英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題解題技巧課件

猜測詞義Guessingmeaningsofwords猜測詞義Guessingmeaningsofwords1Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?Ifyoucomeacrossnewwords2Ignore(忽略）

themandcontinuereadingLookthemupinthedictionaryGuess

themeaning

Ignore(忽略）themLookthemupi3How

toguessthemeaningsofwords

How

toguessthemeaningsof4

詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有：51.Definition定義法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast對比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例舉法8.CommonSense普通常識6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義7.Context上下文1.Definition定義法3.Similarity6Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定義法：一般通過定義、定語（從句）或同位語（從句）來確定詞義。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

(n.

牧羊人)Itwillbeveryhardbu72.Contrast對比法：利用文中的反義詞以及表對比關(guān)系的詞（組）猜測詞義。表示對比的詞有but、while、however、otherwise

、unlike;instead,ontheotherhand...2.Contrast對比法：8Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA

(v.

不同意)Mostofusagreed,however,Bi93.Similarity相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜測詞義。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;極大的)3.Similarity相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組104.CauseEffect因果法：從原因推測結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測原因。

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitionsinoneday.

(adj.

貧窮的,窮困的)

(adj.

大的)4.CauseEffect因果法：從原因推11因果關(guān)系Withthehelpofconjunctionslike:

because,as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，therefore，sothat，etc.因果關(guān)系Withthehelpofconjunct125.Example例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。常見的舉例的提示詞有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

電器用具)5.Example例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。常見的136.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法：

英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴）和詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變原詞的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭和詞尾的基本含義，那么就可以很容易猜測出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了。6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法：14

Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditional

love,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmental

listenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET)Withtheirshiningbrown15unconditional:無條件的,絕對的adj.condition

conditional

情況，條件n.

有條件的adj.unconditional:unconditional:無條件的,conditionc16nonjudgmental:沒有判斷力的judge

judgment

judgmental判斷v.判斷n.adj.nonjudgmental:nonjudgmental:沒有判斷力的judgejudg17中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）-wards(向)中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：18supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(無家可歸的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯音)(向東)supermanmicrowa19

Eg.I’mgoingtobuyamicrobus.

micro+bus微型公共汽車Eg.I’mgoingtobuyamicrob201)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expectB7.Context

上下文：利用語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義。

1)Hesoundedquitenervousan21

Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astar2）Tomsawan

owllastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarTomsawan

owlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarAABCAB(n.

貓頭鷹)Tomsawanowlinatreelast223）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy

apeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdAABC.AC(n.

猿)3）Thechildrenarelookingat238.Commonsense

普通常識：根據(jù)普通常識和生活經(jīng)驗來猜測詞義。

在閱讀的過程中，如遇到生詞，有時可以根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，或運用自己已有的常識將其推測出來。比如了解一些英美國家的天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會制度等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞時，猜測詞義的能力自然就會增強(qiáng)。

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉劑(藥)8.Commonsense普通常識：根據(jù)普通常識和生活24Inquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活動(1)Inquiry-basedActivities(I)25

Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?----------------------------------------------------

1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.樹枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.

A.租用B.借出C.購買D.參觀

CABCanyouguessthecorrect264.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathis

occupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest

5.Theoldwomanhasa

strange

habittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.愛貓的B.古怪的C.閑不住D.動物保護(hù)主義者6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury

togreatwealth.A.便士B.溫飽C.非常貧困D.虛弱ABC4.Theofficialaskedthema277.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活潑的B.好動的C.愛說話的D.可愛的8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.house9.Thisboyisnotstupid,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemoreintelligent.A.勤奮的B.愚蠢的C.聰明的D.情報CCC7.Mrs.Smithisloquacious2810.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_____.A.驕傲B.吹牛C.頑皮D.幼稚B10.Childrenarealwaysboasti29Inquiry-basedActivities(II)

探究活動(2)Inquiry-basedActivities(II)30

Passage1.Wecannotfeelspeed.Butoursenseletusknowthatwearemoving.Weseethingsmovingpastandfeelthatwearebeingshaken.Wecanfeelacceleration,anincreaseinspeed.Butwenoticeitforonlyashorttime.Forexamplewefeelitduringthetakeoffrunofanairplane.1.Accelerationisthenamefor_______.A.anykindofmovementB.themovementofaplaneC.asteadyspeed D.anincreaseinspeed

31Passage2.

Alltheathletestrytobeattheclosingceremony.Theyhaveforgottenalltheirfearsandworries.Itdoesnotmatterwhethertheyhavedonewellornot.Alltheteamswalkroundthestadiumtogether.Everybodyinthevillage

clearsupandgetsreadytoleave.Everyoneishuntingforlocalproducts.Peopleexchangetracksuits,hats,runningvestandsoon.Thereisalastchancetotakephotographsandgetaddressesofnewfriends.Theneachteamstartsitsjourneyhome.5.Theunderlinephrase“clearsup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.packsupB.goesawayC.makesclearD.doesthecleaningPassage2.32Passage3

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage3B33Passage4

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithastick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswe