某種方式，多用于交通。如bybus乘公共汽車，bye-mail通過電子郵件。注意表示搭乘交通工具用by時(shí)，名詞前不加冠詞;用in時(shí)，名詞前要加冠詞。請(qǐng)比較:Iwenttherebycar/inacar.2.with表示“用某種具體工具、身體的某部分或器官”。Wespeakwithourmouths.注意with表示用某種工具時(shí)，名詞前必須用冠詞或物主代詞。3.in表示用某種材料或語言。PleasespeakinEnglishandwriteinink.4.through表示“以(方法、手段)，經(jīng)由”，后面多接抽象名詞。Youcanonlyachievesuccessthroughhardwork.-12-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)四表示行為的工具、手段或者方-13-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)五表示“除……之外”的介詞besides表示包含，“除……之外還有……”。except表示排除，“除……之外”，指整體里面排除部分，后面可接代詞、副詞、介詞短語，還可接that從句或wh-從句。but表示排除，多與nobody，none，noone，nothing，anything，everyone，all，who等連用，其后可以接不定式。exceptfor表示“除……之外”，常在說明基本情況后，從細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正。apartfrom表示“此外，除……之外(還有)”，相當(dāng)于besides/aswellas;表示“撇開……來說，除去”，相當(dāng)于except(for);inadditionto表示“除……之外(還有)”，相當(dāng)于besides。-13-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)五表示“除……之外”的介詞-14-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Apartfromgoingshopping，theoldladylikeswalkingexceptwhenitrains.Beijingisabeautifulcity，exceptforitstraffic.-14-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Apartfromgoings-15-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)六表示原因的介詞1.for表示原因，常與sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等詞連用。TheSmithsarepraisedforthewaytheybringuptheirchildren.2.at指情感變化的原因，意為“因聽到或看到……而……”。Hewassurprisedatthenews.3.from指“外在的原因”，如受傷、車禍、勞累等。Theyoungmandiedfromanaccident.4.of指“內(nèi)在的原因”，如疾病、饑餓、年老等。Theoldmandiedofhunger.5.with指生理上或情感上的由外界到內(nèi)心的原因。Hewastremblingwithcold.-15-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)六表示原因的介詞-16-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納6.by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或無意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。Shetookyourumbrellabymistake.-16-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納6.by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或無-17-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)七of和to1.of+抽象名詞=形容詞①of+great/much+抽象名詞=very+形容詞②of+no+抽象名詞=not+形容詞Thebookisofgreatvaluetoourresearch.Thisoldmachineisofnouse.2.to與情感名詞連用，表示“某種行動(dòng)后產(chǎn)生的感覺”to+one’s+情感名詞=tothe+情感名詞+ofsb.Toourgreatsurprise，theboyliedtotheteacher.-17-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)七of和to-18-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)八against1.(表示方向)與……方向相反;逆著;迎著;頂著againstthewind迎著風(fēng);逆著風(fēng)2.(表示方位)緊靠著……;倚靠著……againstthewall靠著墻3.(表示對(duì)象)對(duì)……不利;對(duì)……有害;以……為競(jìng)爭對(duì)手;違反;違背fightagainst同……戰(zhàn)斗;againstthenaturallaw違背自然規(guī)律Itwasarealraceagainsttimetogettheprojectdone.Luckily，wemadeit.4.(表示對(duì)比)和……比;和……對(duì)照;以……為背景againstthebluesky以藍(lán)天為背景-18-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)八against-19-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)九beyond1.(表示位置)在/往……另一邊;在/往……那一邊;在/往……的更遠(yuǎn)處Thehouseisbeyondthebridge.2.(表示時(shí)間)遲于;晚于;在……之后Don’tstayherebeyondmidnight.不要在這里過夜。3.(表示范圍)超出;非……所能及Theswitchonthewallwasbeyondthechildren’sreach.4.(表示程度)超出……的范圍;超過;對(duì)……來說太難Mathisbeyondme.Icannevergethighgrades.5.(表示數(shù)目)多于;超過Thereweren’tbeyondtwentypeoplepresent.-19-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)九beyond-20-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)十常用介詞短語1.atatlunch在吃午飯attable在吃飯atschool在上學(xué)atpeace在和平時(shí)期atfirst=atthebeginning初期atthebeginningof在……的初始階段attheendof...在……結(jié)束時(shí)-20-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)十常用介詞短語-21-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.ininasense從某種意義上說incommon共同;共有inplace在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢胕npractice在實(shí)踐中;實(shí)際上inpublic公開地;當(dāng)眾inturn依次;輪流;反過來incase以免;萬一indetail詳細(xì)地inoffice在執(zhí)政inpower當(dāng)權(quán);在執(zhí)政inprogress在進(jìn)行中inreturn作為回報(bào)-21-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.in-22-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納intime及時(shí);最終intheway擋路inexchangefor用以交換……infavourof同意;支持inthemeanwhile同時(shí)inspiteof不管;不顧intermsof就……來說inadditionto此外，除……以外-22-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納intime及時(shí);最終-23-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.ononbehalfof代表onconditionthat以……作為條件onsale出售onstrike在罷工ontheincrease正在增加onthego忙個(gè)不停ontheair正在廣播onthecontrary相反-23-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.on-24-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.underundercontrol在控制之中underdiscussion在討論中underdevelopment在發(fā)展中underconstruction在建設(shè)中underrepair在修理中5.forforlackof由于缺乏forthebenefitof為了……的利益asfor就……而論;關(guān)于-24-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.under-25-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納6.bybychance=byaccident偶然;碰巧byname用名字;名叫byfar到目前為止7.outofoutoforder發(fā)生故障;失調(diào)outofplace不得其所的;不適當(dāng)?shù)膐utofcontrol失去控制outofone’sreach某人夠不著的地方outofthequestion不可能outofquestion毫無疑問-25-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納6.by-26-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.單句語法填空1.Momtoldmethatnothingbutredlookedgoodagainstmyskin.2.“Wedidn’tknowwhathadhappenedtoher，”saidthewomanatthedoor.3.Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident?4.Thestudentssuccessfullyconductedtheexperimentundertheguidanceoftheirteacher.5.EvenifmytearsturnintoastreaminMay，stillitcan’tcarryallmygriefaway.-26-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.單句語法填空-27-ⅠⅡⅢ6.

In

reality，it’sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.

7.Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.8.Marycouldn’tputup

with

theterribleworkingconditionsinthatfactoryandresignedlastweek.

9.Hewassoabsorbedinabookthathedidnothearthebell.10.Wecanhardlybelievesuchayoungboyshouldhavetraveledaroundtheworldall

by

himself.

-27-ⅠⅡⅢ6.Inreality，it’sthe-28-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Fromthisexperience，Ihaverealizedagooddecisionbenefitsfrompeople.去掉from2.Peoplelikedtowalkouttheirhousestochattogether.在out后加of3.Wecanfinishth