英國(guó)文學(xué)作家-作品及主要特征風(fēng)格(吐血整理)

人書(shū)腦1.WilliamShakespeare莎士比亞1564-1616Threeperiods1.Historicalplays&comedies&earlytragediesRomeoandJuliet羅密歐與朱麗葉TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人;2.GreattragediesHamlet哈姆雷特/王子復(fù)仇記;Othello奧塞羅;KingLear李爾王;TheTragedyofMacbeth麥克白;TimonofAthens雅典的泰門(mén);；MeasureforMeasure惡有惡報(bào);3.Tragi-comediesTheTempest暴風(fēng)風(fēng)雨;RenaissanceShakespeariansonnet14行詩(shī)Notforanage,butforalltime.永垂不朽Quatrain成組句Couplet對(duì)偶句2John

Milton約翰·彌爾頓1608-1674(ThephasesofMilton'slifeparallelthemajorhistoricalandpoliticaldivisionsinStuartBritain.)Threeperiods:1.ShortpoemsL‘Allegro歡樂(lè)的人;IlPenseroso沉思的人;Comus科馬斯;Lycidas列西達(dá)斯;2.Pamphlets&tractsAreopagitica論出版自由;TheDefenseoftheEnglishpeople為英國(guó)人民聲辯;TheSecondDefenseoftheEnglishpeople再為英國(guó)人民聲辯;3.poemsParadiseLost失樂(lè)園;ParadiseRegained復(fù)樂(lè)園;SamsonAgonistes力士參孫FeaturesMilton'spoetryandprosereflect1.deeppersonalconvictions2.apassionforfreedomandself-determination3.theurgentissuesandpoliticalturbulence4.achievedinternationalrenownwithinhislifetime.SpecialFeatures1.Richandcomplextexture,multiplicityoftheclassical(Biblicalandmythological)references,wealthofornamentanddecoration2.Subjectsaremagnificent3.Thecharactersarehumanandbelievable4.Intheending,lifenotdeathistriumphantInfluenceRomanticpoetsWilliamBlakeandPercyShelley,whosawSatanastherealheroofthepoemandarebelagainstthetyrannyofHeaven........WinstonChurchill3Daniel

Defoe丹尼爾·迪福1660-17311.TheFatheroftheEnglishFiction2.firstimportantEnglishnovelist標(biāo)志著近代英國(guó)小說(shuō)的形成3.versatile多產(chǎn)的

FictionRobinsonCrusoe《魯賓遜漂流記》1719CaptainSingleton《辛格爾頓船長(zhǎng)》1720MollFlanders《摩爾·弗蘭德斯》1722AJournalofthePlagueYear《大疫年記事》1722Non-fictionTheShortestWaywiththeDissenters《消滅不同教派的捷徑》PoemsHymntothePillory《枷鎖頌》→wroteinprison.imitatedthelyricpoemofGreekpoetPindaros(品達(dá)羅斯).TheTrue-BornEnglishman《地道的英國(guó)人》1701→hisfirstironicpoem&themostsuccessfulpoem.Artisticfeatures:1.Dhadagiftfororganizingminutedetail---bothcredibleandfascinating.2.Hissentencesaresometimesshortandplain,sometimeslongandrambling---animpressionofcasualnarration.3.Hislanguageissmooth,easy,andmostlyvernacular地方的.everythingiscommonEnglishatitsbestinsteadofartificial..Hisnovelsenjoyapopularityamongmiddleclass.Theme1.Singsthepraisesoflabour2.Beautifiesthecolonialism3.ReflectstheaggressiveandbraveimageoftherisingEnglishbourgeoisie4.Belaudtheindividualism.5.Affirmthepowerofhuman,espciallytheforceofreason4JonathanSwift斯威夫特1667-1745(amasterofsatire)Dublin,IrelandTheBattleofBooks書(shū)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng);anattackonpedantry(買(mǎi)弄學(xué)問(wèn))ATaleofATub一個(gè)木桶的故事;1.intheformofaparable2.asatireuponallreligioussectsanattackonChristianityitselfGuilliver’sTravels格列佛游記Lilliput小人國(guó)--theTories(托利黨)&theWhigs(輝格黨)Brobdingnag大人國(guó)---asatireonEnglishlordsandladiesFlyingIsland飛島國(guó)---corruptedphilosophers&projectorsCountryoftheHorses智馬國(guó)---theconflictsofEnglishsocietyandpeopleAModestProposal一個(gè)溫和的建議Style:simple,clear,vigorouslanguage;directandpreciseprose;amastersatirist;deadlyirony&powerfulsatire.Swift’sArtisticFeatures1.SatireSwiftwasamanofgreatmoralintegrityandsocialcharm.Hissatireisusuallymaskedbyanoutwardgravityandanapparentearnestnesswhichrendershissatireallthemorepowerful.2.SimplicityandDirectnessSwiftisalwaysmostunsurpassedinthewriting.Hedefinedagoodstyleas“properwordsinproperplaces.”5HenryFielding亨利·菲爾丁1707-1754（英國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)的奠基者）Joseph

Andrews約瑟·安德魯傳--epistolarynovel書(shū)信體小說(shuō)MrJonathanWildtheGreat大偉人江奈生·魏爾德傳TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling湯姆·瓊斯;Amelia阿美利亞6RobertBurns彭斯1759-1796(thenationalpoetofScotland蘇格蘭民族詩(shī)人)PoemsintheScottishDialect蘇格蘭方言詩(shī)集Poems:TheTreeofLiberty自由村;ScotsWha-Hae蘇格蘭人;TheTwoDogs兩只狗;7WilliamBlake布萊克1757-1827(aprecursorofRomanticisminEnglishpoetry浪漫主義先驅(qū))SongsofInnocence天真之歌;SongsofExperience經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌；(simplewithoutbeingnaive;childlikewithoutbeingchildish;innocentwithoutbeinginsipid乏味）TheFrenchRevolution法國(guó)革命;TheMarriageofHeavenandHell天堂與地獄的婚姻;名詩(shī)：Lamb;London;TheTiger8WilliamWordsworth威廉·華茲華斯1770-1850（PoetLaureate桂冠詩(shī)人）(developedandcherishedaloveofnature)LyricalBallads抒情歌謠集（markthebreakwith18thcenturyclassicismandthebeginningofromanticisminEnglishpoetry）;TheSolitaryReaperComposeduponWestminsterBridgeTheme:NatureOrdinarypeopleOrdinarylifePreface:Algoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.9JaneAustin簡(jiǎn)·奧斯丁1775-1817Novels:PrideandPrejudice傲慢與偏見(jiàn);SenseandSensibility理智與情感;Emma愛(ài)瑪;MansfieldPark曼斯菲爾德公園;Persuasion勸導(dǎo)NorthangerAbbey諾桑覺(jué)Fragmentsandearlydrafts:LadySusanThewatsonsSanditon10GeorgeGordonByron喬治·拜倫1788-1824早期：HoursofIdliness懶散的時(shí)刻;EdinburghReviewEnglishBordsandScottishReviewers英國(guó)詩(shī)人與蘇格蘭評(píng)論家;CantoI，II，III長(zhǎng)詩(shī)：ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage恰羅德·哈羅德游記;HebrewMelodies歌謠集PrisonofChillonManfred曼弗雷德;Cain該隱DonJuan唐·璜名詩(shī)：SheWalksinBeauty她在美中行11PercyByssheShelley波西·比希·雪萊1792-1822QueenMab麥布女王;PrometheusUnbound解放了的普羅米修斯;TheCenci欽契;SongtotheMenofEngland致英國(guó)人民;TheMasqueofAnarchy專制魔王的化裝游行;OdetotheWestWind/aSkylark西風(fēng)/云雀頌;12JohnKeats約翰·濟(jì)茲1795-1821Firstwork:Endymion恩底彌翁;Well-knownpoets:Isabella伊莎貝拉;TheEveofSanitAgnes圣愛(ài)尼節(jié)前夜;OntheGrasshopperandCrickets蛐蛐和蟋蟀OdetoaNightingale夜鶯頌;ToAutumn秋頌;OdeonaGrecianUrn希臘古甕頌;Features:Hispoetryisalwayssensuous,colorfulandrichinimaginary.Keatshasthepowerofenteringthefeelingsofothers---eitherhumanoranimal.Hedeclaredthatwhenhesawabirdonthelawn,theenteredimaginativelyintothelifeofthebird.13CharlesDickens狄更斯1812-1870ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub匹克威克外傳;OliverTwist奧利弗·退斯特;AmericanNotes美國(guó)札記;MartinChuzzlewit馬丁·朱述爾維特;TheOldCuriosityShop老古玩店;DombeyandSon董貝父子;DavidCopperfield大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾;HardTimes艱難時(shí)世;ATaleofTwoCities雙城記;GreatExpectation遠(yuǎn)大前程Theme:Charlescontinuedtousehisbookstotellaboutthebadconditionsthattheworkingclassesandpoorpeoplehadtoliveunder.Hehopedthatbydoingthisthingswouldchangeforthegood,buttheyjustseemedtogetworse.AnalysisofD.C.1.It’sanadaptedaccountofDickens’ownlifefromchildhoodtoearlyadulthood.(5Aspects—C.P.)2.The1stpointofviewaddsmuchtotherealisticeffectsandsympathetictreatmentofcharacters.3.Thesuccessfulemploymentofchild’spointofview,bringsoutthetruthfulnessandgeniusesofDavid’sexperiencesandhisfeelings.14ThomasHardy哈代1840-1928Works:TheReturnoftheNative還鄉(xiāng);TheMayorofCasterbridge卡斯特橋市長(zhǎng);TessoftheD’urbervilles德伯家的苔絲;JudetheObscure無(wú)名的裘德史詩(shī)?。