中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化知識(shí)表達(dá)匯總（詞+句+篇）

中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化英文表達(dá)第一部分中國(guó)節(jié)日一、春節(jié)SpringFestival⑴Itfallsonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth（陰歷正月）.⑵Peoplefollowmanynationalandlocalcustoms.⑶Wepastespringpoems(貼春聯(lián))withluckwordsonthedoor.⑷Weeatdeliciousfoodwithsymbolicvalues（有象征意義的美味食品），forexample,chickenforgoodluck.⑸Weexchangegreetingswithfriendsandrelatives.⑹Peoplemaygivechildrenluckymoneyinredpaper.⑴陰歷的正月初一是春節(jié)。⑵人們延續(xù)很多傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。⑶我們?cè)陂T(mén)上貼春聯(lián)。⑷我們吃有象征意義的美味食品，比如雞肉。⑸我們相互拜年問(wèn)候。⑹人們給小孩壓歲錢(qián)。二、元宵節(jié)theLanternFestival⑴Itcomesonthe15thofthefirstlunarmonth.⑵ItmarkstheendoftheSpringFestival.⑶Onthatday,peopleeatsweetdumplingsforgoodluck.⑷Specialactivitiesincludethedisplayoflanterns（燈籠）andriddlesolving（猜燈謎）.⑴元宵節(jié)在農(nóng)歷的正月十五。⑵它標(biāo)志著春節(jié)的結(jié)束。⑶那一天，人們吃湯圓，以求吉祥如意。⑷有些特色的活動(dòng)，比如觀燈、猜燈謎。三、清明節(jié)Tomb-SweepingDay⑴ItisalsocalledTomb-SweepingDay.ItcomesonApril4thor5th.⑵InChineseQingmingmeans“clearandbright”.⑶Itisadayforthelivingtoshowloveandrespecttodeadfrends,relativesandancestors.⑷Peoplewillsweepthetombs,lightincense,putmeats,vegetables,wineinfrontofthetomb.⑸Besides,peopleburnpapermoneyforthedeadtouseinafterlife.⑴清明節(jié)也叫“掃墓節(jié)”，實(shí)在4月4日或5日。⑵在漢語(yǔ)中“清明”是“clearandbright”的意思。⑶那一天寄托了對(duì)死去的親朋好友和祖先的感情和尊敬。⑷人們?cè)谀骨皰吣?、點(diǎn)香燭、放上酒肉等。⑸除此之外，人們燒紙錢(qián)，供他們?cè)谒篮笫褂谩Ｋ摹⒍宋绻?jié)DragonBoatFestival⑴Itisonthefifthofthefifthlunarmonth.⑵Ithonorsthefamousancientpoet,QuYuan.⑶Peoplegathertowatchthecolorful“DragonBoatRaces”(龍舟比賽).⑷Peopleeatricedumplingsonthatday.⑴端午節(jié)在農(nóng)歷五月初五。⑵端午節(jié)是為了紀(jì)念古代詩(shī)人——屈原。⑶人們聚在一起看龍舟比賽。⑷人們?cè)谀且惶斐贼兆?。TheDragonBoatFestivalisoneofthreemajorChineseholidays,alongwiththeSpringandMoonFestivals.Ofthethree,itispossiblytheoldest,datingbacktotheWarringStatesPeriodin227B.C.ThefestivalcommemoratesQuYuan,aministerintheserviceoftheChuEmperor.Despairingovercorruptionatcourt,Quthrewhimselfintoariver.Townspeoplejumpedintotheirboatsandtriedinvaintosavehim.Then,hopingtodistracthungryfishfromhisbody,thepeoplescatteredriceonthewater.端午節(jié)與春節(jié)和中秋節(jié)并列為中國(guó)三大節(jié)日。這三個(gè)節(jié)日中，它可能是最古老的一個(gè)，可以追溯到公元前227年的戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代。這個(gè)節(jié)日是為了紀(jì)念楚國(guó)的大夫屈原，他因?yàn)閷?duì)朝廷的貪污腐敗感到絕望而投河自盡。鎮(zhèn)上的人紛紛沖上船去救他，卻沒(méi)有成功。后來(lái)大把米撒到水里，希望把饑餓的魚(yú)群從他的軀體邊引開(kāi)。Overtheyears,thestoryofQu’sdemisetransformedintothetraditionsofracingdragonboatsandeatingzongzi-akindofricewrappedinbambooleaves.多年以后，屈原逝世的故事逐漸演變成賽龍舟和吃粽子(一種包在竹葉中的米食)的傳統(tǒng)。端午節(jié)起源⑴In278BC,heheardthenewsthatQintroopshadfinallyconqueredChu’scapital,sohefinishedhislastpieceHuaiSha(EmbracingSand)andplungedhimselfintotheMiluoRiver,Claspinghisarmstoalargestone.thedayhappenedtobethe5thofthe5thmonthintheChineselunarcalendar.Afterhisdeath,thepeopleofChucrowdedtothebankoftherivertopaytheirrespectstohim.Thefishermensailedtheirboatsupanddowntherivertolookforhisbody.Peoplethrewintothewaterzongzi（pyramid-shapedglutinousricedumplingswrappedinreadorbambooleaves）andeggstodivertpossiblefishorshrimpfromattackinghisbody.Anolddoctorpouredajugofrealgarwine(Chineseliquorseasonedwithrealgar)intothewater,hopingtoturnallaquaticbeastsdrunk.That’swhypeoplelaterfollowedthecustomssuchasdragonboatracing,eatingzongzianddrinkingrealgarwineonthatday.