頁巖氣開發(fā)流程課件

頁巖氣開發(fā)流程頁巖氣開發(fā)流程提綱哈里伯頓簡介頁巖氣開發(fā)流程提綱哈里伯頓簡介哈里伯頓石油天然開采一體化服務(wù)，1919年成立，世界500強(qiáng)之一70,000+雇員，80個國家，2011年收入$250億，北美58%，國家42%哈里伯頓石油天然開采一體化服務(wù)，1919年成立，世界500強(qiáng)壓裂作業(yè)

>>8,000

個壓裂作業(yè)/月完井

提供了超過33.5萬個橋塞鉆井遠(yuǎn)超過1萬口水平井盆地評價(jià)

超過36個國家的60個以上的盆地

物流

在北美，哈里伯頓每7分鐘卸載

一火車皮支撐劑哈里伯頓非常規(guī)能力在北美，哪里有頁巖氣和油，哪里就有哈里伯頓Strength(5300patents)壓裂作業(yè)哈里伯頓非常規(guī)能力在北美，哪里有頁巖氣和油，哪里BeijingOffice10/FWestTower,WorldFinancialCentre,No.1East3rdRingMidRd,ChaoyangDist,Beijing北京辦公室北京朝陽區(qū)東三環(huán)中路1號環(huán)球金融中心西塔10層TangguOfficeBuildingB,No.160,DongtingRd,Tianjin塘沽辦公室天津洞庭路160號B座XinjiangDBSBitandToolCompanyLTD.新疆鉆頭和工具廠No.80HongYanRoad，Karamay，Xinjiang新疆克拉瑪依鴻雁路80號ChengduOfficeRoom405,CrownPlazaHotel,#31ZongfuStr.Chengdu成都辦公室四川成都總府路31號皇冠假日飯店405房間ShekouOffice15F/G,TimesPlaza,Shekou,Shenzhen蛇口辦公室深圳蛇口時代廣場15/GTangguTEDAWorkshop塘沽TEDA工廠SichuanXinduWorkshop四川新都車間

ChiwanShekouWorkshop(comingin2012)蛇口赤灣車間(2012年投入使用）

ShekouWorkshop蛇口車間

TangguBohaiWorkshop塘沽渤海工廠Luntai(Tarim)塔里木輪臺基地

27Expats27Commuters557LocalsBeijingOfficeTangguOfficeXi哈里伯頓在中國的頁巖氣案例在四川和重慶地區(qū)提供了四口頁巖氣水平井的泥漿服務(wù)在四川和重慶地區(qū)提供了三口頁巖氣水平井的鉆井服務(wù)在四川和重慶地區(qū)提供了三口頁巖氣水平井的壓裂服務(wù)中國的第一口高產(chǎn)的頁巖氣水平井是哈里伯頓壓裂的非常規(guī)技術(shù)組哈里伯頓在中國的頁巖氣案例在四川和重慶地區(qū)提供了四口頁巖氣水頁巖氣區(qū)塊開發(fā)流程整體體系評估區(qū)塊價(jià)值初步評價(jià)地震采集儲層模擬井位選擇物流保障鉆井錄井測井解釋完井設(shè)計(jì)壓裂壓裂監(jiān)測產(chǎn)量測試一體化數(shù)據(jù)集成分析區(qū)塊的整體方案頁巖氣區(qū)塊開發(fā)流程整體體系評估區(qū)塊價(jià)值初步評價(jià)地震采集儲層模目的關(guān)鍵要素儲層評價(jià)ProductionSustainability現(xiàn)場作業(yè)ReservoirContinuityMineralogyHeterogeneityPermeabilityTotalOrganic

