中考英語(yǔ)句子成分專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)課件

句子的成分MembersoftheSentence句子的成分MembersoftheSentence1預(yù)習(xí)1）Iamastudent.2）Theyarefriends.3）Wewenttothemoviesyesterday.4）SheiswatchingTV.5）Heisgoingcampingnextweek.6）-WhereisLiLei?-HehasgonetoJapan.預(yù)習(xí)1）Iamastudent.2

句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。

主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主體部分。句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。組成句3主語(yǔ)

TheSubject

主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示句子所說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。主語(yǔ)一般在句首。

主語(yǔ)

TheSubject主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，4GinaisfromAustralia.LucyisanAmericangirl.Sheoftengoestothemovies.WestudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.Theclassroomisveryclean.Threeplusfiveequalseight.ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.→ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.★不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用形式主語(yǔ)it句型Gina,Lucy,She,We,Theclassroom,Threeplusfive,ToteachthemEnglishGinaisfromAustralia.5名詞

Noun（n.）

我們身邊存在著形形色色的人和物，它們都有自己的稱(chēng)呼，我們用來(lái)稱(chēng)呼它們的詞就是名詞。概括來(lái)說(shuō)表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念等的名稱(chēng)的詞都叫名詞。

如：

Tom,China,boy,door,pencil,peace名詞

Noun（n.）我們身邊存在著形形色色的人和6代詞

Pronoun（pron.）代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類(lèi)。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。用來(lái)代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞。如：we,that,his,what1．人稱(chēng)代詞２．物主代詞３．指示代詞代詞

Pronoun（pron.）代詞是代替名詞的7人稱(chēng)代詞人稱(chēng)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱(chēng)

I

me

we

us第二人稱(chēng)

you

you

you

you第三人稱(chēng)

he

she

it

him

her

it

they

them人稱(chēng)代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一8物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshisheritsoursyourstheirs中文我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他(她,它)們的物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人9指示代詞

表示“這個(gè)”、“那個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞用法例句this(these)一般用來(lái)指時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物Isthisyourpencil?Thesearemyfriends.that(those)常用來(lái)指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物Isthathisbook?Thosearemybrothers.指示代詞表示“這個(gè)”、“那個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”等指10謂語(yǔ)

ThePredicate

說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的詞）必須用動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在“人稱(chēng)”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致。謂語(yǔ)一般在主語(yǔ)后面。謂語(yǔ)

ThePredicate說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什11Wearebothquiet.Hehasatoothache.Hisparentsareteachers.Shelookswell.Westudyhard.Wehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakEnglish.arequiet;hasatoothache;areteachers;lookswell;study;havefinished;canspeakWearebothquiet.12表語(yǔ)

ThePredicative

說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)，和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。一般在系動(dòng)詞后面。表語(yǔ)

ThePredicative13Hermotherisabankclerk.Areyouready?Ourcountryisgettingstronger.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.Theyareathomenow.Mybookisonthedesk.Everybodyishere.abankclerk;ready;gettingstronger;younger;athome;onthedesk;hereHermotherisabankclerk.14賓語(yǔ)

TheObject

表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)，和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”。一般在謂語(yǔ)之后。

賓語(yǔ)

TheObject表示動(dòng)作、行15Allofuslikehim.He’splayingsoccer.CanIasksomequestions?Sheisplayingthepianonow.Heoftenhelpsme.Lucylikestosleepintheopenair.WeenjoylivinginChina.him;soccer;questions;thepiano;me;tosleep;livingAllofuslikehim.16定語(yǔ)

TheAttribute

用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。因?yàn)槊~、代詞既可做主語(yǔ)，又可做表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)的位置很靈活，凡有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)

TheAttribute用來(lái)17Ihavesomethingtodo.What’syourname,please?She’sagoodbasketballplayer.Thegirlbehindthetreeismysister.Thelittleboygavemeabigapple.Theblackbikeismine.Theymadepaperflower.todo;your;good;behindthetree;little,big;black;paperIhavesomethingtodo.18狀語(yǔ)

TheAdverbial

用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)。狀語(yǔ)

TheAdverbial用來(lái)19Peopleareallworkinghard.Beijingisnotverycoldinwinter.Hediditcarefully.Theywanttoseeherverybadly.Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.Suddenlyitbegantorain.Hesattheresmoking.all,hard;very,inwinter;carefully;badly;Withouthishelp;Suddenly;theresmokingPeopleareallworkinghard.20補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

英語(yǔ)中有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語(yǔ)后加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思?！百e語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”合稱(chēng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主要用來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)或身份，主要由形容詞、名詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞等充當(dāng)。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表21Ifounditverydifficulttofindwork.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.WefoundLilyoutwhenwearrived.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.Isawastrangerenterthebuilding.Ifyouletmego,Iwillmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen.verydifficult;broken;out;working;enterthebuilding;king;openIfounditverydifficulttof22

句子成分隨堂練習(xí)找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分

23LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.

Lastweek

I

went

tothesupermarket.

狀

主謂狀Theplaywasveryinteresting.

Theplay

was

very

interesting.

主系狀表Ican’thearaword.

I

can’thear

aword.主謂賓Theyweretalkingloudly.

They

weretalking

loudly.

主謂狀LastweekIwenttothesuperm24ItwasSunday.

It

was

Sunday.

主系表InevergetupearlyonSundays.

I

never

getup

early

onSundays.

主狀謂狀狀I(lǐng)lookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.

I

lookedat

theyoungmanandthe

主謂賓youngwoman

angrily.

賓狀I(lǐng)twasSunday.25Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.

I

read

afew

lines,but

I

didn’t

主謂定賓連主謂understand

aword.

謂賓Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.

Myholidays

passed

quickly,but

I

主謂狀連主didn’tsend

cards

tomyfriends.

謂賓狀I(lǐng)readafewlines,butIdidn’26Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.

I

gotup

early

and

bought

thirty

cards.

主謂狀連謂定賓HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.

He

isworking

forabigfirm

and

he

has

主謂狀連主謂already

visited

agreatnumberof

different

狀謂定定places

inAustralia.

賓定Igotupearlyandboughtthir27Hehasjustboughtacarandhasgone