反義疑問(wèn)句和插入語(yǔ)和it用法

反義疑問(wèn)句的用法陳述部分肯定式+疑問(wèn)部分否定式2.陳述部分否定式+疑問(wèn)部分肯定式Theyworkhare,don’tthey?Hecan’trideabike,canhe?一、 反意疑問(wèn)句的一般情況1.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是：等everyone,everybody,someone,noone,nobody,none,somebody合成代詞時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用they或he.Everyonehereknowshimwell,don’tthey\doesn’the?當(dāng)陳述部分以one不定代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)在正式常場(chǎng)用one，非正式場(chǎng)合用he。 Onecan’tbecarefulenough,canhe?\canone?當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句、this或that,附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it。（是those,these則用they）Thisisn’tafasttrain,isn’tit?Whatyouwanttodoistofinishyourworkbeforeshecomes,isrftit?當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是表示物的不定代詞everything,anything,nothing等，附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it。 Nothingcouldmakehiminterestedinpolitics,couldit?陳述部分帶有否定詞或半否定詞，例如：never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,no,none,noone,rarely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,few,little等，附加疑問(wèn)句的動(dòng)詞要用肯定形式。YouhaveneverbeentoAmerica,haveyou?如果陳述部分中的否定詞僅帶有否定的前綴或后綴，那么該陳述句應(yīng)作肯定句處理，附加疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用否定形式。Tomdislikesplayingtennis,doesn’the?It’sunfair,isn’tit?Sheseldomhaslunchatschool,?當(dāng)陳述部分是therebe存在句型時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)也用there。Therewillbeameetingtomorrow,won’tthere?祈使句后面的附加疑問(wèn)句問(wèn)題A） 祈使句是否定形式，附加疑問(wèn)句只能用willyou。B） 祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑問(wèn)句用willyou\won’tyou。C） Let開頭的祈使句要注意：Let’s...,shallwe? Letus....,willyou?\won’tyou?當(dāng)陳述部分是一個(gè)（帶that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的）主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句的主謂要和主句的主謂保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。Hesaidthathewouldcometomybirthdayparty,didn’the?但是，當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是：Isuppose,Ithink,Ibelieve,Iimagine,Iexpect等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要和從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)保持一致關(guān)系。而且要注意到否定的轉(zhuǎn)移問(wèn)題。Idon’tbelievehewillsucceed,willhe?Hedoesn’tbelieveshewillsucceed,doeshe?當(dāng)陳述部分是并列句時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句的主謂語(yǔ)要和離它最近的句子的主謂保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。Sheisadoctorbutherhusbandisn’tadoctor,ishe?二、 關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問(wèn)句陳述部分中有have一詞，且表示“所有”含義時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分既可用have也可用do。Youhaveanewbike,haven’tyou（或don’tyou）?陳述部分是：I’m....結(jié)構(gòu)，附加疑問(wèn)句一般用aren’tI?陳述部分中有haveto，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用do。Theyhadtogotoschoolontime,didn’tthey?含有oughtto的反意疑問(wèn)句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問(wèn)部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主語(yǔ)。Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtn'the?/shouldn'the?陳述部分有usedto,附加疑問(wèn)句部分可用used也可以用did。陳述部分有needn’t時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用need但有時(shí)也可用must。陳述部分有must,且表示“必須”時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用needn’t。Youmustgonow,needn'tyou?陳述部分中是mustn’t表示“禁止”時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用must。Youmustn'tsmokehere,mustyou?或mayyou?陳述部分中的must表示“一定”、“想必”等推測(cè)意義時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分而是根據(jù)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或其助動(dòng)詞來(lái)定。Youmustbehungrynow,aren’tyou?HemustbewatchingTVnow，isn’the?Youmusthaveheardaboutit,haven’tyou?Youmusthavewatchedthefootballmatchlastnighdidn’tyou?陳述部分是Iwish，表示詢問(wèn)或征求意見(jiàn)，附加疑問(wèn)部分用mayI。弄清陳述句中的'drather=wouldrather；’dbetter=hadbetter附加疑問(wèn)句部分前者用would，后者用had。其它特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的反意疑問(wèn)句陳述部分有hadbetter+v.疑問(wèn)句部分用hadn'tyou?You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?陳述部分有wouldrather+v.，疑問(wèn)部分多用wouldn't+主語(yǔ)。Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the?陳述部分有You'dliketo+v.疑問(wèn)部分用wouldn't+主語(yǔ)。You'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)部分常用need（dare）+主語(yǔ)。Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?當(dāng)dare,need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用助動(dòng)詞do+主語(yǔ)。Shedoesn'tdaretogohomealone,doesshe?回答反義疑問(wèn)句---Youaren’tateacher,areyou?---Yes,Iam不，我是）'No,Iamnot.