中國科學(xué)院考博英語歷年真題及詳解

2008年3月中國科學(xué)院考博英語真題及詳解

 

PARTⅠ VOCABULARY(15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach)

Directions:Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

1Inamaterialisticand______society,people’sinterestseemstobefocusedsolelyonmonetarypursuit.

A.adaptive

B.addictive

C.acquisitive

D.arrogant

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：在一個(gè)物欲和貪財(cái)?shù)纳鐣?，人們的目光似乎只盯在對金錢的追求上。acquisitive(尤指對物質(zhì)財(cái)富、錢財(cái)?shù)?渴望得到的，想獲得的。adaptive適合的，能適應(yīng)的。addictive上癮的，醉心的。arrogant傲慢的，自大的。

 

2EvenifIwonamillion-dollarlottery,Iwouldcontinuetolive______.

A.subtly

B.frugally

C.explicitly

D.cautiously

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：即使我贏得了一百萬美元的彩票，我也會繼續(xù)保持我的節(jié)儉生活。frugally節(jié)儉地，不豪華地。subtly巧妙地，精細(xì)地。explicitly明確地，顯而易見地。cautiously慎重地，細(xì)心地。

 

3Doctorsmustinform______parentsaboutthelowoddsofsuccessinfertilitytreatments.

A.protective

B.respective

C.prospective

D.perspective

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：醫(yī)生必須告知期望做生育治療的父母此種治療的低成功率。prospective未來的，預(yù)期的。protective保護(hù)的，防護(hù)的。respective各自的，各個(gè)的。perspective透視的。

 

4MosheKatzma,24,deniedany______withthebeatinggiventothehomelessman,whowasfoundoutsideaNationalHeadquartersoffice.

A.involvement

B.admission

C.isolation

D.access

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：二十四歲的MosheKatzma否認(rèn)與在國家總部辦公室外發(fā)現(xiàn)的那個(gè)無家可歸的人的被毆打事件有任何瓜葛。involvementwith參與，有瓜葛。admission許可，承認(rèn)。isolation隔離，孤立。access通路，接近的機(jī)會。

 

5Thereareanestimatedeightmillionpeoplecurrentlythoughttobeeligibleto______incometax.

A.reclaim

B.recover

C.restore

D.return

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：據(jù)估計(jì)，近期約有八百萬人被認(rèn)為有資格申報(bào)所得稅。return申報(bào)，填報(bào)，如returnthedetailsofone’sincome申報(bào)個(gè)人收入細(xì)目（報(bào)稅）。reclaim取回，要求歸還。restore恢復(fù)，歸還，修復(fù)。

 

6Astheskylightenedevenmore,theybeganto______theirsurroundingsmoreclearly.

A.fallout

B.fallinto

C.makeup

D.makeout

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：當(dāng)天更亮一點(diǎn)時(shí)，他們開始更清楚地查看周邊的環(huán)境。makeout看清楚，弄清。fallout爭吵，跌落。fallinto分成，落入，開始討論。makeup彌補(bǔ)，和解，化妝。

 

7China’s______culturalheritageshouldbebetterprotectedthroughincreasedeffortstopreserveendangeredart.

A.inalienable

B.intangible

C.intelligible

D.indivisible

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：通過增加對瀕危藝術(shù)的保護(hù)，中國的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)可以得到更好的保護(hù)。intangible無形的，難以理解的。intangibleculturalheritage非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。inalienable(權(quán)利等)不可剝奪的，不可分割的。intelligible可理解的，純概念性的。indivisible不可分割的，極微小的。

 

8Thematteris______settled;wemaylookuponitasbeingsettled.

A.aslongas

B.forgood

C.forsure

D.asgoodas

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：這件事差不多解決了，我們可以就當(dāng)它已經(jīng)解決了。asgoodas和…幾乎一樣，事實(shí)上。aslongas只要，長達(dá)…之久。forgood永久地，一勞永逸地。forsure肯定地，確實(shí)如此。

 

9Anannouncementoffurthercutsingovernmentexpenditureis______.

A.imminent

Beminent

C.illiterate

D.emergent

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：最近將發(fā)布進(jìn)一步削減政府開支的公告。imminent即將發(fā)生的，逼近的。eminent值得注意的，卓越的，高聳的。illiterate文盲的，無知的。emergent突如其來的，新興的。

 

10The______inoursoapsshouldcomeonlyfromessentialoils,whicharesteamedorpressedfromplants.

