廈門大學考博英語歷年真題及詳解

2013年廈門大學考博英語真題及詳解科目代碼：1101科目名稱：英語考生須知：所有答案(包括選擇題、填空題)均必須寫在答題紙上；凡在試題紙上作答的內容均不予評閱、判分,后果考生自負。PartⅠ.VocabularyandStructure(15％)Directions：Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle.1ine.throughthecenter1.______onetime,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.A.OnB.ByC.AtD.Of【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：曼徹斯特曾經是世界上產量最大的棉紡織廠之鄉(xiāng)。atonetime為固定搭配，意為“曾經，一度；同時”。2.IfyoucometoTokyo,Icanputyou______inanapartmentnearmycompany.A.acrossB.downC.outD.up【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：如果你來東京的話，我可以把你安排在我們公司附近的一間公寓里。putsb.up向某人提供食宿。putacross圓滿完成；使被接受。putdown鎮(zhèn)壓；記下；貶低。putout熄滅；伸出；出版。3.Itseemsoil______fromthispipeforsometime.We’llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputitright.A.hadleakedB.isleakingC.leakedD.hasbeenleaking【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：看起來這個管道漏油已經有一段時間了。我們得把機器拆開來處理一下。forsometime表示持續(xù)的一段時間，因此此處應當用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。4.Hewillagreetodowhatyourequire______him.A.ofB.fromC.toD.for【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他將會同意做你所要求他做的事。requiresth.ofsb.為固定詞組，指“向某人要求某物，向某人要求某事情”。5.ThoughhewasbornandbroughtupinAmerican,hecanspeak______Chinese.A.fluidB.smoothC.fluentD.flowing【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：雖然他在美國長大，但是能說一口流利的漢語。fluent可用來形容語言說得“流利的，流暢的”。fluid流體的，流動的。smooth順利的；光滑的；平穩(wěn)的。flowing流動的；平滑的；上漲的。6.Welookforwardto______theopeningceremony.A.inviteB.beinvitedC.havingbeeninvitedD.beinginvited【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：我們期待受邀參加開幕式。固定搭配lookforwardto中的to為介詞，因此其后應當用名詞或動名詞形式，排除A項和B項。由于“被邀請”為尚未發(fā)生的動作，因此不能用完成時，排除C項，因此答案選D項。7.Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,theydon’tbotherto______skillstheyneedtosucceed.A.adoptB.acquireC.accumulateD.assemble【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：人如果失去了希望，就不會費力去獲取成功必需的技能。acquire獲得；取得。adopt采?。唤邮?；收養(yǎng)。accumulate積攢。assemble集合；裝配。8.ProfessorWang,______forhisinformativelectures,waswarmlyreceivedbyhisstudents.A.knowingB.knownCtobeknownD.havingknown【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：王教授以其富有教育意義的講座見稱，受到了學生的熱烈歡迎。該句兩個逗號之間為定語成分修飾主語ProfessorWang。beknownfor為固定搭配，指“因…而出名”，因此答案選B。9.Shejusthadnofaithinme.ItwasWilliam______shestillhadherfaith.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.inwhom【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：她不相信我，她依舊相信的是威廉。havefaithin為固定搭配，意為“相信，對…信任”，因此答案選D。10.Theconference______afullweekbythetimeitends.A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.wouldlastD.haslasted【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：到結束的時候，會議就整整持續(xù)一周了。根據(jù)bythetimeitends可知此處講述的是到將來某個時候事情所處的狀態(tài)，因此應當用將來完成時。11.“BobcertainlyhasalowopinionofSue.”—“Itcan’tbeanyworsethan______ofhim.”A.herB.hersC.sheD.shedoes【答案】D查看答案【解析】前一句指出“鮑勃對休的評價不高”，后一句則提到“她對他的評價也好不到哪兒去”?？杖碧帒斢胹he來指代Sue，而用does來替代hasalowopinion來避免重復。12.Thewomanhasnotyet______thelossofherson.A.gotupB.gotbyC.gotoverD.gotround【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：那個女人尚未克服喪子之痛。getover恢復；克服；熬過。getup起床；建造；增加。getby通過；過得去；過活。getround說服；(消息)傳開來；走動。13.Eightypercentofmotherscradletheir______intheirleftarms,holdingthemagainsttheleftsideoftheirbodies.A.infantsB.hosesC.handkerchiefsD.fences【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：80％的母親用左手抱嬰兒，使其貼靠在自己身體的左側。