存在句和強調(diào)句課件

存在句（ExistentialSentence)和強調(diào)句(EmphaticSentence)1存在句（ExistentialSentence)和強調(diào)句(一、存在句:Therebe句型結構特征：There+be+NP+LocativeExpression(+TemporalExpression)即：Therebe+真實主語+地點狀語(+時間狀語)there只起引導作用，并無實際意義，句子的真正主語是謂語動詞be后面的名詞。Therearemanypeopleinthepicture.2一、存在句:Therebe句型TherearemanyTherebe句型的主謂一致be動詞在數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致，在有多個主語的情況下采取就近原則，即與靠近be的主語保持一致。There___manybooksontheshelf.There___apenandtworulersinthebox.There___twoboysandateacherattheschoolgate.Howmanypeople___thereinthecity?isareareare3Therebe句型的主謂一致be動詞在數(shù)上必須與主語保持Therebe句型的時態(tài)Therebe句型中，be動詞有各種時態(tài)的變化：現(xiàn)在有thereis/are…過去有therewas/were…將來有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有therehas/havebeen…4Therebe句型的時態(tài)Therebe句型中，be動詞Therebe與情態(tài)動詞連用

Therebe句型中的謂語動詞be可與各種情態(tài)動詞連用，表示“一定有”、“可能有”、“應該有”等含義。1.一定是出了點問題。

Theremustbesomethingwrong．2.不應該有這么多的人。

Thereoughtnottobesomanypeople.3.可能還有點希望。

Theremightbesomehope.5Therebe與情態(tài)動詞連用Therebe句型中的謂語Therebe與含有情態(tài)意義的動詞或短語連用

能用于therebe句型中的這類詞語主要有這些短語中的動詞形式仍然與后面的主語保持一致，并有時態(tài)的變化(usedto除外）。happento（碰巧）appearto／seemto（似乎）begoingto（將會）usedto（曾經(jīng)）haveto（必須）belikelyto（很可能）There++be6Therebe與含有情態(tài)意義的動詞或短語連用能用于thePractice:在那個俱樂部碰巧有我的一個老朋友。戰(zhàn)前這里曾有一個電影院。今晚有舞會嗎？好像沒有太大希望。可能會有很多人。Therehappenedtobeanoldfriendofmineintheclub．Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar．Istheregoingtobeadancingpartytonight？Theredoesn’tseemtobemuchhope.

Therearelikelytobemanypeople.7Practice:在那個俱樂部碰巧有我的一個老朋友。7主語后的動詞形式在therebe句型中，主語后的動詞形式只能是非謂語形式doing,done,或者todo。Thereisapurselyingontheground.

Therearefiveminutesleftnow.主語后接不定式時常用主動形式表示被動意義。

Thereisalotofworktodo.

Thereisnotimetolose.切記：主語之后不能再出現(xiàn)其它謂語動詞?。?！Thereissomeoneoutsidewaitstoseeyou.Thereissomeoneoutsidewaitingtoseeyou.（×）(√)8主語后的動詞形式在therebe句型中，主語后的動詞形式therebe與have的比較therebe表示某個時間或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主語“擁有”某人或某物，作賓語的某人或某物屬主語所有。Therearesomechildreninthegarden.

Shehasthreecars.(汽車是屬于她的)若是部分與整體關系時，有時用兩種表達方式都可以。如：Aweekhassevendays.=Therearesevendaysinaweek.9therebe與have的比較therebe表示某個時Therebe的非謂語形式及用法

Therebe的非謂語形式有兩種，即theretobe和therebeing。1.作介詞賓語,介詞為for用tobe,其余介詞用being.Theteacherwaswaitingfortheretobecompletesilence.Johnwasrelyingontherebeinganotheropportunity.10Therebe的非謂語形式及用法Therebe2.作動詞賓語時常用tobe，常見動詞有：expect,mean,intend,

want,prefer等。

Membersliketheretobeplentyofchoice.Peopledon'twanttheretobeanotherwar.3.作主語和狀語時用being.Therebeingabusstopsoneartothehouseisagreatadvantage.Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.112.作動詞賓語時常用tobe，常見動詞有：expect,專四真題：1.There__nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.(2000)A.tobe

B.tohavebeen

C.being D.be2.What’sthechanceof________ageneralelectionthisyear?（2005）A.therebeingB.theretobeC.therebeD.theregoingtobe12專四真題：123.Itisnotuncommonforthere____problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.（2007）A.beingB.wouldbeC.beD.tobe133.ItisnotuncommonforthereExercise:filleachgapwiththeretobeortherebeing1.there’snowsomehopeof____________asettlementofthedispute.2.Theyaskedfor_________anothermeeting.3.Johnaskedabout_________anothermeeting.4.Johnintended_________ameetingafterwards.5.It’sessentialfor_________morehousesbuiltnextyear.6._________nofurtherbusiness,theChairmanclosedthemeeting.7.Peoplehate___________queueseverywhere.therebeingtherebeingTherebeingtherebeingtheretobetheretobetheretobe14Exercise:filleachgapwithtTherebe結構的常用句型Thereisnosenseindoingsth.做某事是沒有意義的Thereisnodifficultyindoingsth.做某事沒有困難Thereisnousedoingsth.