公元前278年，當(dāng)他聽(tīng)到秦國(guó)軍隊(duì)已經(jīng)攻破楚國(guó)國(guó)都的消息后，寫(xiě)完最后一篇詩(shī)篇《懷沙》后抱石投汩羅江自盡。這一天正是農(nóng)歷五月初五。他死后，楚國(guó)人民跑到河岸來(lái)悼念他，漁民們劃船遍河尋找他的尸體。人們把粽子和雞蛋投入水中防止魚(yú)蝦傷害他的身體。一位老郎中還把一壹雄黃灑倒入水中，希望能藥暈昏蛟龍水獸。這就是后來(lái)人們?yōu)槭裁丛谶@一天賽龍舟，吃粽子，喝雄黃酒。⑵Dragonboatracingisanindispensablepartofthefestival,heldalloverthecountry.Asthegunisfired,peoplewillseeracersindragon-shapedpullingtheoarsharmoniouslyandhurriedly,accompaniedbyrapiddrums,speedingtowardtheirdestination.FolktalessaythegameoriginatesfromtheactivitiesofseekingQuYuan’sbody.賽龍舟是這個(gè)節(jié)日不可工缺的一部分。當(dāng)發(fā)令槍打響后，人們就能看到坐在龍舟的賽手們?cè)诩贝俟狞c(diǎn)的伴隨下齊心協(xié)力搖槳駛向他們的目的地。民間故事說(shuō)這個(gè)賽事的起源是尋找屈原的尸體。⑶ZongziisanessentialfoodoftheDragonBoatFestival.ItissaidthatpeopleatethemintheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476BC).Inearlytime,itwasonlyglutinousricedumplingswrappedinreedorotherplantleavesandtiedwithcoloredthread,butnowthefillingsaremorediversified,includingjujubeandbeanpaste,freshmeat,andhamandeggyolk,Iftimepermit,peoplewillsoakglutinousrice,washreedleavesandwrapupzongzithemselves.Otherwise,theywillgotoshopstobuywhateverstufftheywant.ThecustomofeatingzongziisnowpopularinNorthandSouthKorea,JapanandSoutheastAsiannations.粽子是端午的一種必備食品，所說(shuō)人們?cè)诖呵飼r(shí)代就開(kāi)始吃它（公元前770-476年）。最開(kāi)始是，它只是用箬葉和彩線包起來(lái)的糯米。但是現(xiàn)在在填充物就很豐富了，有棗子和豆沙的，鮮肉的，還有火腿蛋黃的。如果時(shí)間允許，人們會(huì)自己泡糯米，洗箬葉，包粽子。一然他們變會(huì)到商店買(mǎi)來(lái)自己想吃的粽子?，F(xiàn)在粽子的習(xí)俗已經(jīng)風(fēng)靡朝鮮、南韓、日本以及東南亞各國(guó)。五、中秋節(jié)Mid-AutumnFestival⑴Itisonthe15thoftheeighthlunarmonth.⑵Peoplegazeat（觀賞）the“LadyintheMoon”(嫦娥),eatmooncakesforfamilyreunionandhappiness.⑴中秋節(jié)在農(nóng)歷的八月十五。⑵人們?cè)谀且惶旒胰藞F(tuán)圓，一起賞月、吃月餅。中秋節(jié)起源⑴Folkloreabouttheoriginofthefestivalgolikethis:Inremoteantiquity,thereweretensunsrisinginthesky,whichscorchedallcropsanddrovepeopleintodirepoverty.AheronamedHouYiwasmuchworriedaboutthis,heascendedtothetopoftheKunlunMountainand,directinghissuperhumanstrengthtofullextent,drewhisextraordinarybowandshotdowntheninesuperfluoussunsoneafteranother.Healsoorderedthelastsuntoriseandsetaccordingtotime.Forthisreason,hewasrespectedandlovedbythepeopleandlotsofpeopleofidealsandintegritycametohimtolearnmartialartsfromhim.ApersonnamedPengMenglurkedinthem.相傳，遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)候天上有10個(gè)太陽(yáng)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，曬得莊稼枯死，民不聊生，一個(gè)名叫后羿的英雄，力大無(wú)窮，他同情受苦的百姓，登上昆侖山頂，運(yùn)足神力，拉開(kāi)神弓，一氣射下9個(gè)太陽(yáng)，并嚴(yán)令最后一個(gè)太陽(yáng)按時(shí)起落，為民造福。后羿因此受到了百姓的尊敬和愛(ài)戴，不少志士慕名前來(lái)投師學(xué)藝，心術(shù)不正的蓬蒙也混了進(jìn)來(lái)。