篢heDynasts統(tǒng)治者三部曲Threegroupsofhiswork:RomancesandFantasies;novelsofingenuity;novelsofcharacterandenvironmentAnalysisofTess1.FiercecriticismofthehypocriticalmoralityofsocietyandtheinhumanexploitationofthecapitalistswhoinvadedtheEnglishcountryanddestroyedthepeasantryfromtheroot.2.Tess:atypicalvictimofthesociety,apersonalandalsosocialtragedy.(poverty,society,twomen)3.Fateplaysanimportantrole.4.“Justicewasdone,andthePresidentoftheImmortalshadendedhissportwithTess.”Features1.Hisviewwasrathergloomyanddark,inevitableconflictsandtragedyofhumanlife.2.Hisworksarenotedfortherealisticpresentationoflifeandsocialcriticism.3.Heisagreatpainterofnature.(Wessex)4.Instyle,heisatraditionalistandheightensthelocalandregionalcolor.Theme:1.Thestrugglebetweenmenandhisenvironment,betweenaspiringhumanspiritandtheexternalinanimatenature.2.Commonworkingclasspeopleasheroesandheroines.Theyareusuallytragiconeswhoacquireself-consciousnessandquestionthefundamentalsofsociety.3.Strongelementsofnaturalismandcombinedwithatendencytowardssymbolism.15OscarWilde王爾德1856-1900(aestheticism唯美主義者)Artforart’ssake長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō):ThePictureofDorianGray道林·格雷的畫(huà)像童話：TheHappyPrinceandOtherTales快樂(lè)王子詩(shī)集：DePrafundis慘痛的呼聲;TheBalladofReadingGaol累丁獄之歌劇作：LadyWindermere’sFan溫德米爾夫人的扇子;AWomanofNoImportance一個(gè)無(wú)足輕重的婦女;AnIdealHusband理想丈夫;TheImportanceofBeingEarnest埃耐斯特的重要性“ArtforArt’sSake”1.Aspokesmanforaestheticism2.Belongedtodecadentschool3.Elementsofsocialprotestandcriticism16GeorgeBernardShaw蕭伯納1856-1950（NobelPrizeWinner）Artforeducation’ssake長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)：AnUnsocialSocialist業(yè)余社會(huì)主義者評(píng)論：QuintessenceofIbsenism劇本：Widoer’sHouses鰥夫的房產(chǎn);MrsWarren’sProfession華倫夫人的職業(yè)ArmsandthemanCandidaThemanofdynastyCaesarandCleopatraMajorBarbara巴巴拉少校Pygmalion劈克美梁;HeartbreakHouse傷心之家;TheAppleCart蘋(píng)果車;TooTruetobeGood真相畢露Artshouldservesocialpurposesbyreflectinghumanlife,revealingsocialcontradictionsandeducatingthecommonpeople.Features1.Structurallyandthematically,Shawfollowedthegreattraditionsofrealism.Withhiswitandloveofparadox,hemadefulluseofcomicsatireandbroughtanewkindofintelligencetothedrama.2.Shaw’slanguageiseasy,wittyandforceful.3.Actionisreducedtoaminimum,whilethedialogueandtheinterplayofthemindsofthecharactersmaintaintheinterestoftheaudience.17JamesJoyce喬伊斯1882-1941(thestreamofconsciousnesstechnique意識(shí)流大師)短篇小說(shuō)：Dubiners都柏林人長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)：APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan青年藝術(shù)家的畫(huà)像Ulysess尤利西斯;FinnegansWake芬尼根的覺(jué)醒個(gè)人成就之Joyce詹姆斯·喬伊斯（JamesJoyce,1882-1941），被認(rèn)為是繼莎士比亞后英語(yǔ)文學(xué)史上最偉大的作家，他在小說(shuō)領(lǐng)域取得的成就，代表著現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)的一座高峰。喬伊斯對(duì)小說(shuō)形式和內(nèi)容進(jìn)行的探索標(biāo)志著英國(guó)小說(shuō)史上的重大突破。他的意識(shí)流打破了以時(shí)間為順序的小說(shuō)模式，改變了傳統(tǒng)小說(shuō)的時(shí)空觀念；他對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的創(chuàng)造性運(yùn)用極大地豐富了英語(yǔ)的表意功能。18VirginiaWoolf沃爾芙1882-1941（BloomsburyGroup--progressivenewthinking）長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)：Jacob’sRoomMrsDall