CarbonAnalogousFieldsGeomechanicUnderstanding最大化產(chǎn)量WellTrajectory

Hyd.FracturePropertiesPostFracCleanUPWellArchitectureNumberofHydraulicFractures

EffectiveFractureHalf-LengthMultipleZonesConductivityEnduranceFluidSamplingCore/CuttingsNaturalFracturesWellSpacing優(yōu)化壓裂StressBarriersStressDirectionPostFractureEvaluationPre-FracEvaluationFracFluidDesignConductivityEnduranceMechanicalRockPropertiesStressAnisotropyHyd.FractureGeometryFracStagingTechniquesZoneSelection優(yōu)化鉆井WellBoreIsolationGeomechanicUnderstandingWellPlacementMinimizeNPTReservoirDamageHoleInstabilityCasingDesignWellBoreIntegrityWellControlDrillingFluidProperties優(yōu)化完井NumberofWellsTypeofWellsFieldTargetRateSurfaceFacilitiesProcurementLogisticsEconomicEstimatesThermalMaturityPorosityComplexFractureNetworkIntervalContributionPerforatingStrategyMaterialSelectionRe-entrywellsPad/PlatformHSEKerogenTypeWellBoreRugosityD&CFluidCompatibilityCompletionsDesignFracStagingTechniquesPerforatingZonalIsolationProductionMonitoringMechanicalStrengths/LoadsTemperatureMonitoringPressureMonitoringWellBoreCleanOutFluid/PressureSamples頁巖氣開發(fā)需要用到的參數(shù)目的關(guān)鍵要素儲層評價(jià)ProductionSustainab多方面的合作地質(zhì)和地質(zhì)力學(xué)巖石物理儲層工程現(xiàn)場：鉆井，完井，壓裂核心成員項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理安全監(jiān)督物流后勤

巖石物理家

巖石力學(xué)家油藏工程師鉆井工程師

完井工程師壓裂工程師經(jīng)驗(yàn)多方面的合作地質(zhì)和地質(zhì)力學(xué)巖石物理儲層工程現(xiàn)場：鉆井，完井，總體區(qū)塊分析和勘探方案三維地震和露頭為主要輸入目的層厚度，深度，延展范圍主要地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)目的

-儲量

-井位總體區(qū)塊分析和勘探方案三維地震和露頭為主要輸入巖石物理評價(jià)有沒有儲存條件？儲層物性孔隙度滲透率流體性質(zhì)有沒有成氣條件？巖石化學(xué)有機(jī)質(zhì)油母巖質(zhì)熱成熟度能不能有效改造地層?巖石力學(xué)巖性機(jī)械性質(zhì)應(yīng)力場通過探井收集數(shù)據(jù)

-錄井

-取巖心

-巖心評價(jià)

-測井

-測井解釋

-建模巖石物理評價(jià)有沒有儲存條件？孔隙度滲透率流體性質(zhì)有沒有成氣條數(shù)據(jù)采集直井

SPE153681–Pitcher,BullerandMullen,2012

測井用途電阻率油母巖質(zhì)的飽和度和體積密度和光電總孔隙度，油母巖質(zhì)和巖性描述中子補(bǔ)償總孔隙度和氣體含量校正伽馬能譜放射性元素含量，粘土含量，有機(jī)質(zhì)元素分析礦物組成偶極子聲波應(yīng)力方向，楊氏模量，泊松比，三維應(yīng)力的值核磁共振孔隙度，油母巖質(zhì)含量，水飽和度，滲透率，碳?xì)浞N類電介孔隙度含水的孔隙度水基泥漿成像裂隙表征，應(yīng)力方向，砂巖層油基泥漿成像誘導(dǎo)裂縫和張性縫，應(yīng)力方向，砂巖層巖心分析用途s1，s2油母巖質(zhì)類型總有機(jī)質(zhì)油母巖質(zhì)含量GRI孔隙度總孔隙度GRI頁巖滲透率滲透率GRI氣飽和度GRI含氣量X光衍射礦物組成X熒光譜礦物組成電感耦合等離子體元素分析毛細(xì)力時間水敏性分析布氏硬度巖石硬度三軸應(yīng)力測試兩個方向上的楊氏模量和泊松比靜態(tài)楊氏模量和泊松比測井校正鏡質(zhì)體反射熱成熟度數(shù)據(jù)采集直井

SPE153681–Pitcher,B擠注測試（DFIT）目的

-滲透率

-地層破裂壓力

-閉合壓力

-地層壓力優(yōu)點(diǎn)

-儲層的在線性質(zhì)過程用少量液體破裂地層關(guān)井監(jiān)測壓力降對壓降數(shù)據(jù)解釋擠注測試（DFIT）目的

-滲透率

-地層破裂壓力

-ShaleXpertTM

數(shù)據(jù)分析工具輸入：測井曲線巖心分析錄井?dāng)?shù)據(jù)DFITShaleXpertTM輸出：總有機(jī)質(zhì)礦物組成有效孔隙度氣含量地應(yīng)力脆性滲透率ShaleXpertTM數(shù)據(jù)分析工具輸入：ShaleXpe數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用–尋找甜點(diǎn)高有機(jī)質(zhì)和成熟度

