職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生C閱讀試題2023

職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生C閱讀試題2023

閱讀理解：

第一篇：

TheBilingualBrain

WhenKarlKimimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesfromKoreaasateenager,hehadahardtimelearningEnglish.Nowhespeaksitfluently,andhehadauniqueopportunitytoseehowourbrainsadapttoasecondlanguage.Asagraduatestudent,KimworkedinthelabofJoyHirsch,aneuroscientistinNewYork.theirworkledtoanimportantdiscovery.Theyfoundevidencethatchildrenandadultsdontusethesamepartsofthebrainwhentheylearnasecondlanguage.

TheresearchersusedaninstrumentcalledanMRI(magneticresonanceimaging)scannertostudythebrainsoftwogroupsofbilingualpeople.Onegroupconsistedofthosewhohadlearnedasecondlanguageaschildren..Theotherconsistedofpeoplewho,likeKim,learnedtheirsecondlanguagelaterinlife.PeoplefrombothgroupswereplacedinsidetheMRIscanner.ThisallowedKimandHirschtoseewhichpartsofthebrainweregettingmorebloodandweremoreactive.Theyaskedpeoplefrombothgroupstothinkaboutwhattheyhaddonethedaybefore,firstinonelanguageandthentheother.Theycouldntspeakoutloudbecauseanymovementwoulddisruptthescanning.

KimandHirschlookedspecificallyattwolanguagecentersinthebrain-Brocasarea,whichisbelievedtocontrolspeechproduction,andWernickesarea,whichisthoughttoprocessmeaning.KimandHirschfoundthatbothgroupsofpeopleusedthesamepartofWernickesareanomatterwhatlanguagetheywerespeaking.ButtheiruseofBrocasareawasdifferent.

PeoplewholearnedasecondlanguageaschildrenusedthesameregioninBrocasareaforboththeirfirstandsecondlanguages.PeoplewholearnedasecondlanguagelaterinlifeusedadifferentpartofBrocasareafortheirsecondlanguage.HowdoesHirschexplainthisdifference?Hirschbelievesthatwhenlanguageisfirstbeingprogrammedinyoungchildren,theirbrainsmaymixthesoundsandstructuresofalllanguagesinthesamearea.Oncethatprogrammingiscomplete,theprocessingofanewlanguagemustbetakenoverbyadifferentpartofthebrain.

Asecondpossibilityissimplythatwemayacquirelanguagesdifferentlyaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Hirschthinksthatmothersteachababytospeakbyusingdifferentmethodsinvolvingtouch,sound,andsight.Andthatisverydifferentfromlearningalanguageinahighschoolorcollegeclass.

31Kartkimsstudyshowedthat

ApeoplelearnEnglishandKoreanindifferentways

BChildrenandadultsusethedifferentpartsofthebraintolearnasecondlanguage

Citisnotpossibleforanadulttospeakasecondlanguagefluently

Dpeoplesbrainwillnotchangewhentheyarelearnsecondlanguage

32HowdidKimandHirschstudythebrainoftwogroupsofblingualpeople

ATheyinterviewtheminEnglishandKorean

Btheyaskthemtosaythesamelanguage

CTheyusedanMRIscannertoobservetheirbrain

DTheyaskthemtotalkaboutwhathadtheydonebefore

33Whichaspectofthetwolanguagecentersinthebraindoesparagragh3discuss?

Aimpact

Bfunction

Clocation

Dsize

34KimandHirschfindthatchildren

AUsethesameregioninBrocasareatolearntheirfirstandsecondlanguage.

BLearnasecondlanguagesloweithanaults.

Carebetteratacquiringthebraintoprogramthestructuresoftheirfirstlanguage

Dusespecialpartsofthebraintoprogramthestructuresoftheirfirstlanguage

35Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagragh

AStudentsdobetterinhighschoolthanincollege

BBilingualchildrenwilllearnbetterincollege

Cmothersaregoodlanguageteachers

Dittakemoretimeforadultstolearnasecondlanguage

其次篇：

ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligences

Itpaystobesmart,butwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusician,butyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent.

Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences.

SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonalltests.

Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainsofintelligentpeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhighintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain.

HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldntbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexists,hethinksthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences.

Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.Forexample,whenonepartofthebrainisinjured,otherpartsofthebrainstillwork.Peoplewhocannottalkbecauseofbraindamagecanstillsing.So,thereisnotjustoneintelligencetolose.Gardnerhasidentified8differentkindsofintelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial,musical,interpersonal,intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic(身體動覺的),andnaturalistic.

36.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Howtounderstandintelligence.

B.Theimportanceofintelligence.

C.Thedevelopmentofintelligencetests.

D.Howtobecomeintelligent.

37.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerninggeneralintelligence?

A.Mostintelligentpeopledowellonsomeintelligencetests.

B.Peopledoingwellononetypeofintelligencetestdowellonothertests.

C.Intelligentpeopledonotdowellongrouptests.

D.Intelligentpeopledobetteronwrittenteststhanonoraltests.

38.Gardnerbelievesthat

A.childrenhavedifferentintelligences

B.allchildrenarealike.

C.childrenshouldtakeoneintelligencetest.

D.thereisnogeneralintelligence.

39.AccordingtoGardner,schoolsshould

A.promotedevelopmentofallintelligences.

B.teststudentsIQs.

C.trainstudentswhodopoorlyontests.

D.focusonfindingthemostintelligentstudents.

40.Gardnerthinksthathistheoryhasa

A.musicalfoundation.

B.intrapersonalfoundation.

C.linguisticfoundation.

D.biologicalfoundation.

第三篇：

SomeSleepDrugsDoMoreThanMakeYouSleep

TheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministrationhasorderedcompaniestoplacestrongnewwarningsonthirteendrugsthattreatsleepdisorders.Italsoorderedthemakersofthesleepingpillstoprovideinformationforpatientsexplaininghowtosafelyusethedrugs.

LastWednesday,theFDAannouncedthatsomeofthesedrugscanhaveunexpectedanddangerouseffects.Theseincludetheriskoflife-threateningallergicreactions.Theyalsoincluderareincidentsofstrangebehavior.Theseincludepeoplecookingfood,eatingandevendrivingwhileasleep.Thepatientslaterhadnomemoryofdoingtheseactivitieswhileasleep.

Lastyear,amemberoftheUnitedStatesCongress2saidhehada.sleep-drivingincident.PatrickKennedy,arepresentativefromRhodeIsland3,crashedhiscarintoasecuritybarriernearthebuildingwherelawmakersmeet.Theaccidenthappenedinthemiddleofthenightandnoonewashurt.Mr.Kennedysaidhehadearliertakenasleepmedicine.Hesaidhewasalsobeingtreatedwithastomachsicknessdrugthatcouldcausesleepiness.

TheFoodandDrugAdministrationdidnotsayinitsannouncementhowmanycasesofsleep-drivingithaddocumented.However,theNewYorkTimes4reportedlastyearaboutpeoplewhosaidtheyhadstrangesleepeventsaftertakingthedrugAmbien.Somereportedsleep-drivingandsleep-walking.Otherssaidtheyfoundevidenceafterwakinginthemorningthattheyhadcookedfoodoreatenintheirsleep.Buttheyhadnomemoryofcarryingouttheactivities.

AFoodandDrugAdministrationofficialsaysthattheseserioussideeffectsofsleepdisorderdrugsappeartoberare.But,healsosaysthereareprobablymorecasesthanarereported.3Hesaystheagencybelievestheriskof.suchbehaviorscouldbereducedifpeopletakethedrugsasdirectedanddonotdrinkalcoholwhiletakingthedrugs.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationhasadviseddrugcompaniestocarryoutstudiestoinvestigatetheproblem.

41.TheFDAannouncedthat

A.thirteendrugcompanieswereclosedlastWednesday.

B.onlythirteendrugscouldtreatsleepingdisorders.

C.so