Unit+1+Discovering+Useful+Structures+課件【知識精講精研】高中英語人教版（2019）必修第二冊

人教版（2019）必修二Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructuresDescribepeopleorthingsingreaterdetail

LearningobjectivesBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:1.summarizethefunctionsofrelativepronounandadverbs;2.describepeopleorthingsingreaterdetail.Lead-inReviewtheknowledgeaboutrestrictiverelativeclausesyouhavelearnt.restrictiverelativeclausesmodifyanounorpronounprovidespecificinformationcanbeintroducedbyrelativepronounsandadverbsthat,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why...1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.3.Thebuswhichhasjustleftwasthelastonetoday.4.Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?5.Thehotelwhere(=at/inwhich)westayedwasveryclean.6.That’sthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hemissedhisbus.Afterlisteningtothescientistswhohadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizenswholivednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputtogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.PresentationLookatthesentencesbelowandunderlinetherelativepronounsandadverbs.Findmoresentencescontainingrelativeclausesfromthetextonpage4.Therecomesatime_______theoldmustgivewaytothenew,...Waterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelics_______wereanimportantpartofEgypt’sculturalheritage.Afterlisteningtothescientists_________hadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizens_______livednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.Temples...andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplace_______theyweresafefromthewater.Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuture_______didnotrunovertherelicsofthepast......byUNESCO,_________runsaprogramme_________preventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.whenthatwhowhowherethatwhichthatFillintheblankswithproperrelativepronounsandadverbs.Discussinpairsaboutthemajorfunctionsoftherelativeclauses.Thenmakeashortsummaryinatableormindmap.關(guān)系詞詞形先行詞在句中的成分關(guān)系代詞who人主、賓whom人賓which物主、賓that人、物主、賓whose人、物定關(guān)系副詞when時間詞狀where地點詞狀why原因詞狀FunctionsofheadnounFunctionsofrelativepronounO-S先行詞在主句中作賓語關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語Ilikeateacher

whoinspireshis/herstudents.O-O先行詞在主句中作賓語關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語Ilikethebook

(that)youmentioned.S-S先行詞在主句中作主語關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語He

whomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.S-O先行詞在主句中作主語關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語Theman

(who)youmetismycousin.e.g.Weknewthescientistwhohadstudiedtheproblem.

（若把從句去掉，則不明白是哪位科學家。）定語從句限制性e.g.WeknewthephysicalscientistHawkins,whohadstudiedtheproblem.

（若把從句去掉，仍然知道是哪位科學家。）在意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果省略，所修飾的先行詞往往不明確，前面一般沒有逗號隔開。往往是對先行詞的附加說明，為先行詞提供補充信息，即使去掉，也不會影響先行詞的明確性，與主句之間常用逗號隔開。非限制性限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞的省略1.

作直接賓語時可以省略：Alanisamanwhoisstrictwithhimselfineverything

(that)

hedoes.

艾倫在做任何事情的時候都對自己嚴格要求。Theman(who/whom)yousawjustnowisthehead

ofourdepartment.

你剛才看到的那個人是我們部門的領(lǐng)導。2.作表語的關(guān)系代詞that可以省略：Isabelhaschanged.Sheisnolongerthelittlegirl(that)shewas.伊莎貝爾已經(jīng)變了。她再也不是以前那個小女孩了。3.在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞在介詞后雖作賓語，卻不能省略：DoyouknowanylibrariesfromwhichIcanborrowthisbook?你知道我能從哪個圖書館借到這本書嗎？關(guān)系代詞宜用that不用which的情況1.

當先行詞是all，much，anything，something，everything，nothing，little，few等不定代詞時：Therewasnotmuch

(that)wecoulddowhenitwasraining.

下雨的時候我們能做的事不多。Thatisall

thatworks.

這就是所有的工作。2.當先行詞為序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級，或被序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級修飾時：ThefirstEnglishnovel

thatIreadwasTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.我讀的第一本英文小說是《湯姆·索亞歷險記》。ThisisthemostbeautifulscenerythatIhaveseensofar.這是我目前見過的最美的風景。關(guān)系代詞宜用that不用which的情況3.

當先行詞被all，no，few，any，little，thesame，thelast，theonly，thevery等修飾時：I’vereadallthebooksthatmymotherboughtforme.