-氣含量高

-孔隙度高

高脆性

-容易增加改造體積

-裂縫不易愈合低閉合應(yīng)力

-裂縫不易愈合

-壓裂壓力低低粘土含量

-儲層不易損傷

-脆性高孔隙度發(fā)育數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用–尋找甜點(diǎn)高有機(jī)質(zhì)和成熟度

-氣含量高

-數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用–選擇定向鉆井工具AzmuthalDeepResistivity數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用–選擇定向鉆井工具AzmuthalDeep數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用-尋找類比儲層數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用-尋找類比儲層數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用–壓裂設(shè)計(jì)SPE115258BrittlenessFluidSystemFractureGeometryFractureWidthClosureProfile70%SlickWater60%SlickWater50%Hybrid40%Hybrid30%X-Linked20%X-Linked10%X-LinkedBrittlenessProppantConcentrationFluidVolumeProppantVolume70%60%50%40%30%20%10%LiquidProductionLowHighHighLowLowHighYoungsModulus7E66E65E64E63E62E61E6LowHighBarnettMarcellusEaglefordHaynesvilleBarnettMarcellusEaglefordHaynesville數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用–壓裂設(shè)計(jì)SPE115258BrittlenWoodfordBarnettHaynesvilleMarcellusEaglefordBakkenMinerologyQuartz,wt%25-5440-6025-5210-401—3015-70Plagioclasefeldspar,wt%7-132-58-170–100-171-3Calcite,wt%7-205-3013-445–2025-9515-65Illite/Smectite,wt%2-81-5-<20-232-6Illite,wt%17-465-2512-2025-601-501-13Kaolin,wt%00-<20-140-2Chlorite,wt%104-70–100-71-3HydrocarbonTypeOil/GasOil/GasGasGasOil/GasOilKerogen%3-15Ro(MaturityofShale)0.75–1.450.6-1.61–1.20.8–3.0+0.75–2.160.45–0.60SilicaContent(%)25–5440–60<4040–801—3015-70GasContent,scf/ton200–300300–350100–33050–350130GIP/Section,bcf50–90100–200150–22530-150120-180ShaleClassificationTypeI,II,IIIorIVIIIIVIIIIVIVCharacteristicsofProductiveShale

Ingeneral,aproductiveshaleformationincludesthesecharacteristics:Thickzone>100ft.Wellbounded.Containsfractureenergy.Maturationinthegaswindow:Ro=1.1to1.4.Goodgascontent>100scf/ton.HighTotalOrganicCarbon(TOC)>3%.Lowhydrogencontent.Moderateclaycontent<40%.BrittleshaleasindicatedbyalowPoisson'sRatioandahighYoung'sModulus.WoodfordBarnettHaynesvilleMarc數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用–完井方式的選擇Clusterlength方法優(yōu)點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)橋塞/射孔聯(lián)作1.技術(shù)成熟

2.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低

3可用于高溫高壓大流量等待時間長

2.需連續(xù)油管待命

3.需過頂替滑套/封隔器1.快

2.不固井

3.井壁自然裂縫不受破壞1.不能精確控制裂縫位置

2.不能驗(yàn)做封

3.不能用于不穩(wěn)定井眼

4.砂堵時難處理數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用–完井方式的選擇Cluster方法優(yōu)點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)橋塞21現(xiàn)場作業(yè)實(shí)施21現(xiàn)場作業(yè)實(shí)施復(fù)雜裂縫監(jiān)測和模擬復(fù)雜裂縫監(jiān)測和模擬整體數(shù)據(jù)庫和數(shù)據(jù)可視化整體數(shù)據(jù)庫和數(shù)據(jù)可視化截止目前，我們在中國開發(fā)頁巖氣所觀察到的問題地質(zhì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)影響產(chǎn)量，提高成本

-地層壓力不足，頁巖氣有合適的生成條件，但是沒有合適的保存條件

-異常地層應(yīng)力導(dǎo)致井眼坍塌，井漏，不理想的裂縫形態(tài)，井筒變形，壓裂壓裂異常鉆井周期長

-泥漿質(zhì)量

-經(jīng)驗(yàn)