infant嬰兒；幼兒。hose軟管；長統(tǒng)襪。handkerchief手帕；頭巾。fence柵欄；圍墻；劍術。14.Theexplorerscameforwardwithgiftsofducksandflour-cakesand______troughsofwaterforthehorsestodrink.A.heldinB.heldwithC.heldunderD.heldup【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：探索者主動提供鴨子和谷粉糕點作為禮物，并拿來水槽給馬喂水。holdup舉起，抬起，提起。holdin抑制，約束。holdwith贊同；容忍。15.Helikesto______everything,eventhosethathardlyconcernhim.A.offerhelptoB.getmixedupinC.haveapartinD.makeafussover【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：什么事他都喜歡參與進去，即便有些事幾乎跟他一點關系都沒有。haveapartin和getmixedupin都有“參與”之意，但后者帶有“卷入某事”的負面意思，根據(jù)likesto可推測haveapartin更合適。offerhelpto后通常加sb.。makeafussover對…大驚小怪。因此答案選C。16.A______examinationforthepostofdepartmentmanagerwillbeheldnextTuesday.A.classifyingB.comparingC.contrastingD.competitive【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：下周二將會舉辦一場部門經理職位選拔考試。competitiveexamination答辯考試；競爭性考試；選拔試。17.Motherwassoweakafterheroperationthatthedoctorswonderediftheywouldbeableto______herthrough.A.pullB.cureC.pushD.save【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：母親動過手術后十分虛弱，醫(yī)生都擔心能否幫她恢復健康。pullthrough使渡過；病好了；恢復健康。18.Goandseewhatyourmotheris______now.A.forB.atC.aboutD.busy【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：去看看你媽媽現(xiàn)在忙什么。beatsth.指“忙于，從事于”。19.Withthreeyoungchildrentotakecareof,Cathyiskept______everyminuteoftheday.A.walkingB.atfullspeedC.busyD.onfoot【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：有三個年幼的孩子要照顧，凱西時時刻刻都很忙。bekeptbusy指“被迫忙于”。atfullspeed全速。20.Sincehisretirement,PeterSmith,whowas______ateacher,haswrittenfournovels.A.latelyBusuallyC.formerlyD.already【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：曾是一名教師的彼得·史密森，自從退休后已經寫了四本小說了。who引導的定語從句中用了過去時的was，因此答案應選C。formerly以前；原來。21.Wemust______onourreputationtoexpandthebusiness.A.improveB.buildC.developD.weigh【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我們必須以信譽為基礎擴大業(yè)務。buildon依靠…，建立于，以…為基礎。22.______itornot,hisdiscoveryhascreatedastirinscientificcircles.A.BelieveB.TobelieveC.BelievingD.Believed【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：信不信由你，他的發(fā)現(xiàn)在科學界引起了轟動。believeitornot為習慣用法，意為“信不信由你”。23.______doesbusinesswiththatfellowisboundtolosemoney.A.WhoeverB.WhoC.NomatterwhoD.However【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：不管是誰與那個人做生意都會賠錢。雖然whoever和nomatterwho都有“無論誰”的意思，但是只有whoever可以引導名詞性從句(此處為主語從句)，因此答案選A。24.Annneverdreamsof______forhertobesentabroadverysoon.A.therebeingachanceB.theretobeachanceC.therebeachanceD.beingachance【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：安從未想過很快就會有機會去國外。of為介詞，因此之后應當用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故正確答案為A項。25.Frequentlysingle-parentchildren______someofthefunctionsthattheabsentadultinthehousewouldhaveserved.A.takeoffB.takeafterC.takeinD.takeon【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：通常單親家庭的孩子會承擔一些本應該由所缺父親或母親承擔的責任。takeon承擔；呈現(xiàn)；具有。takeoff起飛；脫下；離開。takeafter與…相像。takein吸收；領會；欺騙。26.Wheneverabigcompany______asmallone,theproductalmostalwaysgetsworse.A.getsonwithB.cutsdownC.takesoverD.putsupwith【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：只要大公司接管小公司，產品質量總是變差。takeover接管；接收。getonwith在…獲得成功，與…友好相處。cutdown削減；砍倒；刪節(jié)。putupwith忍受；容忍。