我已經(jīng)讀完了媽媽買給我的所有書。Thisistheverybook(that)

Iwanttoread.

這正是我想讀的書。4.當先行詞既有人又有物時：Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.我們所有人都欽佩你告訴我的那位科學家和他所取得的成就。關(guān)系代詞宜用which不用that的情況1.

在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時：Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?

這就是你花高價買的那輛車嗎？2.當有兩個并列的定語從句時，其中前一個從句的關(guān)系代詞用that，后一個宜用which：LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.我給你看一本我從新開放的圖書館里借的小說。關(guān)系代詞宜用who不用that的情況先行詞是指人的不定代詞時，如one，ones，anyone，everyone，everybody，someone等，或先行詞為those且指人時：Theperson

whoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.

買了房子或搬家的人是舉辦派對的人。Thosewhodaretobreakthelawwillbepunished.

那些膽敢違反法律的人將會受到懲罰。關(guān)系代詞作動詞的間接賓語的情況1.關(guān)系代詞作動詞的間接賓語時，用to或for。例如：

Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflowerto?Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflower?2.無關(guān)系代詞時，也要用to或for。例如：TheladyIwrotethepoemfor

wasmysister.

我為她寫詩的那個女人是我姐姐?！敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句的注意事項1.正式英語中，介詞可置于從句之首，whom或which之前。但不可置于who或that之前：Thisisthegreatwritertowhomourteacherwasreferring.這就是我們老師提到的那位偉大的作家。Heaskedaquestiontowhichtherewasnoanswer.他問了一個無人回答的問題。2.定語從句的謂語如果是以介詞結(jié)尾的短語動詞，則不可把介詞移至從句之首，常見的此類短語有l(wèi)ookfor，listento，lookafter，takecareof等：Hereceivedtheemailhewaslookingforwardto.他收到了他期待的電子郵件。Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.

這就是我正在找的那塊表。Step1

明確主句和從句。Step2

找到先行詞，確定它在主句中的功能。Step3

根據(jù)先行詞和關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在從句中的功能，

確定使用哪個關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。EXAMPLEIhavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.→Thefreeapp(which/that)Ihavedownloadeddoesn’tworkwell.一般出現(xiàn)兩次的詞就是先行詞。PracticeRewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.1.Heshowedmeaphotoinhisroom.ItwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.→

Thephoto_______________________________________________________________2.TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.→

Theprojectteam__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.→

Thetime_________________________________________________________________(which/that)heshowedmeinhisroomwasofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.

whosememberswerefromfifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.whenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynasty.Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.4.WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.→

Theprofessionalarchaeologist_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.→

Theplace_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplebecausetheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.→

Thereason______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(who/whom)wemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.whereIfoundthedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasyesterdayisunderthedesk.

whyscientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetempleisthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.Workbookwho

whom

whose

thatwhich

when

where

why1.Thatisthesite________they

discoveredcavesfullofBuddhastatues.2.Doesanybodyknowthereason

________herefusedtosignthedocument?3.Sueisthepersonto

________Isent

thetextmessageyesterday.4.Mybrotherworksinacafé

________

top-qualityItalianfoodisserved.5.Thisisthearchaeologist

________

discoveredtheIncaruins.6.Onthewayhome,hehelpedayoungman

________carhadbrokendown.7.Tasmaniaisthemostunforgettableplace

_________

Ihaveeverbeento.8.InEuropeancountries,theweekendisusuallyatime

________nobodygoestowork.9.Thisisthestoryin__________thevaluableblueandwhiteporcelainvasefromtheMingDynastywasfinallyreturnedtoitsowner.wherewhywhomwherewhowhosethat/whichwhenwhichChoosethecorrectwordstofillintheblanks.1.Lastwinterwesawthewell-preserved

templeforthefirsttime.Iwillrememberitforever.

___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.ImetaGermanscientistatthepartylast

week.Heislikelytobeworkinginourcity._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Thisisthebookshop.