⑵HouYihadabeautifulandkindheartedwifenamedChangE.onedayinhiswaytotheKunlunMountaintocallonfriends,heranupontheEmpressofHeavenWangmuwhowaspassingby.EmpressWangmupresentedtohimaparcelofelixir,bytakingwhich,itwassaid,onewouldascendimmediatelytoheavenandbecomeacelestialbeing.HouYi,however,hatedtopartwithhiswife.SohegavetheelixirtoChangEtotreasureforthetimebeing.ChangEhidparcelinatreasureboxatherdressingtablewhen,unexpectedly,itwasseenbyPengMeng.后羿有一個(gè)美麗的妻子叫“嫦娥”，一天后羿到昆侖山訪友求道，巧遇由此經(jīng)過(guò)的王母娘娘，便向王母娘娘求得一包一死藥。所說(shuō)，服下此藥，即刻升天成仙。然而，后羿舍不得撇下妻子，只好暫時(shí)把不死藥交給嫦娥珍藏。嫦娥將藥藏進(jìn)梳妝臺(tái)的百寶匣里，不料被小人蓬蒙看見(jiàn)了。⑶OnedaywhenHouYiledhisdisciplestogohunting,PengMeng,swordinhand,rushedintotheinnerchamberandforcedChangEtohandovertheelixir,AwarethatshewasunabletldefeatPengMeng,ChangEmadeapromptdecisionatthatcriticalmoment.Sheturnedroundtoopenhertreasurebox,tookuptheelixirandswalloweditinonegulp.Assoonassheswallowedtheelixirherbodyfloatedofftheground,dashedoutofthewindowandflewtowardsheaven.PengMengescaped.一天，后羿眾徒外出狩獵，蓬蒙手持寶劍闖入內(nèi)宅后院，威逼嫦娥交出不死藥。嫦娥知道自己不是蓬蒙的對(duì)手，危急之時(shí)她當(dāng)機(jī)立斷，轉(zhuǎn)身打開(kāi)百寶匣，拿出不死藥一口吞了下去。嫦娥吞下藥，身子立刻飄離地面、沖出窗口，向天上飛去。蓬蒙便借機(jī)逃走了。⑷WhenHouYireturnedhomeatdark,heknewfromthemaidservantswhathadhappenedOvercomewithgrief,HouYilookedupintothenightskyandcalledoutthenameorhisbelovedwifewhen,tohissurprise,hefoundthatthemoonwasespeciallyclearandbightandnoittherewasaswayingshadowthatwasexactlylikehiswife.Hetriedhisbesttochaseafterthemoon.Butasheran,themoonretreated;ashewithdrew,themooncameback.Hecouldnotgettothemoonatall.傍晚，率眾徒回到家，侍女們哭訴了白天發(fā)生的事。后羿氣得捶胸頓足，悲痛欲絕，仰望著夜空呼喚愛(ài)妻的名字，這時(shí)他驚奇發(fā)現(xiàn)，今天的月亮格外皎潔明亮，而且有個(gè)晃動(dòng)的身影酷似嫦娥。他拼命朝月亮追去，可是他追三步，月亮退三步。他退三步，月亮進(jìn)三步，無(wú)論怎樣也追不到跟前。⑸Thinkingofhiswifedaynight,HouYithenhadanincensetablearrangedinthebackgardenthatChangEloved.PuttingonthetablesweetmeatsandfreshfruitsChangEenjoyedmost,HouYiheldatadistanceamemorialceremonyforChangEwhowassentimentallyattachedtohiminthepalaceofthemoon.WhenpeopleheardofthestorythatChangEhadturnedintoacelestialbeing,theyarrangedtheincensetableinthemoonlightoneafteranotherandprayedkindheartedChangEforgoodfortuneandpeace.Fromthenonthecustomofworshipingthemoonspreadamongthepeople.后羿無(wú)可奈何，又思念妻子，只好派人到嫦娥喜愛(ài)的后花園里，擺上香案，放上她平時(shí)最?lèi)?ài)吃的蜜食鮮果，遙祭在月宮里眷戀著自己的嫦娥。百姓們聞知嫦娥奔月成仙的消息后，紛紛在月下擺設(shè)香案，向善良的嫦娥祈求吉祥平安。⑹Peopleindifferentplacesfollowvariouscustoms,butallshowtheirloveandlongingforabetterlife.中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗很多，形式也各不相同，但都寄托著人們對(duì)生活無(wú)限的熱愛(ài)和對(duì)美好生活的向往。六、七夕節(jié)QiqiaoFestival（theChineseValentine’sDay）⑴ThegranddaughteroftheGoddessofHeavenvisitedtheearth.HernamewasZhinu,theweavinggirl.⑵WhileshewasonearthshemetherherdboyNiulangandtheyfellinlove.Theygotmarriedsecretly,andtheywereveryhappy.⑶WhentheGoddessofHeavenknewthathergranddaughterwasmarriedtoahuman,shebecameveryangryandmadetheweavinggirlreturntoheaven.Niulangtriedtofollowher,buttheriverofstars,theMilkWay,stoppedhim.⑷FindingthatZhinuwasheart-broken,hergrandmotherfinallydecidedtoletthecouplecrosstheMilkWaytomeetonceayear.⑸Magpiesmakeabridgeoftheirwingstothecouplecancrosstherivertomeetontheseventhdayoftheseventhlunarmonth.⑹PeopleinChinahopethattheweatherwillbefineonthatday,becauseifitisraining,itmeansthatZhinuisweepingandthecouplewon’tbeabletomeet.