A.scents

B.scenarios

C.scenes

D.scales

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：我們用的香皂中的香味只能來自從植物中蒸餾或擠壓出來的香精油。scent香味，氣味。scenario劇情梗概，事態(tài)，設(shè)想。scene現(xiàn)場，場景。scale鱗片，水垢。

 

11A______ofthisapproachisthatthevariablesarevisuallypresentedinastylethatcanbeunderstoodbygeneralistsandspecialistsalike.

A.value

B.merit

C.factor

D.worth

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：這種方法的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是變量能以一種可視的方式展現(xiàn)出來，無論是多面手還是專家都可以理解。merit/value/worth都可用做名詞，含“優(yōu)點(diǎn)”“價(jià)值”的意思，具體區(qū)別如下：merit指“成就或品質(zhì)中值得贊揚(yáng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”；value指“重要性”“價(jià)值”；worth著重指“人或物本質(zhì)中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)或價(jià)值”。

 

12Desperation,hunger,thirst,andresentmentallmakeitmorelikelythatpeoplewill______amorepowerfulfigurewhopromisesthemhelpand/orsalvation.

A.beproneto

B.giveinto

C.liveupto

D.putanendto

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：絕望、饑渴與憎恨都使人們更加可能臣服于一個(gè)更加強(qiáng)壯的許諾幫助或拯救他們的人物。giveinto屈服于，向…呈上。beproneto傾向于，易于。liveupto實(shí)踐，做到。putanendto結(jié)束，終止。

 

13Thesentencegiventothecriminalwasmuchtoo______;murdershouldcarrythemaximumpenalty.

A.negligent

B.solitary

C.lenient

D.tedious

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：對這個(gè)罪犯的處罰太仁慈了；謀殺就應(yīng)該被處以最高懲罰。lenient寬大的，仁慈的。negligent粗心的，隨便的。solitary獨(dú)居的，荒涼的。tedious沉悶的，單調(diào)乏味的。

 

14Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore______thanthewoodenbox.

A.terminal

B.durable

C.persistent

D.bearable

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：盡管不好看，拉爾夫知道這個(gè)鐵盒子會比木盒子耐用。durable不易損壞的，堅(jiān)固的。terminal末端的，不治的。persistent固執(zhí)的，反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的。bearable承受得住的，經(jīng)得起的。

 

15InChina,althoughpeopleinmanyregionsearnmuchlessthanthoseinprosperousregions,theyalsopaymuchlessfor______commodities,suchashousing.

A.disposable

B.redundant

C.equivalent

D.interchangeable

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：在中國，盡管在許多地區(qū)人們掙的錢比在繁華地區(qū)少很多，但同等商品的物價(jià)也會低很多，比如說房子。equivalent相同的，等價(jià)的。disposable一次性使用的，可任意的。redundant多余的，大量的。interchangeable可互換的，可交替的。

 

16Thisleadsrecordcompaniestotreatmusiciansascontractedartistswhoarenotpaidafixedsumfortheirlabor-time,butinsteadreceiveroyaltiesin______totheirsuccess.

A.addition

B.relation

C.percentage

D.proportion

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：這導(dǎo)致唱片公司將音樂家當(dāng)簽約藝術(shù)家對待，他們不是按工作時(shí)間的多少領(lǐng)取固定報(bào)酬而是按照他們的成就獲取相應(yīng)的提成。inproportionto與…成比例。inadditionto除…以外，除…之外還。inrelationto關(guān)于…，與…相比較。percentage百分率，利息。

 

17Terroristswillgotoanylengthto______theirevilends,andpaynoattentiontothebasiclivingrightsofotherpeace-lovingpeople.

A.reach

B.gain

C.achieve

D.succeed

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：恐怖主義者將會不擇手段地達(dá)到他們的邪惡目的，完全不會顧及其他和平愛好者的基本生存權(quán)利。gainone’send和achieveone’send都有“達(dá)到目的”的意思，但二者的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同。achieve側(cè)重指“經(jīng)過努力達(dá)到某種目的”；gain側(cè)重指“經(jīng)過努力或奮斗獲得某種利益或通過競爭獲得某些有價(jià)值的東西”。

 

18AustraliacontinuedthefighttoendJapan’sannualwhalehunts,warningthatitsplantokillhumpbackwhalesinAntarcticacould______outrage.