-鉆井工具設(shè)備

-某些設(shè)備沒有，而替代設(shè)備增加額外的成本

-有的設(shè)備因路況原因不能到達(dá)井場

-有的設(shè)備的質(zhì)量不達(dá)標(biāo)

-有的設(shè)備沒有針對頁巖氣開發(fā)而優(yōu)化截止目前，我們在中國開發(fā)頁巖氣所觀察到的問題地質(zhì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)影響產(chǎn)量謝謝謝謝References參考文獻(xiàn)SPE153681–ShaleExplorationMethodologyandWorkflow,J.Pitcher,D.Buller,M.Mullen,2012SPE133874-ACompletionsGuideBooktoShale-PlayDevelopment:AReviewofSuccessfulApproachesTowardsShale-PlayStimulationintheLastTwoDecades,K.K.Chong,W.V.Grieser,A.Passman,C.H.Tamayo,N.Modeland,B.Burke,2010SPE115258–APracticalUseofShalePetrophysicsforStimulationDesignOptimization,R.Rickman,M.Mullen,B.Grieser,E.Petre2008References參考文獻(xiàn)SPE153681–SHalliburtonConsultingandProjectManagementServices咨詢和項(xiàng)目管理服務(wù)ProvidedconsultingservicestoNOCinTarimoilfieldinthelast5years過去5年以來，為塔里木油田的國家油氣公司提供咨詢服務(wù)CurrentlypursuingconsultingopportunitiesinTarim,SichuanandChangQing.目前正在尋求塔里木、四川和長慶的咨詢機(jī)會HalliburtonConsultingandProHalliburtonLandmarkServices哈里伯頓Landmark服務(wù)MarketleaderinSoftwaressalesinChina在中國軟件銷售處于市場領(lǐng)先地位StronglocalsupportteamcoveringdifferentoilfieldinChina強(qiáng)大的本地團(tuán)隊(duì)，覆蓋中國各個油田PreferExplorationsoftwaresupplierofcustomerinChina在中國是勘探軟件最受客戶歡飲的提供商100%nationaliseworkforce.100%的本地團(tuán)隊(duì)28HalliburtonLandmarkServicesSperryDrillingSperry鉆井LongtermcontractstoprovideDD/MWD/LWDservicestoIOCsinBohaiandSouthChinaSea(DeepWater)具有為渤海和南海(深水)作業(yè)的國際油氣公司提供定向鉆井/隨鉆測量/隨鉆測井的長期合同ProvideDD/MWD/LWDservicestodifferentNOCsubsidiary向中國幾家國有油氣公司提供定向鉆井/隨鉆測量/隨鉆測井的服務(wù)ProvideMPDservicestoNOCinTarimsince2007自從2007年以來，向塔里木的國家油氣公司提供精細(xì)控壓鉆井Settheworlddeepestlevel4MLTjunctionin2010withanNOCinTarim.于2010年在塔里木與一家國有油氣公司完成了全球最深的4級多分支井ProvidedirectsalesofdrillingtoolstolocalservicecompaniesinChina.向中國本地公司提供鉆井工具直銷服務(wù)ComprehensivelistofdrillingtoolsincountrytosupportthedrillingneedsofChinesecustomers.在中國國內(nèi)擁有完備的鉆井工具系列，支持中國客戶的鉆井需求StrongengineeringsupportinCountry(bothintheofficeandinthefield)具備在中國國內(nèi)提供強(qiáng)大的工程支持的能力(包括辦公室及現(xiàn)場支持)RecogniseforoutstandingHSEperformancebyanIOCinChangbeiwithSperrybeingawarded“HSSEOutstandingContractorAward”in2010出色的HSE成績得到長北作業(yè)的一家國際油氣公司認(rèn)可，Sperry于2010年獲得該公司“HSSE杰出承包商獎”SperryDrillingSperry鉆井LongtHalliburtonCompletionTools哈里伯頓完井工具M(jìn)arketleaderinChinaforMidandhighendcompletionequipments.中高端完井設(shè)備在中國市場處于領(lǐng)先地位LongtermcontractwithIOCinBohaiandSichuan,在渤海和四川擁有國際油氣公司的長期合同ProvidecompletionequipmenttovariousNOCsubsidiaryinChina.