⑴王母娘娘的外孫女下凡來(lái)到人間。她的名字叫織女。⑵在人間，她見(jiàn)到了牛郎，并且相愛(ài)。秘密結(jié)婚后，他們快樂(lè)的生活在一起。⑶當(dāng)王母娘娘知道她的孫女嫁給了一個(gè)凡人，非常生氣。她讓織女返回天庭，牛郎緊跟不舍，但是卻被銀河擋住了。⑷看到織女傷心欲絕，王母娘娘最后決定讓這對(duì)夫妻每年跨過(guò)銀河相會(huì)一次。⑸農(nóng)歷的七月初七，這對(duì)夫妻在鵲橋上相會(huì)。⑹人們希望那天的天氣好，因?yàn)槿绻掠?，意味著織女在流淚，他們沒(méi)能相會(huì)。七、情人節(jié)Valentine’sDayDate約會(huì)Bunch花束Rose玫瑰Candy糖果Chocolate巧克力Forget-Me-Not勿忘我PuppyLove/FirstLove初戀CuteMeet浪漫的邂逅FallInLove墜入愛(ài)河LoveAtTheFirstSight一見(jiàn)鐘情Propose求婚ValentineCards情人節(jié)卡片CandlelightDinner燭光晚餐Heart-Shaped/Cordate心形的Truelove真愛(ài)Enamored傾心的第二部分中國(guó)文化元素一、長(zhǎng)城（TheGreatWall）TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworldthatcreatedbyhumanbeings!IfyoucometoChinawithoutclimbingtheGreatWall,it'sjustlikegoingPariswithoutvisitingtheEiffelTower;orgoingtoEgyptwithoutvisitingthePyramids!Menoftensay,"HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman."Infact,itbeganasindependentwallsfordifferentstateswhenitwasfirstbuilt,anddidnotbecomethe"GreatWall"untiltheQinDynasty.However,thewallweseetoday,startingfromShanhaiguanPassintheeasttoJiayunguanPassinthewest,wasmostlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty.長(zhǎng)城是人類(lèi)創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國(guó)卻沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城，就想到了巴黎沒(méi)有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒(méi)有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說(shuō)：“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢?！睂?shí)際上，長(zhǎng)城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后才將其連城長(zhǎng)城。然而，今天我們看到的長(zhǎng)城——東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)——大部分都是在明代修建的。二、餃子（Dumplings）DumplingsareoneoftheChinesepeople’sfavoritetraditionaldishes.AccordingtoanancientChineselegend,dumplingswerefirstmadebythemedicalsaintZhangZhongjing.Therearethreestepsinvolvedinmakingdumplings:1)makedumplingwrappersoutofdumplingflour;2)preparethedumplingstuffing;3)makedumplingsandboilthem.Withthinandelasticdoughskin,freshandtenderstuffing,delicioustaste,anduniqueshapes,dumplingsarewortheatinghundredsoftimes.There’sanoldsayingthatclaims,“Nothingcouldbemoredeliciousthandumplings”.DuringtheSpringFestivalandotherholidays,orwhentreatingrelativesandfriends,Chinesepeopleliketofollowtheauspiciouscustomofeatingdumplings.ToChinesepeoplewhoshowhighreverenceforfamilylove,havingdumplingsatthemomenttheoldyearisreplacedbythenewisanessentialpartofbiddingfarewelltotheoldandusheringinthenewyear.餃子是深受中國(guó)人民喜愛(ài)的傳統(tǒng)食品。相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。餃子的制作是包括：1）搟皮2）備餡3）包餡水煮三個(gè)步驟。其特點(diǎn)是皮薄餡嫩，味道鮮美，形狀獨(dú)特，百食不厭。民間有“好吃不過(guò)餃子”的俗語(yǔ)。中國(guó)人接親待客、逢年過(guò)節(jié)都有包餃子吃的習(xí)俗，寓意吉利。對(duì)崇尚親情的中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，“更歲交子”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內(nèi)容。