做某事沒有用Thereisnoneedtodosth.沒有必要做某事Thereisnosenseinarguingwithhim.Therewasnodifficultyincarryingouttheplan.Therewasnoneedtogivehimsomuchmoney.15Therebe結構的常用句型Thereisnosenthere與其它動詞連用在therebe句型中的be還可以換成其他動詞，一般為不及物動詞，如:live,stand,exist,remain,lie——表示狀態(tài)come,go,appear,enter,follow,occur——描寫某事的發(fā)生或某人的到達。Onceuponatime,therelivedarichman.Therecomesthebus!Therefollowedaterriblenoise.Suddenlythereenteredastrangeman.Atthetopofthehilltherestandsanoldtemple.16there與其它動詞連用在therebe句型中的be還可Exercise:translatethefollowingsentences1.IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?2.Doyouknowthereisanimportantarticleintoday’snewspaper?3.Therearealotofpeopleboatingintheparknearourinstitute.4.Thereusedtobeplentyofwaterinthisriver.5.Therehappenedtobenobodynearbyatthattime.6.Theremustbemanypeoplewhoareinterestedinthisplan.17Exercise:translatethefollow二、強調(diào)句Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+連接詞強調(diào)主語:強調(diào)賓語:強調(diào)狀語:that人:who/that物:that人:whom/that物:that結構：18二、強調(diào)句Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+連接詞人:NancysawyoursisterinTokyolastweek.ItwasNancywhosawyoursisterinTokyolastweek.ItwasyoursisterwhomNancysawinTokyolastweek.ItwasinTokyothatNancysawyoursisterlastweek.ItwaslastweekthatNancysawyoursisterinTokyo.19NancysawyoursisterinTokyo否定句的強調(diào)結構Hedoesn’tstudyFrench.Itisnothethat/whostudiesFrench.ItisnotFrenchthathestudies.Ididn’tdoallthisformyself.Itwasn’tformyselfthatIdidallthis.20否定句的強調(diào)結構Hedoesn’tstudyFrencnot...until…的強調(diào)句型

Itis(was)notuntil…that…Hedidn’tcomeuntilhiswifeleft.

Itwasnotuntilhiswifeleftthathecame.Theydidn’tstartuntiltherainstopped.

Itwasnotuntiltherainstoppedthattheystarted.21not...until…的強調(diào)句型Itis(was)將下面的句子變?yōu)閺娬{(diào)句。Thesportsmeetwillnotbehelduntilnextweek.Thestudentsdidnotstoptalkinguntiltheteachercamein.Key:Itisnotuntilnextweekthatthesportsmeetwillbeheld.Itwasnotuntiltheteachercameinthatthestudentsstoppedtalking.22將下面的句子變?yōu)閺娬{(diào)句。Thesportsmeetwi強調(diào)句的疑問形式

ItwasJimthattoldusthenews.

WasitJimthattoldusthenews?(強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句形式)

Whowasitthattoldusthenews?(強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句形式)Itwasyesterdaythathearrived.

Wasityesterdaythathearrived?

Whenwasitthathearrived?23強調(diào)句的疑問形式ItwasJimthattold“Howwas_________theydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace?”“Totallybychance.”

A.itthat B.hethat

C.itwhen D.hewhichItwastotallybychancethattheydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace.24“Howwas_________theydiscovWhatisit_________hisdaughterneedsmost?A.what

B.which

C.that D.ifItislovethathisdaughterneedsmost.25Whatisit_________hisdaugh強調(diào)結構與類似句型的區(qū)別判斷是否是強調(diào)結構的方法是：去掉itis/was和that后，剩余部分(經(jīng)調(diào)整后)是否依然是個完整的句子，若是，就是強調(diào)結構，否則就不是。Itisapitythatyoucouldnotcome.

去掉Itis和that后，句子不成立，是形式主語句型Itwasattenthathegothome.去掉itwas和that后，原句可調(diào)整為Hegothomeatten.句子完整正確，故這是強調(diào)結構26強調(diào)結構與類似句型的區(qū)別判斷是否是強調(diào)結構的方法是：去掉it1.

Was

it

during

the

Second

World

War____he

died?

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thatB.

whileC.

in

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2.

It

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me.

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what;

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that;

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what;

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that;

what

271.

Was

it

during

the

Second

Wo3.

It

was

about

600

years

ago

____

the

first

clock

with

a

face

and

an

hour

hand

was

made.

A.

that

B.

until

C.

before

D.

when

4.

_____

is

no

possibility____Bobcanwinthe

first

prize

in

the

match.

A.

There;

thatB.

It;

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There;

whether

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It;

whether

283.

It

was

about

600

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ago

Practice:Emphasizetheitalicizedpart.1.Wehavebeentalkingaboutyou.2.LaoZhangoughttoberesponsibleforwhathashappened.3.Sheconsentedtotheirrequestonlyoutofcourtesy.4.TheWuhanBridgewascompletedin1957,notin1958.5.Hechosethecoursebecauseofhisstronginterestinliterature.6.Whenshewasabouttogotobed,thetelephonerang.Itisyouthat/whomwe