A.spark

B.lead

C.result

D.involve

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：澳大利亞繼續(xù)為阻止日本每年的捕鯨活動而奮斗，警告說日本捕殺南極洲座頭鯨的計(jì)劃會引起人們的憤怒。sparkoutrage引起憤怒，固定搭配。

 

19AtthemomenteverycultureinBritainhasasimilarphilosophyasfarassize______:ifyouwanttolookgoodandbedesirable,you’vegottobethin.

A.shows

B.states

C.says

D.goes

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：就體形而言，現(xiàn)在英國的各個(gè)文化群體有著相同的觀點(diǎn)：如果你想看起來美麗性感，你就得瘦。asfarasitgoes就其本身而言，就目前的情況而論。

 

20Womenwhoenteredvoluntaryworkduringtheinter-waryearsdidsolargelybecauseitprovidedthemwith______fromhouseholdroutine.

A.distortion

B.diversion

C.dissipate

D.discount

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)之間的那些年中，參加志愿者工作的女性相當(dāng)多，因?yàn)檫@可以讓她們暫時(shí)放下繁瑣的家務(wù)。diversion偏離、轉(zhuǎn)向；消遣、娛樂。discount折扣；漠視，低估。distortion扭曲，扭歪。dissipate（動詞）使消散，驅(qū)散，浪費(fèi)。

 

PARTⅡ CLOZETEST(15minutes,15points)

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbelow.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

Therearesomanynewbooksaboutdyingthattherearenowspecialshelvessetasidefortheminbookshops,alongwiththehealth-dietandhome-repairpaperbacks.Someofthemareso(21)_____withdetailedinformationandstep-by-stepinstructionsforperformingthefunction,thatyou’dthinkthiswasanewsortof(22)_____whichallofusarenowrequiredtolearn.Thestrongestimpressionthecasualreadergetsisthatproperdyinghasbecomeanextraordinary,(23)_____anexoticexperience,somethingonlythespeciallytrainedcando.

(24)_____,youcouldbeledtobelievethatwearetheonly(25)_____capableofbeingawareofdeath,andthatwhentherestofnatureisexperiencingthelifecycleanddying,onegenerationafter(26)_____,itisadifferentkindofprocess,doneautomaticallyandtrivially,ormore“natural”,aswesay.

Anelminourbackyard(27)_____theblight(枯萎病)thissummeranddroppedstonedead,leafless,almostovernight.Oneweekend(28)_____wasanormal-lookingelm,maybealittlebareinspotsbut(29)_____alarming,andthenextweekenditwasgone,passedover,departed,taken.Takenisright,forthetreesurgeoncamebyyesterdaywithhis(30)_____ofyounghelpersandtheircherrypicker,andtookitdownbranchbybranchandcarteditoffinthebackofaredtruck,everyone(21)_____.

Thedying(32)_____afieldmouse,atthejawsofanamiablehouseholdcat,isaspectacleIhavebeheldmanytimes.It(33)_____tomakemewince.However,earlyinlifeIgaveupthrowingsticks(34)_____thecattomakehimdropthemouse,(35)_____thedroppedmouseregularlywentaheadanddiedanyway.

21A.contained

B.embraced

C.packed

D.littered

22A.ability

B.skill

C.quality

D.technology

23A.and

B.even

C.yet

D.but

24A.Furthermore

B.However

C.Evenso

D.Sincethen

25A.races

B.creatures

C.people

D.human

26A.theother

B.another

C.thenext

D.thefollowing

27A.caught

B.held

C.took

D.picked

28A.that

B.which

C.it

D.this

29A.something

B.anything

C.nothing

D.everything

30A.crew

B.members

C.corps

D.fellows

31A.sings

B.sand

C.sung

D.singing

32A.to

B.in

C.for

D.of

33A.was

B.wasused

C.used

D.wasabout

34A.into

B.on

C.at

D.off

35A.but

B.because

C.while

D.inorderthat

【答案與解析】

21C bepackedwith充滿了，塞滿了。belitteredwith使…充滿（垃圾，廢棄物等）。

22B learnaskill學(xué)一種技能，與上文提到的“書中滿是執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)功能的一步一步的指示”相對應(yīng)。

23B 句意：那些隨便看看書的人的最深刻的印象就是正確的死亡方法已經(jīng)成為了一種特別的甚至是奇異的經(jīng)歷，只有那些受過特殊訓(xùn)練的人才能做到。even表遞進(jìn)。