三、筷子（ChineseChopsticks）TheChinesewayofeatingwithchopsticksisuniqueintheworld.Therecordedhistoryofchopsticksstartedmorethanthreethousandyearsago.ChopstickswerenamedzhuinancientChinese.Theylookdeceptivelysimpletouse,butpossessmulti-variousfunctions,suchasclamping,turningover,liftingup,raking,stirring,scooping,poking,tearing,andsoon.ChopsticksweretakenasanauspiciousmascotbyordinarypeopleinancientChina.Forexample,thepartialtoneofchopsticksisoftenusedbypeopleasametaphoratweddingstoindicateablessingorbenedictionforthecoupletohaveababysoon.Unlikeusingaknifeandforkorone’sownhands,apairofchopsticksalsoimpliesthemeaningof“Harmonyiswhatmatters”.ChopsticksarehighlypraisedbyWesternersasahallmarkofancientorientalcivilization.中國(guó)人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年。筷子古時(shí)稱(chēng)為箸，它看似簡(jiǎn)單，但卻同時(shí)具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功能。中國(guó)民間視筷子為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成雙結(jié)對(duì)的筷子含有“和為貴“的意蘊(yùn)。西方人贊譽(yù)筷子是古老的東方文明。【拓展1】TheStoryofChopsticks筷子的故事⑴ChopsticksareusedeverydayinChina.⑵NowI'dliketotakethisopportunitytosharetheirinterestinghistorywithyou.⑶Ithinkyou'llagreethatevenanordinaryitemusedindailylifecanhaveafascinatingstory.⑷AlthoughchopsticksoriginatedinChina,theyarewidelyusedinmanyAsiancountries.⑸Thefirstchopsticksweremadefromboneandjade.⑹IntheSpringandAutumnperiod,copperandironchopstickscameintobeing.⑺Inancienttimes,therichusedjadeorgoldchopstickstodisplaytheirwealth.⑻Manykingsandemperorsusedsilverchopstickstoseeiftheirfoodhadbeenpoisoned.⑼Chopsticksaretraditionallyplacedinbrides'dowries,because"chopsticks"inChineseispronounced"kuaizi",whichsoundslike"getasonsoon."⑽ManyforeignfriendstrytousechopstickswhentheyvisitChina.⑾EventheformerpresidentoftheUnitedStatesRichardNixon,usedchopsticksatthewelcomingbanquetheldinhishonor.⑿Assoonashelefthistable,aforeigndiplomatgrabbedhischopsticksasahistoricalsouvenir.⑴中國(guó)人每天都在使用筷子。⑵現(xiàn)在我想借這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)和大家一起聊一些有關(guān)于筷子歷史的有趣故事。⑶我想你會(huì)贊同即使是日常生活中一件小物品也會(huì)有其引人入勝的故事。⑷雖然筷子起源于中國(guó)，但現(xiàn)在很多的亞洲國(guó)家都在使用。⑸最早的筷子是用骨頭和玉制成的。⑹在春秋時(shí)代又出現(xiàn)了銅制和鐵制的筷子。⑺在古代，富人家用玉筷子或金筷子以顯示其家庭的富有。⑻許多帝王用銀制的筷子以檢查他們的食物中是否被人投了毒。⑼筷子在傳統(tǒng)上是被當(dāng)作新娘的嫁妝的，因?yàn)椤翱曜印痹跐h語(yǔ)中讀作“kuaizi”，聽(tīng)起來(lái)很像“快得兒子”。⑽許多外國(guó)朋友在訪問(wèn)中國(guó)的時(shí)候都使用筷子。⑾甚至是美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)尼克松在為其到來(lái)而舉辦的歡迎宴會(huì)上也使用了筷子。⑿他剛一離開(kāi)桌子，一名國(guó)外的外交人員就抓起了他的筷子，把它作為了具有歷史意義的紀(jì)念品?！就卣?】TheStoryofChopsticks筷子的故事⑴InancientChina,chopstickssignifiedfarlorethantoolsthattakefoodtothemouth;theyalsosignifiedstatusandrules,“can”and”can’t”.⑵DuringtheNorthernSongDynasty,anofficialnamedTangSuoncehaddinnerwiththeemperor.Hewasnotwellinformedinnobletableetiquetteandsolaiddownhischopstickshorizontallyonthetablebeforetheemperordid.Asaresult,hewasexpatriatedtoafrontierareaforpenalservitude.⑶Inancienteatingetiquette,therewereoveradozentaboosconcerningchopsticks.Forexample,theycouldnotbeplacedverticallyintoadish,asthiswasthewayofmakingsacrificestothedead.⑴在古代中國(guó)，筷子不僅僅是把食物送到口中的餐具，它被賦予了重要的內(nèi)涵和“能”和“不能”的規(guī)矩。⑵北宋朝時(shí)，一個(gè)叫唐肅的官員陪皇帝進(jìn)膳。他不了解用餐時(shí)使用筷子的禮儀，在皇帝還沒(méi)有吃完時(shí)，他把筷子橫放在桌子上，表示他不想再吃了。結(jié)果這位官員被發(fā)配邊疆。⑶在古代的飲食禮儀中，筷子的使用方法的禁忌有十多種。