（是的，我不是）插入語(yǔ)的用法通常由一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成位置較為靈活，可置于句首、句中或句末一般用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)與句子隔開。下面以高考題為例，談?wù)劜迦胝Z(yǔ)的用法。一、 形容詞（短語(yǔ)）用作插入語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的形容詞有strange（奇怪的）,sureenough（果然）,worsestill（更糟糕的是）,evenbetter（更好的）,strangetosay（說(shuō)也奇怪）,needlesstosay（不用說(shuō)）,mostimportantofall（最為重要的）等。例如：Sureenough,enemyplanescameagainthenextday.果然敵機(jī)第二天又來(lái)了。Strange,heoftenforgottoturnoffthelights.真奇怪，他經(jīng)常忘記關(guān)燈。Greenland,islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers.A.itisthelargestB.thatisthelargestC.isthelargestD.thelargest答案:D二、 副詞（短語(yǔ)）用作插入語(yǔ)常用作插入語(yǔ)的副詞有indeed（的確）,surely（無(wú)疑）,however（然而）,obviously（顯然），frankly（坦率地說(shuō)）,naturally（自然）,luckily/happilyforsb.（算某人幸運(yùn)）,fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪）,honestly（老實(shí)說(shuō)）,briefly（簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)）等。Twomiddle-agedpassengersfellintothesea.,neitherofthemcouldswim.A.InfactB.LuckilyC.UnfortunatelyD.Naturally答案:C三、 介詞短語(yǔ)用作插入語(yǔ)常用作插入語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)有inafewwords/insum/inshort（簡(jiǎn)而言之）,onthecontrary（相反）,inotherwords（換句話說(shuō)）,inasense（在某種意義上）,ingeneral（一般說(shuō)來(lái)）,inmyview（在我看來(lái)）,inconclusion（總之）,insummary（概括地說(shuō)）,infact（事實(shí)上）,atfirst（首先）,inaddition（此外）,ofcourse（當(dāng)然）,tomyjoy/delight/satisfaction.（使我欣慰/高興/滿意的是）,forinstance/example（例如）,asamatteroffact（事實(shí)上）等。?Borishasbrains.Infact,IdoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshasIQ.A.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighestYourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard—,youfailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametimeHelenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which答案:①B②C③D四、 不定式短語(yǔ)用作插入語(yǔ)tobefrank（坦率地說(shuō)）,totell（you）thetruth（老實(shí)說(shuō)）,tobesure（無(wú)疑地）,tosumup（概括地說(shuō)）等。例如：Thafsawonderfulidea,tobesure!這個(gè)主意好極了，肯定的！Tosumup,successresultsfromhardwork.總之,成功來(lái)自于努力。五、 分句用作插入語(yǔ)常用作插入語(yǔ)的分句有：Ithink（我認(rèn)為）,doyousuggest/suppose（你建議/猜測(cè)）,Ihope（我希望）,I’mafraid（恐怕）,what’smore（而且）,what’sworse（更糟糕的是）,yousee（你知道）,Iamsure（我可以肯定地說(shuō)）,Iwonder（我不知道）,thatis（也就是說(shuō)）,itseems（看來(lái)是）,asIseeit（照我看來(lái)）,whatisimportant（重要的是）,believeitornot（信不信由你）等。AsIknow,thereiscarinthisneighborhood.A.nosuchB.noaC.notsuchD.nosuchaItissonicetohearfromher.,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.WhafsmoreB.ThatistosayC.InotherwordsD.Believeitornotbesenttoworkthere?A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould一HowdoyouwegotoBeijingforourholidays?—Ithinkwe’dbetterflythere.Ifsmuchmorecomfortable.A.insistB.wantC.supposeD.suggestShehassetanewrecord,thatis,thesalesofherlatestbook50million.A.havereachedB.hasreachedC.arereachingD.hadreached答案:①A②D③A④D⑤A六、 有時(shí)說(shuō)完一句話之后，再補(bǔ)充幾個(gè)詞或一句話，以作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明,這也是一種插入語(yǔ)，前面常用破折號(hào)。①LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell,Clare—youmustlearnto.A.supportB.careC.spareD.share②Ifyouwanthelp—moneyoranything,letmeknow,you?A.don’tB.willC.shallD.do答案:①D②BIt用法總結(jié)作形式主語(yǔ)。Itisnoteasytofinishtheworkintwodays.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisaspitythatyoudidn’treadthebook.作形式賓語(yǔ)。Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthatsubject.含有“Itis???”的句型Itistime(forsb.)todosth.Itis(high)timethatsb.didsth\shoulddosth,(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)Itis+形容詞(+of/forsb.)+todosth.通常用of的詞有brave、clever、careful、hopeless>kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。Itis+形容詞+that+sb.+(should)dosth.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)能用于這個(gè)句型的形容詞有strange、wonderful>natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate>important、necessary、useless>likely、probable>impossible等。有時(shí)可省去should而直接用動(dòng)詞原形。如：Itisimportantthatweshouldpaycloseattentiontograin.Itisnaturalthathe(should)sayso.Itisnouse/good+doingsth.Itisnousetryingagain=Itisofnousetotryagain.Itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+…Wasitinthestreetthatyoumether?Whowasitthatcalledhim“comrade”？ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatImetmyoldfriend.Itisinasmallfactorythatmybrotherisgoingtowork.(注意上述各句均為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的“考點(diǎn)”)比