江西師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院《716綜合英語(yǔ)》歷年考研真題及詳解

2014年江西師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院716綜合英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.Vocabulary(20×1points)Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.1.Thetroops______thecity,killingandinjuringhundreds.A.advertedB.bombardedC.sprintedD.interlocked【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：軍隊(duì)轟炸了這座城市，造成數(shù)百人傷亡。bombard轟炸，炮擊。advert注意；談到。sprint沖刺，快速跑。interlock連鎖，連結(jié)。因此，本題的正確答案為B。2.“Seniorcitizen”isa(n)______for“oldperson”.A.mythologyB.onsetC.euphemismD.pal【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：“老年公民”是“老人”的委婉語(yǔ)。euphemism委婉語(yǔ)。mythology神話(huà)。onset開(kāi)始；攻擊。pal伙伴，朋友。因此，本題的正確答案為C。3.We’reatacritical______intermsofhisdomesticprogram.A.jigB.martinC.martiniD.juncture【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：就他的國(guó)內(nèi)計(jì)劃而言，我們正處于一個(gè)緊要的關(guān)口。juncture特定時(shí)刻，關(guān)頭。jig夾具，吉格舞。martin紫崖燕。martini馬提尼（雞尾酒）。因此，本題的正確答案為D。4.Ifhewinsthisrace,itwill______forhisrecentstringofdefeats.A.ameliorateB.atoneC.asperseD.ascertain【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：如果他贏得這場(chǎng)比賽，這將會(huì)彌補(bǔ)他最近一連串的失敗。atone彌補(bǔ)，贖罪。ameliorate改善，減輕。asperse誹謗。ascertain確定，查明。因此，本題的正確答案為B。5.Ifyou______,yousuddenlyshoutsomething,forexamplebecauseyouareverysurprised.A.betokenB.chideC.assayD.ejaculate【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：如果你突然大喊，往往是因?yàn)槟愀械胶荏@訝。ejaculate喊出；突然說(shuō)出（尤指因驚奇）。betoken預(yù)示，表示。chide責(zé)罵。assay化驗(yàn)；測(cè)定。因此，本題的正確答案為D。6.Shetrimmedthe______ofthetulipsbeforeputtingtheminavase.A.sprigB.spruceC.stakesD.stalks【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：她在把郁金香插進(jìn)花瓶之前，把花莖修剪了一下。stalk（植物）莖，稈。sprig帶葉小枝。spruce云杉。stake樁，棍子；賭注。因此，本題的正確答案為D。7.Usingtanksandheavy______,theyseizedthetown.A.artilleryB.artificeC.arteryD.artisan【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他們用坦克和重炮占領(lǐng)了這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。artillery大炮。artifice詭計(jì)，欺騙。artery動(dòng)脈；干道。artisan工匠。因此，本題的正確答案為A。8.Sheknewthathereffortsto______cheerfulnessweren’tconvincing.A.fermentB.fendC.festerD.feint【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：她明白自己強(qiáng)顏歡笑是瞞不了誰(shuí)的。feint假裝的。ferment發(fā)酵；動(dòng)亂。fend照料；避開(kāi)。fester潰爛；使……痛苦。因此，本題的正確答案為D。9.Hegavemean______eitherMaryhavetoleave,orme.A.ulcerB.ultimatumC.underdogD.underworld【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他給我下了最后通牒：不是瑪麗離開(kāi)，就是我離開(kāi)。ultimatum最后通牒。ulcer潰瘍，腐爛。underdog失敗者。underworld黑社會(huì)；地獄。因此，本題的正確答案為B。10.Mybikehashadtwo______inthelast3weeks.A.pureesB.puncturesC.pumasD.pundits【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我的自行車(chē)在過(guò)去三個(gè)星期里被扎了兩個(gè)洞。puncture（輪胎上刺破的）小孔，小洞。puree濃湯，果泥。puma美洲獅。pundit專(zhuān)家，權(quán)威。因此，本題的正確答案為B。11.Heleftwhatlittlefurnitureheownedtohislandlordin______ofrent.A.lilacB.lesionC.lieuD.levity【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他把僅有的幾件家具作為租金留給了房東。inlieuof代替。lilac淡紫色，丁香花。lesion損害。levity多變，輕浮。因此，本題的正確答案為C。12.Hewenttostrikeherfacebutshe______hishandwithherarm.A.adulatedB.parriedC.harriedD.griped【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他走過(guò)去打她的臉，但她用胳膊擋住了他的手。parry回避；擋開(kāi)。adulate奉承；諂媚。harry（不斷）煩擾；糾纏。gripe抱怨；腸胃絞痛。因此，本題的正確答案為B。