24A furthermore而且，此外；表示對上文內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充與延伸。however然而，可是；表轉(zhuǎn)折。evenso雖然如此，即使這樣。sincethen從那時(shí)起。

25B 本句提到therestofnature，即作者把“我們”跟自然界其他所有的生物相比較。因此creatures更符合語境。

26B oneafteranother一個(gè)接一個(gè)地，相繼地。

27A catch感染上（疾?。迹ú。?。

28C it指代theelm（榆樹），與接下來的itwasgone,passedover...中的it相同。

29C nothingalarming沒什么令人擔(dān)心的，與前面提到的normal-looking相對應(yīng)。

30A crew一起工作的人，一群做同一工作的人。member成員，會員。corps軍團(tuán)或經(jīng)專門訓(xùn)練或有特種使命的隊(duì)，組，團(tuán)。fellow同伴，同事。如果用fellows，則可以省掉ofyounghelpers。

31D 現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。

32D afieldmouse為dying的定語，根據(jù)下文可以得出句意為“一只田鼠的死”，中間的插入語表示它是如何死掉的。

33C usedtodo過去常常做某事。beusedtodo被用來做某事。beto和beaboutto都表示“將要，剛要”。

34C throwat向…扔去，擲去。throwinto扔進(jìn)，使…（突然）陷入。throwon匆忙穿上。throwoff甩掉，去除，使迷惑。

35B “被貓放走的老鼠通常走掉后還是會死”是我放棄了“向貓扔棍子迫使它把老鼠放掉”的原因。

 

PARTⅢ READINGCOMPREHENSION

SectionA(60minutes,30points)

Directions:Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Writingaboutmusicislikedancingaboutarchitecture,orsothesayinggoes.SometimesattributedtoFrankZappa,othertimestoElvisCostello,thisquoteisusuallyintendedtoconveythefutilityofsuchanendeavor,ifnotthecompletesillinessofevenattemptingit.ButGlennKurtz’sgracefulmemoir,Practicing:AMusician’sReturntoMusic,turnstheexpressiononitshead,givingitadifferentmeaningbycreatingalovely,uniquebook.

Kurtzpickeduptheguitarasakidinamusic-lovingfamily,attendedtheLongIslandmusicschool,andwentontoplayonMervGriffin’sTVshowbeforegraduatingfromTuftsUniversity.MotivatingtheyoungKurtzwasthedreamofreinventingclassicalguitar,asifbyhisgreatambitionalonehecouldpushitfromthemarginsofpopularinteresttocenterstage—somethingnotevenaccomplishedbythelateSpanishguitaristAndrésSegovia,perhapstheonlyartistoftheformevertoreachanythingresemblingwidespreadcelebrity.

Thisbookreadslikealovestoryofsorts:Boymeetsguitar.Boylovesguitar.Guitarbreaksboy’sheartor,moreprecisely,theordinarinessofaworkingmusician’slifedoesso.“I’djustimaginedtheartist’slifenaively,childishly,withtoomuchlonging,toomuchpoetryandinnocenceandpurity,”Kurtzwrites.“Theguitarhadbeentheinstrumentofmydreams.Nowthedreamwasover.”

Boyleavesguitar.Werethestorytoendhere,thisbookwouldbeatragedy,butafternearlyadecadetheboyreturnstoguitar,andalthoughhehaslosttheenthusiasmhehadinhisyouth,hefindshisloveoftheguitaragaininawayhenevercouldhaveappreciatedbefore.

AlthoughKurtziswritingaboutauniquemusicalpath,hisjourneyspeakseloquentlytotheheartofanyonewhohaseverdesperatelyyearnedtoachievesomethingandfeltthestingofdisappointment.“Everyonewhogivesupaseriouschildhooddream—ofbecominganartist,adoctor,anengineer,anathlete—livestherestoftheirlifewithasenseofloss,withnaggingwhatifs,”hewrites“Isthattimeandeffort,thattalentandambition,trulywasted?”

36ThequotationmentionedinParagraph1impliesthatwritingaboutmusicis______.

A.anambitiousattempt

B.amodernformofart

C.animpossibletask

D.arewardingexperience

37AsayoungmanGlennKurtzwantedto______.

A.surpassAndrésSegovia’sachievement

B.transformclassicalguitar

C.becomeaTVmusicstar

D.liveonarts

38Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutclassicalguitar?

A.Itisnotpopularwiththepublic.

B.Itisnotaneasyskilltomaster.

C.Itisafavoriteofmanyyoungpeople.

D.ItisacrazeinsomecountrieslikeSpain.

39Accordingtothepassage,AndrésSegovia______.

A.helpedGlennKurtztobecomeagoodguitarist

B.madeclassicalguitarbecomeapopularform

C.wasawell-knownclassicalguitarist

D.wasGlennKurtz’srolemodel

40Paragraph3suggeststhatwhat“theordinarinessofaworkingmusician’slife”doestotheboyis______.

A.keephimingreatexcitement

B.bringhimgreatdisappointment

C.helphimcreategreatmusic

D.tellhimagreatmusician’sduty

41ThebookPracticing:AMusician’sReturntoMusicmainlytellsthat_______.

A.onewillbemadebitterbyhisfrustration

B.relivingolddreamscanberewarding

C.withoutdreamslifeisincomplete

D.it’sinevitableforamusiciantoexperiencesetbacks

【答案與解析】

36C 本段第二句的用詞：futility（無益，徒勞無功）和silliness（愚蠢，糊涂）與選項(xiàng)C的描述最貼近。

37B 第二段提到y(tǒng)oungKurtz的夢想是reinventingclassicalguitar。reinvent徹底改造，重新使用。transform改革，使改變（性質(zhì)、機(jī)能等）。

38A 第二段提到Kurtz年輕時(shí)的夢想就是改造古典吉他，topushitfromthemarginsofpopularinteresttocenterstage“把它從大眾興趣的邊緣推到中央舞臺上”。由此可知傳統(tǒng)吉他并不受大眾歡迎。

39C 第二段最后一句話提到AndrésSegovia是唯一一位獲得相當(dāng)知名度的吉他演奏家。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)文中并未提及。

40B 本段提到吉他傷碎了男孩的心，或者更準(zhǔn)確地說是一個(gè)工作中的音樂家平凡的生活傷碎了他的心?？梢娨魳芳移椒驳纳詈芰钅泻⑹?。

41C 最后一段提到這本書告訴人們說放棄了兒時(shí)夢想的人終生都會有一種失落感，后悔自己沒有做到…，即此書暗示了沒有夢想的人生是不完整的。

 

PassageTwo

Aswithanyworkofart,themeritofChapmanKelley’s“WildflowerWorksI”wasintheeyeofthebeholder.

Kelley,whonormallyworkswithpaintandcanvas,consideredthetwinovalgardensplantedin1984atDaleyBicentennialParkhismostimportantpiece.

TheChicagoParkDistrictconsidereditapatchofraggedyvegetationonpublicpropertythatcouldbedugupandreplantedatwillliketheflowerboxesalongMichiganAvenue.Andthat’swhathappenedinJune2004,whenthedistrictdecidedtocreateamoreorderlyvistaforpedestrianscrossingfromMillenniumParkviathenewFrankGehryfootbridge.

Ifyou’relookingforevidencethattherubeswhoruntheParkDistrictdon’tknowartwhentheyseeit,allyouhavetodoisvisitwhat’sleftofKelley’smasterpiece.Theexuberant1.5-acretangleofleggywildflowersisnowconfinedtoatidyrectangle,restrainedonallsidesbyaknee-highhedgeandsurroundedbyacloselycroppedlawn.Whitehydrangeasandpinkshrubrosescompletethelook.Wedon’tknowwho’sresponsiblefortheredesign,butwe’llbetthecarpetinhishomedoesn’tgowiththefurniture.

Still,you’dthinktheParkDistrictwaswithinitsrightstoplowunderprairie.Wrong.KelleyjustwonalawsuitinwhichhearguedthatthegardenwaspublicartandthereforeprotectedbythefederalVisualArtistsRightsAct.Underthatlaw,thedistrictshouldhavegivenhim90days’noticethatitintendedtomesswithhisartworkinsteadofrushingheadlongintothedemolition,alaMeigsField.ThatwayKelleycouldhavemountedalegalchallenge,oratleastremovedtheplants.

ParkDistrictofficialssaidtheyneverconsideredthegardenaworkofart,eventhoughitwasinstalledbyanestablishedartistandnot,say,Joe’sSodandLandscaping.Wecanunderstandtheirconfusion.Justrecently,wefiguredoutthatthecagedgreenerydirectlysouthofPritzkerPavilionissupposedtobeanarchitecturalstatementandnotaChristmastreelot.