為中國多家國有油氣公司的下屬公司提供完井設(shè)備StrongcoretechnicalsupportteambasedinBeijing,withtechnicalengineersalsolocatedinTanggu,ChengduandShekou.在北京擁有強(qiáng)大的核心技術(shù)支持團(tuán)隊(duì)，并在塘沽、成都和蛇口有工程師Establishproductlinewithgoodtrackrecords.建立了有良好業(yè)績記錄的產(chǎn)品線95%nationaliseworkforce.95%的員工為中國員工30HalliburtonCompletionTools哈BaroidDrillingFluidsBaroid泥漿服務(wù)LongtermcontractwithIOCinBohaiandSichuan在渤海和四川擁有國際油氣公司的長期合同ProvidedrillingfluidsservicestosomeoftheNOCbusinessinChina.為中國幾家國有油氣公司的業(yè)務(wù)提供鉆井液服務(wù)MudandBrineplantsetupinTanggutosupportBohaioperation.在塘沽建立了泥漿和鹽水廠支持渤海的作業(yè)SupplyOBMservicestothedeepestwelleverdrillinChinabyanNOC(locationinTarim).為中國一家國有油氣公司(位于塔里木)在中國鉆的最深的井提供油基泥漿服務(wù)SupplyOBMservicestomostofthehorizontalShalegaswellsdrilledbySinopecandPetroChina.為中國石化和中國石油大多頁巖氣水平井提供油基泥漿服務(wù)Experiencedengineeringstaff(bothlocalandexpat)擁有經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的工程技術(shù)人員(包括本地專家和外籍專家)BaroidDrillingFluidsBaroid泥CementingServices固井服務(wù)SupplycementingservicestoNOCandIOCinChina.為中國的國有油氣公司和國際油氣公司提供固井服務(wù)LongtermcontracttosupplycasingaccessoriestoanIOCinChangbeiandSichuan擁有為在長北和四川作業(yè)的一家國際油氣公司提供套管附件的長期合同ComprehensivecementinglaboratorysetupinKorlaandShekou.在庫爾勒和蛇口建立了功能齊全的固井實(shí)驗(yàn)室Cementedthe2ndhorizontalShalegaswellforSinopecEast.為中國石化華東公司提供了第二口頁巖氣水平井的固井服務(wù)GenerallyHalliburtonwillsupplyengineeringserviceandcementingmaterials,andlocalservicecompanieswillprovidecementingequipment(cementunit,cementheadetc).通常，哈里伯頓提供工程服務(wù)和固井材料，本地公司提供固井設(shè)備(水泥車、水泥頭等)CementingServices固井服務(wù)SupplyWirelinePerforatingServices電纜和射孔服務(wù)TraditionalBusinessmodelhasbeendirectsalesofloggingtoolstovariouslocalservicecompaniesinChina.傳統(tǒng)的業(yè)務(wù)模式是，向中國本地的服務(wù)公司直銷測井工具In2011startventuringintoprovisionofloggingservicesinChangQingOilfield(asasubcontractortoalocalservicecompany)2011年開始，(作為本地服務(wù)公司的分包商)，向長慶油田提供測井服務(wù)。UsedtoprovideperforatingservicestoanIOCinSouthChinaSeatilltheprojectwasreturnbacktotheNOC.曾長期為一家在南海作業(yè)的國際油氣公司提供射孔服務(wù)，直至該項(xiàng)目交還給中國國有油氣公司。WirelinePerforatingServicesHalliburtonDrillBitsServices哈里伯頓鉆頭服務(wù)SupplyPDCandTri-ConebitstoalargerangeofNOCandIOCinChina.向在中國的許多國有油氣公司和國際油氣公司提供PDC鉆頭和三牙輪鉆頭ConsiderasoneofthemarketleaderinPDCbitsinChina.被認(rèn)為是中國市場PDC鉆頭的領(lǐng)先公司之一Provideholeenlargementservice(XRReamer)toIOCinSouthChinaSea.為中國南海作業(yè)的一家國際油氣公司提供擴(kuò)眼服務(wù)(XR擴(kuò)眼鉆頭)LocaldrillbitsmanufacturingcentersetupinXinjiang(JVwithXibuDrilling).ThismanufacturingfacilityiscapableofproducingPDCdrillbitstosupplytheChinamarket.