13.Theladder______dangerouslyandInearlyfelloff.A.controvertedB.teeteredC.decipheredD.derogated【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：梯子危險(xiǎn)地?fù)u晃起來(lái)，我差點(diǎn)摔下來(lái)。teeter搖晃，搖擺。controvert否認(rèn)，駁斥；爭(zhēng)論，辯論。decipher破譯；辨認(rèn)。derogate毀損；貶低。因此，本題的正確答案為B。14.Mostpoliticalprisonerswerefreedunderthetermsofthe______.A.curatorB.dioceseC.amnestyD.inquest【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：大多數(shù)政治犯是根據(jù)大赦的條款被釋放的。amnesty大赦。curator監(jiān)護(hù)人；館長(zhǎng)。diocese教區(qū)。inquest審訊。因此，本題的正確答案為C。15.Industrialwasteis______theenvironment.A.deflectedB.deployedC.detractedD.despoiling【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：工業(yè)廢料正在破壞環(huán)境。despoil破壞，掠奪。deflect轉(zhuǎn)向；偏斜。deploy部署；展開(kāi)。detract貶低；轉(zhuǎn)移。因此，本題的正確答案為D。16.Inthesuburbsthespacioushousesstandin______contrasttotheslumsofthecity’spoor.A.foolhardyB.furtiveC.insidiousD.stark【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：郊區(qū)寬敞的大房子和城里的貧民窟形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。stark極端的，赤裸的。foolhardy蠻干的，有勇無(wú)謀的。furtive鬼鬼祟祟的。insidious陰險(xiǎn)的，狡猾的。因此，本題的正確答案為D。17.Ifthedambreaks,itwill______largepartsofthetown.A.inundateB.bootlegC.circumventD.gird【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：如果大壩決堤，它將淹沒(méi)城鎮(zhèn)的大部分地區(qū)。inundate淹沒(méi)；泛濫。bootleg非法販賣(mài)。circumvent包圍；繞行。gird束縛；嘲笑。因此，本題的正確答案為A。18.Herlaterwritingsolackedsubtletythatitalmostreadlikea______ofherearlierwork.A.urnB.satinC.consortiumD.parody【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：她后期的作品缺乏精妙之處，讀起來(lái)感覺(jué)像是對(duì)她早期作品的拙劣模仿。parody拙劣模仿。urn骨灰甕，大茶壺。satin緞子衣服。consortium財(cái)團(tuán)；聯(lián)合。因此，本題的正確答案為D。19.Itisa______ofcontemporarypsychologythatanindividual’smentalhealthissupportedbyhavinggoodsocialnetworks.A.tenorB.tenetC.tensileD.tentacle【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：良好的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)有利于一個(gè)人的心理健康，這是當(dāng)代心理學(xué)的原則。tenet原則，信條。tenor要旨；男高音。tensile可拉伸的。tentacle觸角。因此，本題的正確答案為B。20.Thecompany’ssales______from$11millionto$160million.A.zoomedB.doomedC.bustledD.butted【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：公司的銷(xiāo)售額從1100萬(wàn)美元飆升至1.6億美元。zoom急劇增長(zhǎng)，猛漲。doom注定。bustle喧鬧；催促。butt用頭頂。因此，本題的正確答案為A。Ⅱ.Cloze(20×1points)Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst(21)______,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis(22)______tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankindsfuture(23)______andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis(24)______forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They(25)______thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus(26)______aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower(27)______.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour(28)______forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually,(29)______afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical(30)______timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current(31)______ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.(32)______,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin(33)______grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing(34)______tothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe(35)______oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.(36)______someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen(37)______fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat(38)______withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage(39)______thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.(40)______,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.21.A.generatedB.evolvedC.bornD.originated22.A.valuableB.appropriateC.convenientD.favorite23.A.attainmentsB.feasibilityC.entertainmentsD.evolution24.A.essentialB.availableC.reliableD.responsible25.A.confirmB.informC.claimD.convince26.A.forB.fromC.ofD.with27.A.organizationsB.organismsC.humansD.children28.A.potentialB.performanceC.preferenceD.passion29.A.asB.justasC.likeD.unlike30.A.ideologicalB.biologicalC.socialD.psychological31.A.reviewsB.referenceC.reactionD.recommendation32.A.InawordB.InasenseC.IndeedD.Inotherwords33.A.variousB.differentC.thehigherD.thelower34.A.revealedB.exposedC.engagedD.involved35.A.regulationsB.formationsC.rulesD.constitutions36.A.AlthoughB.WhetherC.SinceD.When37.A.distinguishedB.differentC.protectedD.isolated38.A.expositionB.comparisonC.contrastD.interaction39.A.acquisitionB.appreciationC.requirementD.alternative40.A.AsaresultB.AfterallC.InotherwordsD.Aboveall【答案與解析】21.B 此處意為：當(dāng)人類(lèi)剛剛開(kāi)始進(jìn)化，他們?nèi)缤律鷥阂粯硬粫?huì)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言這種工具。evolve逐漸發(fā)展，進(jìn)化。generate產(chǎn)生。born出生。originate起源于。22.A 此處意為：語(yǔ)言并不是人類(lèi)選擇的結(jié)果，而是人類(lèi)在進(jìn)化過(guò)程中慢慢發(fā)展起來(lái)的，對(duì)人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)當(dāng)是珍貴的。valuable珍貴的。appropriate合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)?。convenient方便的，便利的。favorite最喜歡的。23.A 此處意為：語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展增加了人類(lèi)未來(lái)的成就和文化進(jìn)步的可能性。attainment成就。feasibility可行性。entertainment娛樂(lè)。evolution進(jìn)化。24.D 此處意為：許多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為進(jìn)化使人們產(chǎn)生和具備了語(yǔ)言的能力。固定短語(yǔ)beresponsiblefor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)。其他選項(xiàng)不與for搭配。25.C 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析，空格后應(yīng)是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而A，B，D三項(xiàng)后都不能接從句做直接賓語(yǔ)。confirm確認(rèn)。inform通知。convince使某人確信。26.D 固定搭配providesb.withsth.“向某人提供某物”。27.B 此處意為：我們高度發(fā)達(dá)的大腦使我們具備了其他低等動(dòng)物所不具備的語(yǔ)言能力。顯然，這里是把人和低等動(dòng)物相比較。因此選organisms“有機(jī)體，生物體”。28.A 此處意為：人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言潛能是與生倶來(lái)的，但語(yǔ)言本身在逐漸發(fā)展。potential潛能。performance性能；績(jī)效；表演。preference偏愛(ài)。passion激情。29.A 此處意為：語(yǔ)言本身作為童年時(shí)期大腦生長(zhǎng)的一種功能，其發(fā)展是緩慢的。as作為，符合題意。30.B 此處意為：語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵期，人體的成長(zhǎng)是生物變化的過(guò)程。biological生物的。ideological思想上的。social社會(huì)的。psychological心理的。31.A 此處意為：目前人們對(duì)“先天論”觀點(diǎn)不一，但是支持某些天生能力的證據(jù)卻是確鑿無(wú)疑的。review評(píng)論。reference參考。reaction反應(yīng)。recommendation推薦。32.C 由31題可知，作者是傾向于先天論的，為了進(jìn)一步證明先天論是有道理的，作者選擇了以學(xué)校為例加以說(shuō)明，因此這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞indeed“甚至”。33.D 此處意為：越來(lái)越多的學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)在什么年級(jí)學(xué)外語(yǔ)較容易。根據(jù)后文的“Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothem,whileadults…”可以選定答案。34.B 此處意為：通過(guò)接觸多種語(yǔ)言，孩子們可以學(xué)會(huì)好幾種語(yǔ)言。beexposedto是固定搭配，意為“接觸到”。reveal顯露，而revealsth.tosb在這里不合題意，因?yàn)楸绢}中的them指languages。剩余選項(xiàng)不與to搭配。engagein從事。beinvolvedin參與。35.C 此處意為：一旦母語(yǔ)的規(guī)則被深深印入腦海中，成年人就很難再學(xué)好另一種語(yǔ)言。rule規(guī)則，規(guī)律。regulation規(guī)定。formation構(gòu)成，構(gòu)造。constitution憲法；章程。36.A 分析上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，從句意思是：語(yǔ)言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是：語(yǔ)言不會(huì)在與人隔絕的狀況下自行發(fā)展。因此，前后應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。37.D 此處意為：與人隔絕的兒童不能掌握好一門(mén)語(yǔ)言。isolated偏遠(yuǎn)的；孤立的。distinguished卓越的。different不同的。protected受到保護(hù)的。38.D 此處總結(jié)前幾句，意為：必須通過(guò)與他人交往，語(yǔ)言才能夠發(fā)展。interaction相互作用；交流。exposition暴露。comparison比較。contrast對(duì)比。39.A 根據(jù)分析，本句中的“this”和“evenmorebasic”分別指代上句的“interactionwithotherhumanbeings”和“necessary”，此處所填詞對(duì)應(yīng)上文中的languagedevelopment，即languageacquisition語(yǔ)言習(xí)得。appreciation欣賞；感激。requirement要求。alternative供替代的選擇。40.C 本句是以另一種方式解釋前文中的“imitative,learnedbehavior（模仿性的后天行為）”。inotherwords換言之，換句話(huà)說(shuō)。asaresult結(jié)果是。afterall畢竟。aboveall首先。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension(20×2points)Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachofthemthere4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Passage1Ifyou,likeme,distrustschoolcafeterias,youpackhomemadelunchesforyourchildren,asIdiduntilmysonsfinishedhighschool.Butintherushtogetyoungstersup,dressed,fedandofftoschoolontime,thesafetyofthatpackedluncheasilycanbeoverlooked.Whiletherearenostatisticsonhowoftenschoolchildrenaresickenedbythelunchestheybringfromhome,it’sfarbettertobesafethansorry,saidNancyDonley,thepresidentofSTOPFOODBORNEILLNESS,anadvocacyorganization.Ms.Donley,wholivesinChicago,knowstherisksalltoowell.In1993shelostheronlychild,6-year-oldAlex,tooneofthenastiestfoodcontaminants,innocentlyconsumedinstore-boughtgroundmeat.Ratherthanretreatintoafetalposition,shechanneledhergriefandangerintohelpingothersavoidasimilartragedy.AccordingtothelatestdatafromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,oneinsixAmericanswillbefelledbyfoodpoisoningthisyear,with128,000hospitalizedand3,000peopledyingasaresult.Thirty-oneorganismsareknowncausesof9.4millionoftheseillnesses,but38.4millionpeoplewillbesickenedbyunknownpathogens.Ourextraordinarilycomplexfoodsupply,withcommoditiescominginyearroundfromallovertheworld,hasseriouslychallengedgovernmenteffortstokeepconsumerssafe.“Overtheyears,we’vemadeprogressinsomeareasbutgonebackwardinothers,”Ms.Donleysaidinaninterview.“Withsomanydeathsandillnesseseachyearfromcontaminatedfoods,there’sstillalongwaytogo.”Whileorganizationslikeherspressforstricterinspectionstandardsfromthegovernmentandtightercontrolsfromthefoodindustry,Ms.Donleybelievesthatconsumersalsomustprotectthemselvesasbesttheycan.“It’simportantforthepublictounderstandtherearerisksinfood,andit’suptothemtotrytomitigatethoserisks,”shesaid.Andsincechildrenareamongthemostvulnerabletosevereconsequencesoffoodpoisoning,itmakessensetostartwiththelunchestheytaketoschool.Astandardruleoffoodsafetyistokeepcoldfoodscoldandhotfoodshotuntilitistimetoeatthem.Temperaturesbetween40degreesand140degrees,notuncommoninpackedlunchesthatsitinwarmclassroomsforhours,areidealconditionsforbacterialgrowth.Insulatedlunchboxescanhelpkeepfoodsafer.Thebestbox(hard-sidedorsoft)hasaninsulatedliningandapocketinwhichtoplaceathinfreezerpacktohelpkeepthecontentscolduntiltheyareconsumed.Whattoputinthoseboxes?Foodslikepeanutbutterandslicedcheesecantolerateroomtemperatureswithoutspoiling,especiallyifinsulationislacking.Alsoconsiderpantry-safefoodspackedineasy-to-opencontainers,liketunathatcanbeeatenoutofaflip-topcan,withorwithoutbread.Boxedmilkorjuicesoldunrefrigeratedisalsoasafebet.Andyoucanfreezethese(aswellasawaterbottle)aheadoftimeandusethemascoldpacks;astheydefrost,they’llkeeptherestofthelunchchilled.Anumberofsandwiches—forexample,thosemadewithlunchmeats,tunaoreggsalad—canbemadethenightbeforeandfrozenaswell;they’lldefrostbylunchtime.Ifyourchildlikeslettuceandtomato,packthemseparatelytobeputonthesandwichbeforeeating.Ifyouincludecut-upvegetables,besuretheyarewashedfirstandpackedinacleancontainer.Driedfruitsandwholefruitslikeapples,bananas,orangesandgrapescanroundoutthemealandcanbekeptsafelyatroomtemperature.Butallfreshfruits,eventhosethatwillbepeeled,mustbewashedbeforetheyareputinthelunchbox.Beforepreparingfood,washyourhandswithwarmwaterandsoapfor20seconds.Counter-topsandcuttingboardsshouldbewashedaswell;theycanbesanitized.Forthesakeofconvenience,Iuseaspray-onbleachproducttocleanmycountertopsandsink,andIwasheverythingthatcomesintocontactwithrawanimalproductsimmediatelyafteruse.Ofcourse,anysurface,utensilorhandthatcomesintocontactwithrawmeat,poultry,fishoreggsmustalwaysbethoroughlycleanedbeforebeingusedforotherfoods,includingthosesamefoodsaftertheyarecooked.Ideally,childrenshouldwashupbeforelunch,butthatmaynothappenwhentheyhaveonly15to20minutestoeat.Alternatively,putapocket-sizehandsanitizerormoistenedantibacterialtoweletteinthelunchboxandinstructthemtouseitbeforetheyeat.FromTheNewYorkTimes,August29,201141.Accordingtotheauthor,thesafetyofhomemadelunches______.A.isobviouslyensuredB.canbeeasilyignoredC.isnobetterthanfoodinschoolcafeteriasD.isknowntoallthepeople42.SomepartiesarementionedinthearticleintermsoftakingresponsibilityofmitigatingthefoodpoisoningEXCEPT______.A.thegovernmentB.thefoodindustryC.thepressD.consumers43.Inordertoensurefoodsafetyyoushould______.A.keeppackedlunchesbetween40degreesand140degreesB.keepcoldfoodscoldandhotfoodshotC.putthefoodinlunchboxeswithasoftliningandapocketD.keepthelunchboxesinwarmclassrooms44.______canperfectthemeal.A.PeanutbutterorslicedcheeseB.BoxedmilkorjuiceC.TunaoreggsaladD.Driedfruitsandwholefruits45.Ifthereisnotenoughtimetohavelunch,childrencanwashupbyusing______.A.aspray-onbleachproductB.warmwaterC.soapD.apocket-sizehandsanitizer【答案與解析】41.B 本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干，我們可以參考文章第一段的第二句“Butintherushtogetyoungstersup,dressed,fedandofftoschoolontime,thesafetyofthatpackedluncheasilycanbeoverlooked.”人們常常對(duì)學(xué)校食堂提供的食物抱有不信任的態(tài)度，但是早上為了幫助孩子起床、穿衣、吃飯并準(zhǔn)時(shí)出發(fā)去學(xué)校，時(shí)間會(huì)非常匆忙，以至于會(huì)忽視所準(zhǔn)備的午飯的安全性。因此答案為B。42.C 本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第五段的第一句“Whileorganizationslikeherspressforstricterinspectionstandardsfromthegovernmentandtightercontrolsfromthefoodindustry,Ms.Donleybelievesthatconsumersalsomustprotectthemselvesasbesttheycan.”這段話(huà)中提到需要對(duì)食物安全進(jìn)行監(jiān)督的方面有政府、食品行業(yè)以及消費(fèi)者自身，并沒(méi)有提到媒體，所以應(yīng)該選擇C。43.B 本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第七段第一句話(huà)告訴我們“Astandardruleoffoodsafetyistokeepcoldfoodscoldandhotfoodshot.”，因此選項(xiàng)B正確。本段還提出不要把食物保持在40～140攝氏度之間，因?yàn)榇藴囟扔欣诩?xì)菌的滋生，因此選項(xiàng)A和D錯(cuò)誤。