27.Samuel______tocompromiseonlesserquestions.A.wascompelledB.wasdelightedC.waspreparedD.wasonlytooready【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：塞繆爾被迫在在次要問題上妥協(xié)。lesserquestions指“次要問題”。becompelledto不得不，被強迫。28.Childrentendto______whileplaying,eveniftheymakeapromisebefore.A.loseallcountoftimeB.keepallcountoftimeC.beawareofthepassageoftimeD.wastetime【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：即便之前做出過承諾，孩子在玩耍時總是失去一切時間觀念。loseallcountoftime失去一切時間觀念，記不清時間。29.Asurveywascarriedoutonthedeathrateofnew-bornbabiesinthatregion,______weresurprisingA.asresultsB.whichresultsC.theresultsofitD.theresultsofwhich【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：關于那個地區(qū)新生兒死亡率的調查結果令人吃驚。逗號之后為非限制性定語從句修飾前一句，因此應當由which引導，其中which指代survey。30.Ourmanagerisso______inhisthinking,heneverlistenstonewideas.A.stiffB.rigidC.tenseD.tight【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我們的經理思想很僵化，從來聽不進新觀點。rigid死板的；頑固的；嚴格的。stiff呆板的；堅硬的；嚴厲的。PartIlReadingComprehension(40％)SectionA(30points)Directions：Thereare3passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe"fit"insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreader,andsoon.Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,ataveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook.Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapartfromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statuses,too,comereadymade,andtherangeofchoiceamongthemislimited.1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus______.A.determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjobB.behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeopleC.protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituationsD.makefriendswithotherpeople2.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses______.A.inordertoidentifythemselveswithothersB.inordertobetteridentifyothersC.astheirmentalprocesseschangeD.asthesituationchanges3.Theword“appraisal”(Sentence4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans“______”.A.involvementB.appreciationC.assessmentD.presentation4.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto“______”.A.fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriatelyB.identificationofotherpeople’sstatusesC.selectingone’sownstatusesD.constantmentalprocess5.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince”(Sentence3,Paragraph3),thewritermeans______.A.differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothesB.ready-madeclothesmayneedalterationsC.statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothesD.ourchoiceofstatusesislimited【答案與解析】1.B 第一段首句提到“Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanother…”，可知身份能夠幫助我們更好地與他人相處，B項與之表達意思相一致，因此為正確答案。2.D 文章第二段前兩句指出“Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan...assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire”（我們的身份隨著所接觸人的不同而改變，且一生都在變化。我們中大多數(shù)人可根據(jù)不同情形而轉換身份），因此D項“人們的身份會隨著情況的變化而變化”為正確答案。3.C 第二段第四句開頭指示代詞this指前一句的內容“Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous”，可推知第四句指“這意味著我們以不斷的評估和理解為基礎來使我們與他人的行為相一致”，因此appraisal（評價；估價）與C項assessment表達意思相符。4.A 根據(jù)上下文可知，第二段最后一句中的it和thetask均指的是上句所表達的主要內容，即“wefitouractionstothoseofotherpeople”，因此本題答案選A。5.D 文章第三段前兩句中把一個人的身份比作成衣，指出“Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoosestyleandfabric”，隨后該段便舉例指出一個美國人不能自由選擇中國貧民和印度王子的服裝，即一個人身份的選擇是有限的。因此答案選D。Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld’spopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourcewhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexample,oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigationwaterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressionsandpumpingittonearbycropland.Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficiently,theymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocal,regional,andnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwateruse,countriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy.6.Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis?A.Onlyhalfoftheworld’swatercanbeused.B.Theworldpopulationisincreasingfasterandfaster.C.Halfoftheworld’swaterresourceshavebeenseriouslypolluted.D.Humanityhasnotplacedsufficientvalueonwaterresources.7.Asindicatedinthepassage,thewaterproblem______.A.isalreadyseriousincertainpartsoftheworldB.hasbeenexaggeratedbysomeexpelsinthefieldC.posesachallengetothetechnologyofbuildingreservoirsD.isunderestimatedbygovernmentorganizationsatdifferentlevels8.Accordingtotheauthor,thewaterpriceshould______.A.bereducedtotheminimumB.stimulatedomesticdemandC.correspondtoitsrealvalueD.takeintoaccounttheoccurrencesofdroughts9.Theauthorsaysthatinsomehotanddryareasitisadvisableto______.A.buildbiglakestostorewaterB.constructbigpumpingstationsC.buildsmallandcheapirrigationsystemsD.channelwaterfromnearbyriverstocropland10.Inordertoraisetheefficiencyofthewatersupply,measuresshouldbetakento______A.guaranteefullprotectionoftheenvironmentB.centralizethemanagementofwaterresourcesC.increasethesenseofresponsibilityofagenciesatalllevelsD.encouragelocalandregionalprotectionofwaterresources【答案與解析】6.B 根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句提到的“Sincetheworld’spopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis”，可知人口增長越來越快是潛在水危機的真正原因。因此答案選B。7.D 根據(jù)文章第一段第二句提到的“Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas”（然而，在有些地區(qū)水資源缺乏和干旱正在引起饑荒和貧困），可知水資源缺乏問題在世界上有些地區(qū)已經相當嚴重，因此A項為正確答案。8.C 第三段首句提到“Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue”，由此可知作者認為對水的定價應當反映出其真實的價值，因此正確答案為C項。9.D 文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句講述到如何在干旱的熱帶地區(qū)提供灌溉用水，該句指出最經濟的方法是“throughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressionsandpumpingittonearbycropland”，即通過小規(guī)模的（灌溉）項目。該處舉出的例子是收集低洼處的雨水，然后把其抽到附近的農田里，而非D項的“從附近的河流引水到農田”。因此本題答案選C。10.B 文章最后一段談到提高水供應效率的問題，該段首句指出不管政府采取何種措施，必須要做出改變的是其institutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse，根據(jù)隨后提到的“countriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy”，可知應當對水資源采取集中化管理，因此答案選B。Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Everynightshelistenedtoherfathergoingaroundthehouse,lockingthedoorsandwindows.Shelistened:thebackdoorclosed;shecouldhearthefastenerofthekitchenwindow’sclick,andtherestlesspadofhisfeetgoingbacktotrythefrontdoor.Itwasn’tonlytheoutsidedoorshelocked;helockedtheemptykitchentoo.Hewaslookingsomethingout,butobviouslyitwassomethingcapableofenteringintohisfirstdefenses.Heraisedhissecondlineallthewayuptobed.Infourteenyears,shethoughtunhappily,thehousewillbehis;hehadpaidtwenty-fivepoundsdownandtheresthewaspayingmonthbymonthasrent.“Ofcourse,”hewasinthehabitofsaying,“I’veimprovedtheproperty.”“Yes”herepeated,I’veimprovedtheproperty,”lookingaroundforanailtodrivein,aweedtouproot.Itwasmorethanasenseofproperty;itwasasenseofhonesty.Somepeoplewhoboughttheirhomesthroughthesocietyletthemgotorackandruinandthenclearedout.Shestoodwithherearagainstthewall,asmall,dark,angry,immaturefigure.Therewasnomoretobeheardfromtheotherroom;butinherinnerearshestillheardthefootstepsofapropertyowner,thetap-tapofahammer,thescrapeofaspade,thewhistleofradiatorsteam,akeyturning,aboltpushedhome,thelittlebusysoundsofmenbuildingbarriers.Shestoodplanning.11.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofthefatherinthepassage?A.Hethoughtalotabouthisdaughter’sfuture.B.Hesavedalotofmoneyforhisdaughter.C.Hethoughtthathewassecure.D.Heavoidedhisneighborsonpurpose.12.Fromthepassagewecanseethatthefatheris______A.kindtohisdaughterandneighborsB.crueltohisdaughterandneighborsC.systematicalinhisactionsD.carefulabouthisappearance13.Accordingtothepassage,thedaughter’sattitudetowardhisfatherisof______.A.slightdislikeB.greatdisapprovalC.strongloveD.gratefulacceptance14.Whichofthefollowingfeelingsisconveyedinthepassage?A.Tenseness.B.Peace.C.Nervousness.D.Happiness.15.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat______.A.thefatherbuilthisdefensescarefullyB.somepropertyownerslettheirhomesgoworseC.thedaughterwasthinandveryyoungD.thefatherpunishedthegirlwhenshewasyoung【答案與解析】11.D 本題在文中并沒有直接答案，但根據(jù)文中描述的父親不安地（restlesspad）檢查門窗是否鎖好，以及最后一段倒數(shù)第二句提到的“thelittlebusysoundsofmenbuildingbarriers”，可知人們都在忙著設置與他人分割開來的屏障。由此可推測父親可能是有意在避開鄰居。因此答案選D。12.C 文章第一段介紹到這位女兒聽到父親的一系列動作：先把后門關上，然后鎖上廚房窗戶，接著再去看前門是否鎖上…由此可見這位父親做事比較有條理。systematical有系統(tǒng)的；有條理的；有計劃有步驟的。因此答案選C。13.B 第二段和第三段首句分別提到“Infourteenyears,shethoughtunhappily...”和“Shestoodwithherearagainstthewall,asmall,dark,angry,immaturefigure”，從unhappily和angry可以看出這個女兒對其父親的行為相當不贊同，因此答案選B。14.A 根據(jù)文章第一段描述的“restlesspadofhisfeet”和“Hewaslookingsomethingout,butobviouslyitwassomethingcapableofenteringintohisfirstdefenses.Heraisedhissecondlineallthewayuptobed”，以及最后一段的“thelittlebusysoundsofmenbuildingbarriers”，可知文章中表達出一種緊張、焦慮的氣氛。因此答案選A。15.D 文章第一段介紹到父親在睡覺前把門窗都仔細鎖好，并提到他在尋找somethingcapableofenteringintohisfirstdefenses以及raisedhissecondlineallthewayuptobed，可知A項表述正確；B項對應第二段最后一句的內容；C項符合第三段首句對女兒的描述“asmall,dark,angry,immaturefigure”。只有D項的內容在文中沒有被提及，因此答案選D。SectionB(10points)Directions:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1～5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA~Efitintoeachofthenumberedblank.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.WhereIstheNewsLeadingUs?NotlongagoIwasaskedtojoininapublicsymposiumontheroleoftheAmericanpress.Twootherspeakerswereincludedontheprogram.ThefirstwasadistinguishedTVanchorman.Theotherwastheeditorofoneofthenation’sleadingpapers,anewsmantothecore—tough,aggressive,andsavvyinthewaysandmeansofsolidreporting.Thepurposeofthesymposium,asIunderstoodit,wastoscrutinizetheobligationsofthemediaandtosuggestthebestwaystomeetthoseobligations.1______Why,heasked,arethenewspapersandtelevisionnewsprogramssodisaster-prone?Whyarenewsmenandwomensoattractedtotragedy,violence,failure?Theanchormanandeditorreactedasthoughtheyhadbeenblamedfortheexistenceofbadnews.Newsmenandnewswomen,theysaid,areonlyresponsibleforreportingthenews,notforcreatingitormodifyingit.2.