在新疆(與西部鉆井公司)建立了在中國本地的鉆頭制造中心，該制造中心可以生產(chǎn)PDC鉆頭，用于支持中國市場StrongtechnicalsupportteambasedinBeijing,100%nationalise在北京有一直強(qiáng)大的技術(shù)支持團(tuán)隊(duì)，員工100%為本地員工HalliburtonDrillBitsServiceHalliburtonTestingandSubseaServices測試和水下服務(wù)Predominantlyadirectsalesbusinesswithnoincountrysupportforservices.主要開展直銷業(yè)務(wù)，在國內(nèi)沒有支持和服務(wù)隊(duì)伍DirectsalesoftestingtoolstolocalservicecompaniesinChina.向在中國的本地公司提供測試工具直銷HalliburtonTestingandSubseaHalliburtonProductionEnhancementServices增產(chǎn)服務(wù)MarketleaderinSandcontrolservicestoanIOCinBohai,AcidizingservicestoanIOCinSichuan,andSurgifracservicestoanindependentCBMcompany.為渤海的一家國際油氣公司提供控砂服務(wù)的市場領(lǐng)先者，為四川的一家國際油氣公司提供酸化服務(wù)，為一家煤層氣公司提供分段壓裂服務(wù)Providemultistagefracturingservices(pinpointtechnologyforexample)todifferentNOCsubsidiariesinChina.為中國的幾家國有油氣公司提供多級壓裂服務(wù)(比如定點(diǎn)壓裂技術(shù))ProvidedmultistageShalegasfracturingservicestothreeNOChorizontalshalegaswells,resultofoneofthewellisthehighestflowShalegaswellinChinaYTD.為中國三家國有油氣公司的頁巖氣水平井提供多級壓力，其中一口井的頁巖氣日產(chǎn)量為迄今為止中國最高GenerallyHalliburtonwillsupplyengineeringservice,downholetools,materialsandsupervision,andlocalservicecompanieswillprovidepumpingequipment(fracpump,watertank,sandsilosetc)andpersonneltooperateit.通常，哈里伯頓提供工程服務(wù)、井下工具、材料和作業(yè)監(jiān)督，本地公司提供泵注設(shè)備(壓裂泵、液罐、砂罐等)及作業(yè)人員Strongincountryoperationandtechnicalteam,90%nationalise.在中國擁有一支強(qiáng)大的作業(yè)和技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)，90%為本地員工HalliburtonProductionEnhanceHalliburtonBoots&CootsServicesBoots和Coots服務(wù)Providemultistagefracturingservices(pinpointtechnologyforexample)todifferentNOCsubsidiaryinChina.向中國幾家國有油氣公司的下屬公司提供多級壓裂服務(wù)(如定點(diǎn)壓裂技術(shù))WorkedwiththePEdepartmenttoprovideCoilTubingservicesforfracturinguseonthe2NOChorizontalshalegaswell,ChinafirstShalegashorizontalwellsinChina.與增產(chǎn)部門協(xié)作，為中國頁巖氣水平井提供連續(xù)油管壓裂服務(wù)，已經(jīng)用于兩口頁巖氣水平井。PipelineservicessupporttocomeoutfromSingapore管道服務(wù)支持由新加坡提供HalliburtonBoots&CootsServUnconventionalPlayChallengesStructuralComplexcomparedtoothershaleplaysMultiplestackedsourcerockreservoirswithpotentialSubplaysorSweetSpotshaveyettobeidentifiedFluidsamplingforRw,CO2andHS2whichisinshallowerreservoirsCoreandCuttingsneededtobuildacalibratedpetrophysicalmodelStressorientationvariesandisstrikeslip,potentiallythruststressregimeNaturalFracturetrendsnotyetidentifiedStillverymuchinExplorationDataAcquisitionModeReservoir

Quality&DeliverabilityReservoirContinuityMineralogyHeterogeneityPermeabilityTotalOrganic

CarbonAnalogousFieldsGeomechanicUnderstandingFluidSamplingCore/CuttingsNaturalFracturesThermalMaturityPorosityKerogenTypeVerticalplayconceptconfirmedandrepeatable,butHorizontalhasyettobeprovedrepeatable.UnconventionalPlayChallengesUnconventionalPlayChallengesMulti-ZoneVerticalorMulti-StageHorizontalZone,Build,LengthandLandingPointifHorizontalStageandWellDrainageAreasOptimalCoverageAcceptableloadrecoveryDominantopenfracturestakingalltheenergyDFITs,ModelingandMonitoringProppantPackovertimeMaximizeWellProductivityWellTrajectory

Hyd.FracturePropertiesPostFracCleanUPWellArchitectureNumberofHydraulicFractures

EffectiveFractureHalf-LengthMultipleZonesConductivityEnduranceWellSpacingComplexFractureNetworkIntervalContributionPerforatingStrategyHorizontalsarewhatmultipleofVerticals?UnconventionalPlayChallengesUnconventionalPlayChallengesInsituPrincipalStressvectorsandD&CVerticalandHorizontalComponentsofHyd.FracturePressureandProductionForecastingStatisticalOptimizationofFluidVolume,ProppantConcentrationandRatePressureandProductionHistoryMatchingProductionDeclineCurveAnalysisPressureTransientAnalysisDiagenesisorShaleExtrusionImproveHydraulicFractureStimulationStressBarriersStressDirectionPostFractureEvaluationPre-FracEvaluationFracFluidDesignConductivityEnduranceMechanicalRockPropertiesStressAnisotropyHyd.FractureGeometryFracStagingTechniquesZoneSelectionMaterialSelectionOptimizingFracturesinaStressRegimewenormallywalkawayfrom.UnconventionalPlayChallengesUnconventionalPlayChallenges

OptimizeDrillingEfficiencyWellBoreIsolationGeomechanicUnderstandingWellPlacementMinimizeNPTReservoirDamageHoleInstabilityCasingDesignWellBoreIntegrityWellControlDrillingFluidPropertiesRe-entrywellsWellBoreRugosityFluid/PressureSamplesFindingtheEfficiencyFrontierfor#ofWellsandTDingcomplicationsfree.UnconventionalPlayChallengesUnconventionalPlayChallenges

OptimizeCompletionEfficiencyD&CFluidCompatibilityCompletionsDesignFracStagingTechniquesPerforatingZonalIsolationProductionMonitoringMechanicalStrengths/LoadsTemperatureMonitoringPressureMonitoringWellBoreCleanOutFindingtheEfficiencyFrontierforFlowCapacityEnhancementUnconventionalPlayChallengesUnconventionalPlayChallengesProductionSustainabilityFieldDevelopmentNumberofWellsTypeofWellsFieldTargetRateSurfaceFacilitiesProcurementLogisticsEconomicEstimatesPad/PlatformHSELeveragingScaleEconomiesandReducingInefficiencies~DrivingRateofReturnUnconventionalPlayChallenges開發(fā)時間30Years30年20Years20年10Years10年33years33年7years7年6years6年6years6年5years5年2years2年Barnett的開發(fā)歷程1970–5wellscompleted1981–1welldrilled(CO2FoamFrac)1984–11wellsdrilled(First750’Xf–XLGel,3ppgsandw/N2)1985–32wellsdrilled(First1500’Xf–XLGel,1mm#sand)1988–13wellsdrilled(DevelopmentinDentonCo)1991-FirstHorizontaltestwelldrilled1993–42wellsdrilled(Fracorientationtesting)1995–85wellsdrilled(LowerXLGelLoadingto20#,2Horiz.)1997–83wellsdrilled(LowerXLGelLoadingto12.5#,1stLSF)1999–211wellsdrilled(Incl.UpperBarnett,Refracprogram)2000–375wellsdrilled(Testingdensityinfill)2001–717wellsdrilled(Refracprog.of110wells)2002-941wellscompleted(3rdHorizontalwelldrilledoutsideofcore)2003–754wellscompleted2004-150horizontalwellscompleted2005-+600horizontalwellscompleted2006–1000horizontalwellscompleted2007-1500horizontalwellscompleted2008–Over8000Barnettcompletionstotal.開發(fā)時間30Years20Years10Years33案例分析-Eagleford25口井

~2Years頭45口中有10口顯示希望OptimizationInflection案例分析-Eagleford25口井~