同時(shí)本段還提到了有隔熱作用的午餐盒（“Insulatedlunchboxescanhelpkeepfoodsafer.”），并且文章還指出，最好帶有隔熱襯里和一個(gè)可以放置輕薄冷凍包裝的小袋子，因此選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤。44.D 本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第八段中提到選項(xiàng)A（foodslikepeanutbutterandslicedcheese）可以放在常溫下；第九段提到選項(xiàng)B（boxedmilkorjuicesoldunrefrigerated）也是一個(gè)安全的選擇，你也可以提前冷藏一下，那么當(dāng)解凍的時(shí)候，正好也可以冷卻其他的午餐。這一段還提到了選項(xiàng)C（tunaoreggsalad）可以前一天晚上準(zhǔn)備并冷藏起來(lái)。同時(shí)還可以吃一些水果，使午餐更加完美，當(dāng)然水果可以放在常溫下。綜上所述答案為D。45.D 本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。先分析一下四個(gè)選項(xiàng)：選項(xiàng)A“噴霧漂白產(chǎn)品”可以用來(lái)清洗廚房的工作臺(tái)面和洗滌槽（“Iuseaspray-onbleachproducttocleanmycountertopsandsink.”）；選項(xiàng)B“溫水”和C項(xiàng)“肥皂”是在準(zhǔn)備食物之前用來(lái)洗手的；選項(xiàng)D“口袋大小的洗手液”是在沒(méi)有太多時(shí)間吃午飯時(shí)，為方便起見(jiàn)用來(lái)洗手的。因此答案為D。PassageTwoBiologically,thereisonlyonequalitywhichdistinguishesusfromanimals:theabilitytolaugh.Inauniversewhichappearstobeutterlydevoidofhumor,weenjoythissupremeluxury.Anditisaluxury,forunlikeanyotherbodilyprocess,laughterdoesnotseemtoserveabiologicallyusefulpurpose.Inadivideworld,laughterisaunifyingforce.Humanbeingsopposeeachotheronagreatmanyissues.Nationsmaydisagreeaboutsystemsofgovernmentandhumanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcamps,butweallsharetheabilitytolaugh.Andlaughter,inturn,dependsonthatmostcomplexandsubtleofallhumanqualities:asenseofhumor.Certaincomicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.Thiscanbestbeseenfromtheworld-widepopularityofCharlieChaplin’searlyfilms.Thelittlemanatoddswithsocietyneverfailstoamusenomatterwhichcountrywecomefrom.Asthatgreatcommentatoronhumanaffairs,Dr.SamuelJohnson,onceremarked,“Menhavebeenwiseinverydifferentmodes;buttheyhavealwayslaughedinthesameway.”Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromarefinedtingletoanearthquakingroar,buttheeffectisalwaysthesame.Humorhelpsustomaintainacorrectsenseofvalues.Itistheonequalitywhichpoliticalfanaticsappeartolack.Ifwecanseethefunnyside,wenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremovedfromcomedy,sowenevergetalopsidedviewofthings.Thisisoneofthechieffunctionsofsatireandirony.Humanpainandsufferingaresogrim;wehoversooftenonthebrinkofwar;politicalrealitiesareusuallyenoughtoplungeusintototaldespair.Insuchcircumstances,cartoonsandsatiricalaccountsofsomberpoliticaleventsredressthebalance.Theytakethewindoutofpompousandarrogantpoliticianswhohavelosttheirsenseofproportion.Theyenableustoseethatmanyofourmostprofoundactionsaremerelycomicorabsurd.WelaughwhenagreatsatiristlikeSwiftwritesaboutwarinGulliver’sTravels.TheLilliputiansandtheirneighborsattackeachotherbecausetheycan’tagreewhichendtobreakanegg.Welaughbecausewemeanttolaugh;butwearemeanttoweeptoo.Itistoopowerfulaweapontobeallowedtoflourish.Thesenseofhumormustbesingledoutasman’smostimportantqualitybecauseitisassociatedwithlaughter.Andlaughter,inturn,isassociatedwithhappiness.Courage,determination,initiative-thesearequalitieswesharewithotherformsoflife.Butthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Ifhappinessisoneofthegreatgoalsoflife,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.46.Themostimportantofallhumanqualitiesis______[A]asenseofhumor.[B]asenseofsatire.[C]asenseoflaughter.[D]asenseofhistory.47.TheauthormentionsaboutCharlieChaplin’searlyfilmsbecause______[A]theycanamusepeople.[B]humanbeingsaredifferentfromanimals.