比如，忌將筷子豎直插入菜盤(pán)或飯碗中，因?yàn)檫@代表為死人上墳。四、中國(guó)功夫（Chinesekungfu）Chinesekungfu,orChinesemartialarts,carriestraditionalChinesecultureinabundance.ItisatraditionalChinesesportwhichappliestheartofattackanddefenceincombatandthemotionsengagedwithaseriesofskillandtricks.ThecoreideaofChinesekingfuisderivedfromtheConfuciantheoryofboth“themeanandharmony”and“cultivatingqi”(otherwiseknownasnourishingone’sspirit).Meanwhile,italsoincludesthoughtsofTaoismandBuddhism.Chinesekungfuhasalonghistory,withmulti-varioussectsandmanydifferentboxingstyles,andemphasizescouplinghardnesswithsoftnessandinternalandexternaltraining.Itcontainstheancientgreatthinkers’ponderingoflifeandtheuniverse.Theskillsinwieldingthe18kindsofweaponsnamedbythelatergenerationsmainlyinvolvetheskillsofbare-handedboxing,suchasshadowboxing(Taijiquan),formandwillboxing(Xingyiquan),eighttrigrampalm(Baguazhang),andtheskillsofkungfuweaponry,suchastheskillofusingswords,spears,two-edgedswordsandhalberds,axes,tomahawks,kooks,prongsandsoon.中國(guó)功夫即中國(guó)武術(shù)，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動(dòng)之中的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目，承載著豐富的中國(guó)民族傳統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說(shuō)，同時(shí)兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國(guó)武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對(duì)生命和宇宙的參悟。后世所稱(chēng)十八般武藝，主要指：徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。【拓展】⑴ChineseKungFuismagnificentandprofoundbutit’sunfortunatethatalotofithasnotbeenpasseddown.⑵Taijiquancanmakeyoufeelatpeace.Inadditiontoemphasizingmatchingthemovementswithyourbreathing,itisgoodforyourhealthtoo.⑶Theprimaryreasonforpracticingkungfuisforhealthreasons.Defenseisofsecondaryimportanceandhurtingothersisabsolutelyunacceptable.⑴中國(guó)功夫博大精深，可惜有很多已經(jīng)失傳了。⑵太極拳可以使人心境平和，加上它注重呼吸配合動(dòng)作，對(duì)身體也有好處。⑶練武的主要目的在于鍛煉身體，其次是防身，至于用來(lái)傷人是萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不可以的。ThereismuchmoretoKungFuthanJackieChanorBruceLee.KungFuisanartform,andalso,verygoodforyou.功夫并不只是指成龍或李小龍，它是一種藝術(shù)形式，而且對(duì)你很有好處。ManystylesofKungFuarebasedontheideasofnature.Ancientboxingmastersoftendevelopedtheirfightingtechniquesbyobservingtheworldaroundthem.Animals,birds,andinsectsprovidedthebasisformanysystemsofKungFudevelopedinthepast.很多功夫招式來(lái)源于對(duì)自然界的想象。古代拳術(shù)大師常常通過(guò)觀察他們周?chē)氖澜绺倪M(jìn)拳術(shù)技法。動(dòng)物、鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和昆蟲(chóng)為過(guò)去很多功夫的系統(tǒng)發(fā)展提供了基礎(chǔ)。ManyofthehardformsofKungFucamefromaBuddhistMonasterycalled“Shaolin”.AnIndianpriestnamedTamocametolivetherenearly1500yearsagou.Accordingtolegend,Tamoarrivedatthemonasterywherehefoundthemonksinpoorphysicalcondition.Becausetheycouldn’tstayawakeduringmeditation,Tamointroducedaseriesof18exercisedesignedtofeedbothbodyandmind.Thesemovementsaresaidtohavemergedwithself-defensetacticsstudiedintheShaolinTemple.很多硬功夫都出自叫“少林”的佛教寺廟。大約1500年前，有個(gè)叫達(dá)摩的印度僧人來(lái)到這里。傳說(shuō)他來(lái)到寺廟，發(fā)現(xiàn)那里的和尚身體狀況很不好。因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谧U時(shí)候不能保持清醒，達(dá)摩就傳授給他們一套十八手拳法，目的是鍛煉他們的身心。