______Thegentlemanwhohadaskeditwasnotblamingthemforthedistortionsintheworld.Hewasjustwonderingwhydistortionsaremostreported.Thenewsmediaseemtooperateonthephilosophythatallnewsisbadnews.Why?Coulditbethattheemphasisondownsidenewsislargelytheresultoftradition—thewaynewsmenandnewswomenareaccustomedtorespondtodailyevents?3.______Newsissupposedtodealwithhappeningsofthepast12hours—24hoursatmost.Anythingthathappenssosuddenly,however,isapttobeeruptive.Asniperkillssomepedestrians;aterroristholds250peoplehostageinaplane;OPECannouncesa25percentincreaseinpetroleumprices;GreatBritaindevaluesbyanother10percent;atruckconveyingradioactiveWastescollideswithamobilecementmixer.4.______Civilizationisalotmorethanthesumtotalofitscatastrophes.Themostimportantingredientinanycivilizationisprogress.Butprogressdoesn’thappenallatonce.Itisnoteruptive.Generally,itcomesinbitsandpieces,verylittleofitclearlyvisibleatanygivenmoment,butallofitinvolvedinthemakingofhistoricalchangeforthebetter.Itisthisaspectoflivinghistorythatmostnewsreportingreflectsinadequately.Theresultisthatweareunderinformedaboutpositivedevelopmentsandoverinformedaboutdisasters.This,inturn,leadstoapublicmoodofdefeatismanddespair,whichinthemselvestendtobeinhibitorsofprogress.Anunrelieveddietoferuptivenewsdepletestheessentialhumanenergiesafreesocietyneeds.5.______Iamnotsuggestingthat“positive”newshecontrivedasanantidotetothedisastersonpageone.NordoIdefinepositivenewsasin-depthreportageoffunctionsofthelocalYMCA.WhatIamtryingtogetacrossisthenotionthattheresponsibilityofthenewsmediaistosearchoutandreportonimportantevents—whetherornottheycomeundertheheadingofconflict,confrontation,orcatastrophe.Theworldisasplendidcombinationofheavenandhell,andbothsectorscallforattentionandscrutiny.A.Focusingsolelyonthesedetails,however,producesamisshapenpicture.B.Perhapsitwouldbeusefulheretoexaminethewaywedefinethewordnews,forthisiswheretheproblembegins.C.Amoodofhopelessnessandcynicismishardlylikelytofurnishtheenergyneededtomeetseriouschallenges.D.Duringtheopen-discussionperiod;agentlemanintheaudienceaddressedaquestiontomytwocolleagues.E.Itdidn’tseemtomethatthenewsmenhadansweredthequestion.【答案與解析】1.D 該空之后提到：他問道：“為何…”。D項指出“在公開討論環(huán)節(jié)，觀眾席中一位先生向我的兩位同事提出一個問題”，其中該項中的agentleman和addressedaquestion分別與該空之后句中的he和asked相對應。因此D項符合上下文。2.E 上文描述到對于觀眾提出的“為何報紙和電臺新聞節(jié)目如此傾向于報道負面新聞”的問題，主持人和編輯的反應是好像他們?yōu)閴南⒌拇嬖谑艿搅素熾y。他們回答說，新聞界人士只負責報道新聞而不創(chuàng)造或修改新聞。E項“我認為他們沒有回答那位先生的問題”使文章上下連接順暢。3.B 此處下一句指出“新聞應該是報道過去十二小時，最遲二十四小時內所發(fā)生的事情”，B項“或許檢視一下我們如何定義新聞這個詞會有所幫助，因為問題是從這里開始的”與下句連接緊密。4.A 前文講述了突發(fā)的負面事件，該段下一句指出“人類文明成果遠遠多于災難總和”，A項“然而，僅僅關注這些細節(jié)我們得到的將會是一個失真的畫面”起到承上啟下的作用。5.C 該空前一句講述到了爆發(fā)性新聞的弊端：爆發(fā)性新聞使人憂心忡忡，大大消減了自由社會所需的人的動力。C項“絕望和憤世的情緒使人沒有動力迎接嚴峻的考驗”與之語調相一致，上下銜接自然順暢。PartⅢ.ShortAnswerQuestions(10％)Directions：Readthefollowingpassageandthengiveshortanswerstothefivequestions.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheetSurveyshaveshownthatmostfootballandbasketballinjuriesinvolvetheknee,eitherthroughtwistingorthroughapplicationoflateralforce.Surgeryforsuchinjurieshasbecomemuchsimplerwiththeinventionofathindevicecontainingafiberopticslightthatcanbeinsertedintoathinslitintheknee.Repaircanbeaccomplishedthroughthisnarrowopening.Long-distancerunnersalsosufferkneeinjuries,butamorecommonproblemforrunnersisstressfracture,whichisaweakeningofthefrontoftheshinbonecausedbyoveruse,withpainandpossiblebonecrackingastheresult.Ligamenttearsaremorecommoningymnastics.Almostalltheseconditionshealwithrest.Preventionofinjuriesdependsprimarilyongoodconditioning.Athletesarealsoprotectedbytheuseofbetterpaddingmaterialsandoffacemasksandeyeprotectorsinroughsports.Theimproperorillegaluseofdrugsandsubstancesforthetemporaryimprovementofathleticperformanceincompetitionshasbeenafrequentsubjectofinquirysincethe1960s,whendrugmisusebyathletestogainanunfairadvantagebegantorisedramatically.Anabolicsteroidssupposedlyimprovestrengthandendurance,buttheycanalsohaveharmfulsideeffectsasliverdamage.Testsfordrugssuchasheroinandother,stimulantswereintroducedattheOlympicGamesin1968.Anabolicsteroidswerenotbanneduntil1974,whenasuitabletestwasdeveloped.Theillegalityofsomedrugshasnotbeenacceptedbyanumberofotherinternationalandnationalamateurathleticfederations,forreasonsincludingtestinguncertainties,doubtsaboutbanningcertainmedicinalsubstancesorcommondrugssuchascaffeine,andsimplelackofconcern.Controversyhasalsoarisenoverthelegalityofthepracticeof“blooddoping,”inwhichanathletereceivesabloodtransfusionjustbeforeanevent.Theresultingincreaseinredbloodcellsapparentlyincreasestheathlete’saerobicpower.1.Inadditiontokneeinjuries,whatwillalsohealwithrest?2.Whatdoestheword“slit”inPara.1mostprobablymean?3.Whenwerethetestsfordrugsusedatthe:OlympicGames?4.Accordingtothepassage,drugmisusebyathletesisconsideredas______5.Controversyarisesovertheillegalityofsomecommondrugsdueto______【答案與解析】1.Stressfractureandligamenttears.文章第一段講述到在足球和籃球運動中受傷幾乎都會涉及到膝蓋，隨后該段提及長跑運動員更易遭受的stressfracture（應力骨折）以及體操運動中比較常見的ligamenttear（韌帶撕裂）。根據(jù)該段倒數(shù)第三句提到的“Almostalltheseconditionshealwithrest”，可知kneeinjuries，stressfracture和ligamenttears經過休息都會痊愈。2.Alongnarrowcut.slit一詞出現(xiàn)在第一段第二句，該句指出“隨著一種包含光纖燈設備的發(fā)明，治療膝蓋受傷已變得相當容易。該設備可被放進膝蓋的小裂縫之中”?？芍猻lit在此處指的是膝蓋里的裂縫。3.In1968.根據(jù)第二段第三句“TestsfordrugssuchasheroinandotherstimulantswereintroducedattheOlympicGamesin1968”，可知從1968年在奧運會上開始對運動員進行藥物檢測。4.unfair文章第二段首句提到“...whendrugmisusebyathletestogainanunfairadvantagebegantorisedramatically”，根據(jù)anunfairadvantage可知運動員濫用藥物以獲得優(yōu)勢被認為是不公平的。因此本題答案為unfair。5.doubtaboutbanningthem第二段倒數(shù)第三句提到“Theillegalityofsomedrugshasnotbeenaccepted...forreasonsincluding...doubtsaboutbanningcertainmedicinalsubstancesorcommondrugssuchascaffeine...”，可知關于運動場合某些常用藥物的使用是否合法的爭議源于關于是否應禁止服用這些藥物存在疑問。PartIV.English-ChineseTranslation(15％)Directions：ReadthepassageCarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.DoingaPhDiscertainly:notforeverybody,andIdonotrecommenditformostpeople.HoweverIamreallygladIgotmyPhDratherthanjustgettingajobafterfinishingmy—Bachelor’sThenumberonereasonisthatIlearnedahellofalotdoingthePhD,andmostofthethingsIlearnedlwouldnevergetexposedtoinatypicalsoftwareengineeringjob(1).TheprocessofdoingaPhDtrainsyoutodoresearch:toreadresearchpapers,torunexperiments,towritepapers,togivetalks.Italsoteachesyouhowtofigureoutwhatproblemneedstobesolved.YougainaverysophisticatedtechnicalbackgrounddoingthePhD,andhavingyourworksubjecttotheintensescrutinyoftheacademic:peer-reviewprocess—nottomentionyourthesiscommittee.IthinkofthePhDa1ittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturieswhereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,geeingarichexposuretohighsocietyinFrance,It