[C]theyshowthatcertaincomicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.[D]theyshowthatpeoplehavethesameabilitytolaugh.48.Oneofthechieffunctionsofironyandsatireis______[A]toshowabsurdityofactions.[B]toredressbalance.[C]totakethewindoutofpoliticians.[D]toshowtoomuchgrimnessintheworld.49.Whatdowelearnfromthesentence“itistoopowerfulaweapontobeallowedtoflourishintotalitarianregimes?”[A]Itcanrevealthetruthofpoliticaleventswithsatire.[B]Itcanarousepeopletoriot.[C]Itshowstragedyandcomedyarerelated.[D]Itcanmakepeoplelaugh.50.WhoisSwift?[A]Anovelist.[B]Apoet.[C]Adramatist.[D]Anessayist.【答案與解析】46.A 文章一開(kāi)始就提出人類(lèi)之所以區(qū)別于動(dòng)物是因?yàn)槿擞行Φ墓δ?，笑是基于人?lèi)最復(fù)雜而又微妙的品質(zhì)――幽默感，這是人類(lèi)所獨(dú)有的。因此，本題的正確答案為A。47.C 作者提卓別林電影的目的是證明某些喜劇模式對(duì)全世界都有吸引力，即C選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“它可以取悅?cè)魏稳恕?；B選項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)和動(dòng)物不同”；D選項(xiàng)“證明人有同樣笑的功能。”48.B B選項(xiàng)意為“使各種事情重新相等和均衡”。第三段著重講了這一點(diǎn)：人類(lèi)在痛苦中掙扎，政治實(shí)現(xiàn)令人絕望，在這種處境中，對(duì)某些政治事物的諷刺挖苦和漫畫(huà)可以使各種心理重新平衡，可使失去均衡感的政客低下高傲頭顱；可使我看見(jiàn)許多深邃的事情荒謬可笑。A選項(xiàng)“表現(xiàn)行為的荒唐”；C選項(xiàng)“使政治家氣餒”；D選項(xiàng)“表現(xiàn)世界上太多的令人沮喪之事?！?9.A 由題干定位到倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句，結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可知，A選項(xiàng)“它可以以諷刺的手法解釋政治時(shí)間的真相”正是對(duì)這句話(huà)的同義改寫(xiě)。B選項(xiàng)“這可促使人民暴動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)“它表示了悲劇和喜劇相聯(lián)系”；D選項(xiàng)“它能令人哭”。50.A 由倒數(shù)第二段的“WelaughwhenagreatsatiristlikeSwiftwritesaboutwarinGulliver’sTravels”可知，斯威夫特是《格列佛游記》的作者，因此答案為novelist（小說(shuō)家）。PassageThreeCanelectricitycausecancer?Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpower,theveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecade,agrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectro-magneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettling,tosaytheleast,sinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfields,whicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectrical,frompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate—ortheworstkindofparanoia.NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Intheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreview,releasedindraftformlatelastweek,theEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence“suggestsacasuallink”betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer,WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolostsleep.Ifthereisacancerrisk,itisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhiteHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon:Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,itgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects.Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligauss,oraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfield.Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeter,butthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.Howcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdanger?Theconsensususedtobethattheycouldnot,andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such“ionizing”radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.Butepidemiologicalstudies,whichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdata,donotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissues,amechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.ThePentagonisforfrompersuaded.Inablistering33critiqueoftheEPAreport,AirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving“biasedtheentiredocument”towardprovingalink.“Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthat(electromagneticfields)presentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancer,”theAirForceconcludes.“ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldlenditsimprimaturonthisreport.”ThenPentagon’sconcernisunderstandable.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.51.Themainideaofthispassageis______[A]studiesonthecauseofcancer.[B]controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancer.[C]therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer.[D]differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncaner.52.Theview-pointoftheEPAis______[A]thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancer.[B]electricityreallyaffectscancer.[C]controversial.[D]lowfrequencyelectromagneticfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer53.WhydidthePentagonandWhiteHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?Because______.[A]itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.[B]everyunitofthemodemmilitaryhasdependedontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment.[C]thePentagon’sconcernwasunderstandable.[D]theyhaddifferentarguments.54.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon______[A]theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldistooweaktobeharmful.[B]theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldisweakerthantheelectricfieldthatthecellsgenerate.[C]electromagneticfieldmayaffecthealth.[D]onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.55.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?[A]Theyareindifferent.[B]Theyareworriedverymuch.[C]Themayexerciseprudentavoidance.[D]Theyareshocked.【答案與解析】51.D 文章一開(kāi)始就提出了“電會(huì)致癌嗎？”這個(gè)問(wèn)題。十多年來(lái)，一大批科學(xué)家和新聞界人士都指出：研究結(jié)果似乎表明，接觸電磁場(chǎng)可能會(huì)增加患白血病和其他惡性腫瘤的危險(xiǎn)性。所以說(shuō)到目前為止還難以確定電力對(duì)健康的影響究竟是理性的，還是杞人憂(yōu)天。因此，本題的正確答案為D，即“電力對(duì)癌癥影響的不同觀點(diǎn)”。A，B這兩項(xiàng)根本不對(duì)，和文中電力毫無(wú)關(guān)系。而C選項(xiàng)表示“電力和癌癥的關(guān)系”，文中涉及的只是電力究竟會(huì)不會(huì)致癌的兩種不同觀點(diǎn)，而不是兩者的關(guān)系。52.A 根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence‘suggestsacasuallink’betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer,”環(huán)保署目前的結(jié)論是據(jù)科學(xué)證據(jù)指出極低頻電磁場(chǎng)——具有長(zhǎng)波的電磁場(chǎng)——和白血病，淋巴瘤及腦癌之間有著難以確定的聯(lián)系。因此答案為A“電和致癌有一定難以確定的關(guān)系”。53.B B選項(xiàng)意為“現(xiàn)代軍事的任何部門(mén)都一直依賴(lài)于大量應(yīng)用電子設(shè)備?！蔽褰谴髽呛桶讓m之所以反對(duì)環(huán)保署公布報(bào)告的理由就在此?？哲姺矫娴膶?zhuān)家之所以說(shuō)環(huán)保署方面的報(bào)告“歪曲了整個(gè)文件以證明兩者之間的關(guān)系”也在于此。A選項(xiàng)表示“報(bào)告會(huì)在布什政府內(nèi)引起大規(guī)模的辯論”，這是結(jié)果。C選項(xiàng)表示“五角大樓的關(guān)注是可以理解的”，這不是原因。D選項(xiàng)表示“他們有不同的觀點(diǎn)”。54.A 答案在文章第四段的二、三句，即“當(dāng)電流通過(guò)電纜，產(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)，對(duì)周?chē)矬w產(chǎn)生(影響)力。許多年來(lái)，科學(xué)家把任何有關(guān)這些力可能有害的想法置于一邊(不予考慮)，主要是因?yàn)樗鼈?所產(chǎn)生的力)非常弱?！币虼?，答案為A“磁場(chǎng)力太弱不會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害作用”。55.C A選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”可以直接排除，因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)直接影響人的性命。B，D這兩項(xiàng)也都不可能