據(jù)說(shuō)這些動(dòng)作融合了他在少林寺研究的防身術(shù)。IsuggestasoftformofKungFu,calledTaiQi.ItcomesfromTaoismandit’sverygoodforyourhealth.Throughitstraining,youcangetinnerpeaceandasenseofphysicalandemotionalwellbeing.It’softencalledChineseYoga:theartandscienceofmeditationthroughmovement.我建議你學(xué)習(xí)一種溫和的功夫，叫太極拳。它源于道教，對(duì)你的健康非常有好處。通過(guò)這種訓(xùn)練，你能達(dá)到內(nèi)心的平和，以及身體和情緒上的安寧舒適。它經(jīng)常被人們稱(chēng)作中國(guó)瑜伽：通過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)達(dá)到沉思冥想的一種藝術(shù)和科學(xué)。五、漢字（Chinesecharacters）Chinesecharacterswereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusedtohelppeoplerememberthings.Afteralongperiodofdevelopment,itfinallybecameauniquecharactersystemthatembodiesphoneticsound,image,idea,andrhymeatthesametime.Thewritingsystem,whichwasextremelyadvancedinancienttimes,beganwithinscriptionsonbonesandtortoiseshells,andtheseareregardedastheoriginalformsofChinesecharacters.Afterwards,Chinesecharacterswentthroughnumerouscalligraphicstyles:bronzeinscriptions,officialscript,regularscript,cursivescript,runningscript,etc.Chinesecharactersareusuallyroundoutsideandsquareinside,whichisrootedinancientChinesebeliefsofanorbicularskyandarectangularEarth.ThefivebasicstrokesofChinesecharactersare““(thehorizontalstroke)“│”(theverticalstroke),“／”(theleft-fallingstroke),“＼”(theright-fallingstroke),and“乙”(theturningstroke).漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡(jiǎn)單圖畫(huà)，經(jīng)過(guò)不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨(dú)特文字?，F(xiàn)存中國(guó)古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書(shū)、楷書(shū)、草書(shū)、行書(shū)等不同的階段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“外圓內(nèi)方“，源于古人”天圓地方“的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫(huà)，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。六、秧歌舞（Yangko）YangkoisoneoftraditionfolkdanceofHaninChina.Itisusuallyperformedinnorthernprovinces.Thedancersusuallywearcolorfulandlightcostumes,andtheperformanceispowerfulandrapid.DuringsomefestivalssuchasSpringFestival,LanternFestival,ifpeoplehearthesoundofdrumandgong,nomatterhowcoldtheweatheris,theywillcometostreetandappreciatetheYangko.Recentyears,theoldpeopleincityofeast-northernofChinaorganizedtheteamofYangkobythemselves,theteammateskeeptheirhealthbydancingYangkothewholeyear.秧歌舞是中國(guó)漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動(dòng)作有力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽(tīng)到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會(huì)蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過(guò)跳秧歌舞來(lái)保持健康，同事他們也樂(lè)在其中。七、針灸（Acupuncture）AcupunctureisanimportantpartoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM).Inaccordancewiththe“mainandcollateralchannels”theoryinTCM,thepurposeofacupunctureistodredgethechannelandregulateqiandblood,soastokeepthebody’syinandyangbalancedandachievereconciliationbetweentheinternalorgans.ItfeaturesintraditionalChinesemedicinethat“internaldiseasesaretobetreatedwithexternaltherapy”.Themaintherapyofacupunctureinvolvesusingneedlestopiercecertainacupointsofthepatient’sbody,oradoptingmoxibustiontostimulatethepatient’sacupointssoastostimulatethechannelsandrelievepain.Withitsuniqueadvantages,acupuncturehasbeenhandeddowngenerationaftergenerationandhasnowspreadallovertheworld.Nowadays,acupuncture,alongwithChinesefood,kungfu(otherwiseknownasChinesemartialarts),andtraditionalChinesemedicine,hasbeeninternationallyhailedasoneofthe“fournewnationaltreasures.”