Allthat’sleftisforthedistricttocompensateKelleyforhisloss.Whateverpricethepartiessettleon,let’shopetheagreementalsoprovidesfortheremovaloftherestof“WildflowerWorksI.”Ifitwasn’taneyesorebefore—andplentyofpeoplethoughtitwas…itsureisnow.

42ItisimpliedinthefirstParagraphthatthepublic______.

A.paidlittleattentionto“WildflowerWorksI”

B.appreciatedthevalueof“WildflowerWorksI”

C.toleratedtheuglinessof“WildflowerWorksI”

D.hadtheirownviewson“WildflowerWorksI”

43Theboldfacedword“rubes”inParagraph4mostlikelymeans______.

A.experts

B.laymen

C.fools

D.artists

44Accordingtothepassage,theonewhoredesignedtheParkmust______.

A.knowKelly’sworkwell

B.haveaterribletasteinart

C.likeconventionallayouts

D.alwaysputthepublic’sneedfirst

45WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtrueabout“WildflowerWorksI”?

A.ItwasdesignedbythefamousartistChapmanKelley.

B.TherearetwoovalgardensatDaleyBicentennialPark.

C.Thepublicvotedfordemolishingthegardens.

D.TheChicagoParkDistrictdidnotdeemitapieceofart.

46WhydidKellywinthelawsuit?

A.Kellyhadaverycapablelawyer.

B.TheParkDistricthadnorighttodemolishit.

C.TheParkDistrictshouldtakethepublic’sopinionfirst.

D.TheParkDistrictshouldhaveinformedKellyofthedemolition.

47What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepresent“WildflowerworksI”?

A.Hetakesaneutralposition

B.Hebelievesinthelongarmofthelaw

C.Heregardsitamasterpieceofpublicart

D.Heisinfavorofdemolishingtheuglygarden.

【答案與解析】

42D 第一段提到公眾對“WildflowerWorksI”的態(tài)度是“intheeyeofthebeholder”（情人眼里出西施），也就是說他們喜歡的就覺得好，不喜歡的就覺得不好，各有各的看法。

43C 本段提到therubs不懂藝術(shù)。rube村夫，鄉(xiāng)下人。laymen外行，凡人。fool傻子，愚人。有句俗話Thefoolwander,thewisemantravel.是說愚人只知道瞎逛，智者才知道欣賞?？梢娺@里的鄉(xiāng)下人是指不懂得欣賞的愚人。

44B 第四段在描述完重新設(shè)計(jì)的thePark后，作者說他敢打賭，重新設(shè)計(jì)者家的地毯肯定與家具不協(xié)調(diào)，也就是說設(shè)計(jì)者極其沒有藝術(shù)品味。

45C 選項(xiàng)A、B、D可分別在第一、二、三段找到相應(yīng)的描述。文章提到thegardens是公眾財(cái)產(chǎn)，公眾也不喜歡它，但沒提到公眾投票將其拆毀。

46D 第五段提到花園受到thefederalVisualArtistsRightsAct的保護(hù)，thedistrict應(yīng)該在采取行動前90天通知Kelly。

47D 最后一段作者提到他希望清除WildflowerWorksI的剩余部分，并說它是aneyesore（一個(gè)刺眼的東西）。由此可見作者支持拆毀這個(gè)花園。

 

PassageThree

Afewyearsago,intheirsearchforwaystosellmoregoods,advertisingmenhitonanewandcontroversialgimmick.Itisasilent,invisiblecommercialthat,theadmenclaim,canberushedpasttheconsumer’sconsciousmindandplantedinhissubconscious—andwithouttheconsumer’sknowledge.

DevelopedbyJamesVicary,aresearchmanwhostudieswhatmakespeoplebuy,thistechniquereliesonthepsychologicalprincipleofsubliminalperception.Scientiststellusthatmanyofthesightscomingtooureyesarenotconsciously“seen.”Weselectonlyafewforconscious“seeing”andignoretherest.Actuallythediscardedimpressionsarerecordedinthebrainthoughtheyarebelowthethresholdofconsciousness.

There’slittledoubtinVicary’smindastothesubliminalad’seffectiveness.Hisproofcanbesummedupinjusttwowords:salesincrease.

Inanunidentifiedmoviehousenotsolongago,unknownaudiencessawacuriousfilmprogram.Atthesametime,onthesamescreenonwhichthefilmherowascourtingtheheroineasubliminalprojectorwasflashingitsinvisiblecommercials.