Ifoundabookabout

LiangSicheng’scontributiontoprotectingChina’sculturalheritageinit._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Iwillrememberforeverthetimelastwinterwhenwefirstsawthewell-preservedtemple.（我會永遠記得去年冬天的那一刻，就在那一刻我們第一次看到那座保存完好的寺廟。）ImetaGermanscientistwhoislikelytobeworkinginourcityatthepartylastweek.（上周的聚會上我遇到了一位德國科學家，這位科學家可能會在我們城市工作。）ThisisthebookshopwhereIfoundabookaboutLiangSicheng’scontributiontoprotectingChina’sculturalheritage.（這就是那家書店，我在里面找到了一本書，書中講述了梁思成對中國文化遺產(chǎn)保護所做出的貢獻。）Jointhetwosentencesusingrelativeclauses.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.4.Theboy’sproposalwashelpfulandpractical.Mostofthestudentsagreedwithhim.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________5.Hedoesnotidentifyhappinesswithmoney.

Thatisthereason.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.Thecommitteewasestablishedlastyear.It

playsanimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thatisthereasonwhyhedoesnot

identifyhappinesswithmoney.

（這就是他不把幸福等同于金錢的原因。）Mostofthestudentsagreedwiththe

boywhoseproposalwashelpfulandpractical.

（多數(shù)學生都贊同那個男孩，認為他的建議既有用又可行。）Thecommitteewhichwasestablished

lastyearplaysanimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection.（去年成立的委員會在環(huán)境保護方面發(fā)揮了重要的作用。）Jointhetwosentencesusingrelativeclauses.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.1.Thisisthemonthduringwhichwe’dliketo

travelaround.

___________________________________________________________________2.Shegavealectureinthehallinwhich

we

interviewedafamousBeijingoperaactorlastweek.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Lillianworksinagovernmentofficein

whichtherearemanydifferentdepartments.___________________________________________________________________4.FindingajobasahistoryteacherinanotherschoolwasthereasonforwhichImoved.___________________________________________________________________Thisisthemonthwhenwe’dliketo

travelaround.Shegavealectureinthehallwhere

weinterviewedafamousBeijingoperaactorlastweek.Lillianworksinagovernmentoffice

wheretherearemanydifferentdepartments.Findingajobasahistoryteacherin

anotherschoolwasthereasonwhyImoved.Rewritethesentencesbyreplacingprep+which/whomwithwhen/how/where/why.5.Summeristheseasoninwhichitisbestto

practiseoutsidewithyourteam.

___________________________________________________________________6.TheLongmenGrottoesweretheplacein

whichImetthefamousartistwhoshowedmemanyofhispaintingsanddigitalphotos.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.Ireliedonmycaruntilitbrokedownatthe

placeatwhichthethreeroadsmet.___________________________________________________________________8.Itisatimeatwhichthesunbeginstosetandthemoonbeginstorise.Helikestotakephotosfromtheroofofhishouse.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Summeristheseasonwhenitisbest

topractiseoutsidewithyourteam.TheLongmenGrottoesweretheplace

whereImetthefamousartistwhoshowedmemanyofhispaintingsanddigitalphotos.Ireliedonmycaruntilitbrokedown

attheplacewherethethreeroadsmet.Helikestotakephotosfromtheroof

ofhishouseatatimewhenthesunbeginstosetandthemoonbeginstorise.Rewritethesentencesbyreplacingprep+which/whomwithwhen/how/where/why.1.Nooneknowsforcertainhowtheislanders

transportedthestatues,theywereextremelylargeandheavy.

___________________________________________________________________2.Peopledoubtthattheyweredragged

(牽引)

overtheland,thatissorough.___________________________________________________________________3.Somepeoplethinkthattheislandersused

largetoolsthatismadeofstrongwood.___________________________________________________________________4.Thewoodformakingthetoolsprobablycamefrombigtrees,itdidnotexistontheisland.___________________________________________________________________5.Somepeopleclaimthatunknownbeings

fromspacemovedthestatues,theyaresoheavy.

___________________________________________________________________whichwhichwerewhichwhichwereThelargestonestatuesonEasterIslandremainamysterytous.Readabouttheirhistoryandcorrectthemistakesinthetext.6.Accordingtotheislanders,

thefinished

statuesweremovedbythosehadmagicpowers.___________________________________________________________________7.Itissaidthatthestatueswerecarvedduring

thesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,whentheislandwasruledbyamysterioussocietythen.___________________________________________________________________8.TheDutchvisitedtheislandin1722thetimethesocietythathadmadethestatueshaddisappeared.___________________________________________________________________9.TheDutchwantedtogetsuppliesonthisislandwheretherew