針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，針灸療法主要是通過(guò)疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來(lái)達(dá)到陰陽(yáng)歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點(diǎn)是“內(nèi)病外治”。主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪说难ㄎ?，以達(dá)到刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)。治療病痛的目的。針灸以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽(yù)為中國(guó)的“新四大國(guó)粹”。八、中國(guó)龍（ChineseDragon）DragontotemworshipinChinahasbeenaroundforthelast8,000years.TheancientsinChinaconsideredthedragon(orlong)afetishthatcombinesanimalsincludingthefish,snake,horseandoxwithcloud,thunder,lightningandothernaturalcelestialphenomena.TheChinesedragonwasformedinaccordancewiththemulticulturalfusionprocessoftheChinesenation.TotheChinese,thedragonsignifiesinnovationandcohesion.對(duì)龍圖騰他的崇拜在中國(guó)大約已綿延了八千多年。中國(guó)龍是古人將魚(yú)、蛇、馬、牛等動(dòng)物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。中國(guó)龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過(guò)程同步。在中國(guó)人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開(kāi)拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。九、中國(guó)印章（ChineseSeal）Asealcanalsobedefinedasastamp.BoththeChineseofficialandprivatesealofvariousdynastieshavedifferenttitles,suchasstamp,zhunote,contract,fu,leaseandothers.ThesealsusedbytheemperorsofancientChinawerecalledxi,yin,bao,etc.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,sealswerewidelyusedduringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475BC-221BC).Themakingofasealistoengravefonts,suchassealcharactersandofficialscriptandsoon;orimagesintheformofintaglioandembossmentintotheseal,basicallyshapedasroundorsquare.Coveredwithavermilionoverlay,theChinesesealisnotonlyusedindailylife,butitisalsousedtorepresentsignaturesonpaintingsandcalligraphies.ItisgraduallybecomingoneofChina’suniqueartworks.印章就是圖章。中國(guó)歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不同的稱(chēng)謂，而帝王所用的印章古時(shí)稱(chēng)璽、印、寶、章等。據(jù)史料記載，印章在戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆隸等字體、圖像用陰、陽(yáng)的形式雕刻而成，形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色鈐蓋，除日常應(yīng)用外，又多用于書(shū)畫(huà)題識(shí)，逐漸成為中國(guó)特有的藝術(shù)形式之一。十、京劇（ChineseBeijingOpera）Praisedas“OrientalOpera”,BeijingOperaisagenuinenationalquintessenceofChina.Itoriginatedfrommanykindsofancientlocaloperas,especiallyhuibaninsouthernChina.Attheendofthe19thCentury,BeijingOperaevolvedandtookshape,becomingthegreatestkindofoperainChina.BeijingOperaisablendofperformingartssong,speech,performance,acrobatixfightinganddance.BeijingOperaportraysandnarratestheplotandcharactersthroughstylizedacting.ThemaintypesofrolesinBeijingOperaaresheng(male),dan(youngfemale),jing