“Getpopcorn,”orderedthecommercialforareportedonethree-thousandthsofasecondeveryfiveseconds.Itannounced“Coca-Cola”atthesamespeedandfrequencytootheraudiences.Attheendofasixweekstrial,popcornsaleshadgoneup57percent,Cokesales18percent.

ExperimentalFilmsInc.saysthetechniqueisnotnew.Itbeganresearchonsubliminalperceptionin1954.ExperimentalFilmsstressesthatitsequipmentwasdesignedforhelpingproblematicstudentsandtreatingthementallyill.AtNYUtwodoctorsshowedtwentywomentheprojectedimageofanexpressionlessface.Theytoldthesubjectstowatchthefaceforsomechangeofexpression.Thentheyflashedthewordangryonthescreenatsubliminalspeeds.Nowthewomenthoughtthefacelookedunpleasant.Whenthewordhappywasflashedonthescreeninstead,thesubjectsthoughtthewoman’sfacialexpressionlookedmuchmorepleasant.

Subliminaltechniques,itspromotersbelieve,aregoodformorethansellingpopcorn.Perhapstheprocesscanevenbeusedtosellpoliticalcandidates,byleavingafavorableimpressionofthecandidateinthemindsoftheelectoratessubliminally.

Howconvincingaretheseinvisiblecommercials?Skepticalpsychologistsanswerthattheyaren’tanywherenearaseffectiveastheadmenwouldliketothinktheyare.Nothinghasbeenprovenyetscientifically,saysaprominentresearchman.

48Subliminalperceptioniswhenone______.

A.hasanattempttobuywithagoodreason

B.recallssomepasteventsandactivities

C.enjoysseeingsomeimagesinhismind

D.getsamentalpicturewithoutconsciousness

49Toadvertisingsponsors,thetruetestofsubliminalprojectioniswhetherit______.

A.provesworththemoneyspent

B.cancreateamentalimpression

C.helpssellmoreoftheirproducts

D.canarouseangerintheaudience

50Subliminaladsareinvisiblebecausetheyareshownvery______.

A.fast

B.naturally

C.often

D.vaguely

51SubliminaltechniqueshaveNOTbeenusedfor______.

A.promotingsales

B.makingcommercials

C.curingmentalillness

D.sellingpoliticalcandidates

52Somepsychologistsseemtobelievethatsubliminalprojection______.

A.needsacautiousapplication

B.hasnoeffectonsales

C.benefitsthecustomers

D.causesamentalconfusion

53Whatistheauthor’spositiononsubliminalprojectioninads?

A.Herevealsnoneinthepassage.

B.Headvocatesitsprohibition.

C.Heconsidersitanexaggeration.

D.Heacclaimsitseffectiveness.

【答案與解析】

48D 第二段后三句話是科學(xué)家對subliminalperception的解釋。subliminalperception閾下知覺。

49C 第七段提到試驗(yàn)的發(fā)起者相信subliminalprojection不僅有利于賣爆米花，還可以用來推銷政治候選人。對廣告贊助商來說他們的目的就是銷售自己的“商品”。

50A “Getpopcorn,”orderedthecommercialforareportedonethree-thousandthsofasecondeveryfiveseconds.每五秒就有三千分之一秒的廣告。題目問的是為什么閾下廣告是隱形的，那是因?yàn)檫@種廣告播放速度非?？欤恍涯?，但是能使人潛意識感覺到，故對消費(fèi)者能產(chǎn)生影響。vaguely模糊不清的。

51D 倒數(shù)第二段提到promoters認(rèn)為Perhapstheprocesscanevenbeusedtosellpoliticalcandidates，由此可見用此方法推銷政治候選人還只是一種預(yù)想，還并未實(shí)現(xiàn)。

52A 最后一段中提到懷有疑慮的心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為...theyaren’tanywherenearaseffectiveastheadmenwouldliketothinktheyare.subliminalprojection根本沒有廣告者期望的那么有效。所有的一切都還沒經(jīng)科學(xué)證實(shí)。因?yàn)檫€未證實(shí)，所以不能斷言其對銷售無影響，故選項(xiàng)B、C、D不正確。

53A 作者一直在陳述事實(shí)或是別人的觀點(diǎn)看法，自己并未發(fā)表意見。

 

PassageFour

Walkingthroughmytrainyesterday,staggeringfrommyseattothebuffetandback,IcountedfivepeoplereadingHarryPotternovels.Notchildren—thesewererealgrown-upsreadingchildren’sbooks.

Maybethatwouldhavebeenunderstandable.Ifthesepeoplehadjumpedwhole-heartedlyintoasecondchildhood,itwouldhavemademoresense.Buttheywerecard-carryinggrown-upswithlaptopsandspreadsheetsreturningfromsalesmeetingsandseminars.Yettheychosetoreadachildren’sbook.

Idon’timagineyou’llfindthisheadcountexceptional.YoucannolongergetontheLondonTubeandnotseeaHarryPotterbook.Norisitjustthefilm;thesethrowbackreaderswereoutthereindroveslongbeforethemoviecampaignopened.

SowhoaretheseadultreaderswhohavemadeJKRowlingthesecond-biggestfemaleearnerinBritain(afterMadonna)?AsIhavetrampedalongstreetsknee-deepinHarryPotterpaperbacks,I’vementallyslottedthemintothreegroups.

FirstcometheNever-Readers,whomHarryhasenticedintoopeningabook.Isthisabadthing?Probablynot.Writinghasmanyadvantagesoverfilm,butitcannevercompetewithitsmagneticpunch.Ifthesebookscanre-establishthenovelasathrillingexperienceforsomepeople,thenthiscanonlybeforthebetter.Ifittakesobsession-levelhypetolurethemintoabookshop,that’sfinebyme.Butwilltheygoontoreadanythingelse?Again,wecanonlyhope.

ThesecondgrouparetheOccasionalReaders.Thesepeopleclaimthattiredness,workandchildrenallowthemtoreadonlyafewbooksayear.Yetnow—tobepartofthecrowd,tosaythey’vereadit—theyputHarryPotterontheiroh-so-selectreadinglist.It’sinfuriating,andmaddening.Yes,I’mawritermyself,currentlywritingdifficult,unreadable,hopefullyunsettlingnovels,buttherearesomanyothergoodbooksoutthere,somuchrewarding,enlightening,enlargingworksoffictionforadults;andyetthesesadcasesaresweptalongbythehype,thefaddism,intoreadingachildren’sbook.

ThethirdgrouparetheRegularReaders,forwhomHarryissandwichedbetweenMcEwan(英國當(dāng)代作家)andBalzac,Roth(德國現(xiàn)代詩人)andDickens.Thisistherealbaffler—whatonearthdotheygetoutofreadingit?Whybother?Butiftheycanrattlethroughitinaweekjusttosaythey’vebeenthere—likegoingtoLongleat(朗利特山莊英國名勝)ortheEiffelTower—theworstthey’redoingisencouragingothers.

54What’sthepassagemainlyabout?

A.TheworldwidepopularityofHarryPotter.

B.AdultsbenefitingfromreadingHarryPotter.

C.TheoriginofHarryPotterasachildren’sbook.

D.ReflectionsonHarryPotter’spopularityamongadults.

55TheauthorbelievesthatmanyadultsreadHarryPotter______.

A.tofollowsuit

B.tokilltime

C.toenjoyasecondchildhood

D.toshareHarry’sadventures

56Accordingtotheauthor,theNever-Readers______

A.willtakeupreadingastheirlifelonghobby

B.havegotmorefromthebookthanfromthefilm

C.maybarelygetinterestedinotherbooksthanHarryPotter

D.canhardlybedrivenbythecrowdstoreadanybook

57TheOccasionalReadersarereferredtoassadcasesbecause______.

A.they’retoobusytoenjoyregularreading

B.they’resufferingfromtheheavyworkload

C.theyhaveahardtimeselectingwhattoread

D.theirreadingtasteisaffectedbyfashion

58What’sthebadeffectofthewaytheRegularReadersreadHarryPotter?

A.Itwillpromotetoomanyvisitstothebookmentions.

B.Itwilldiscouragepeoplefromreadingrealmasterpieces.

C.Itwillfosterreadingaspartofafast-foodculture.

D.Itwillcauseaconfusionoffaddismwithclassics.

59ThemainculpritforthismadnessaboutHarryPotterismostprobably______

A.JKRowling

B.thepublisher

C.themediahype

D.itsthrillingstories

【答案與解析】

54D 作者首先點(diǎn)明有很多成年人在讀《哈里?波特》，然后將這些成年讀者分為三類并簡要分析了他們選擇看這本書的原因。

55A 第六段作者提到那些偶爾讀書的人讀書是為了tobepartofthecrowd，最