廣東高考英語基礎寫作指導

廣東高考英語卷寫作指導第一講記敘文：如何寫人一、寫作指導高考英語基礎寫作中的寫人側重人物的介紹，可以用第一人稱(如寫求職信)，也可以用第三人稱，時態(tài)常常用一般現在時和一般過去時，具體的人稱和時態(tài)要依據寫作的要求來確定。寫作過程中要注意以下幾個方面的問題：1．人物寫作通常需要介紹人物的姓名、年齡、外貌、學歷、經歷、專業(yè)、愛好、特長、事跡、性格等多個方面，但英語基礎寫作需要嚴格按照寫作要求來寫，包括所給的全部信息點，既不能遺漏，也不能隨意添加。2．對題目所給的信息要進行適當重組，安排好寫作順序，突出重點信息。重點信息通常是寫作的目的所在，比如求職要重點突出學歷、經歷，新聞報道要重點突出事跡，介紹自己的老師、朋友要突出他們的特點，等等。3．正確運用描寫人物的詞匯和句型。4．注意運用正確的時態(tài)。描寫人物的外貌、性格、興趣等常用一般現在時，而描寫人物的出生、教育背景、經歷、事跡常用一般過去時。二、常用詞語外貌特征：beautiful,bignose,blackeyes，fat,good-looking，handsome,healthy,near-sighted，ordinary-looking，pretty，short，strong,tall，thin,withabignose,withabigsmile,white-haired，1.80metrestall,etc.性格特點：absent-minded,attractive，bad-tempered，bereadytohelpothers,bright，charming，confident,diligent，friendly,generous,haveagoodtemper,humorous，independent,kind,kind-hearted，lazy，narrow-minded,naughty，patient，thinkofothers,smart，talkative，warm-hearted，wise，etc.出生年齡：atwenty-five-year-oldyoungman,asaboyof15,attheageof20,bebornonFebruary12th,1987,duringhischildhood,inone’sfifties,liveahappy/hardlife,spendhischildhoodinthecountryside,thesonofapoorfamily,whenhewasasmallboy,etc.興趣愛好：beangrywithsbforsth,beangryabout,bedelightedindoing,begoodatsinging,beinterestedinEnglish,befondofmusic,becrazyabout,bepleasedwith,besickfor,besorryfor,bestrictinone’swork,beworriedabout,dowellinhisresearchwork,,enjoydoing,expecttodo,feelsurprisedat,haveastrongdesiretodo,lookforwardtodoingsth.,longfor(longtodo),makerapidprogressin,putone’sheartinto,takeapleasureindoing;wishtodo,workhardathisstudies,etc.教育背景：beadmittedtoBeijingUniversity,beenrolledin,failinthetest，amaster’sdegree,getonwellwithone’slessons,givesb.apassinggrade,，goabroadtofurtherone’sstudy,graduatefromPhysicsDepartmentofQinghuaUniversity,hisfatherwasverystrictwithhim,layagoodfoundationinEnglish,majorinhistory,4.事件話題(1)學校生活及學習成績beactiveinclass,beinterestedin,beinterestingtosb.,befondof,begoodat,bepoorat,betiredofone’swork,beweakin,doone’shomework,dosportsafterschool,dowellin;educationforall-rounddevelopment(素質教育),examination-orientededucationsystem(應試教育),failinthetest,getadoctor’sdegree,getonwellwithEnglish,getan“A”intheexam,get90marksforEnglish,givesb.apassinggrade,haveagoodcommandofthelanguage,haveeightclasseseveryday,helpwitheachother,layagoodfoundationin,learn…byheart,majorinhistory,makefriendswithsb.,makeprogressin,putone’sheartinto,passtheexamination,studyingroups,succeedindoingsth.,takeanactivepartintheactivity,takeseveralcoursesatschool,workoutaproblem,workonamathsproblem,workhardat,etc.(2)師生關系及其活動befriendlytosb.,bekindtosb,beastrictteacher,bestrictwithone’spupils,bestrictinone’swork,besatisfiedwith,blamesb.forsth,correctthestudents’homeworkcarefully,devoteallone’stimetowork,formagoodhabitof,getonwellwithsb,giveadviceon,givesbalotofwork,helpsbwithsth,makeone’slessonslivelyandinteresting,praisesbforsth.,preparefortomorrow’slesson,questionsbon,teachsb.English,teachsbhowtodosth.,etc.(3)課余活動及周末生活dosomereading,enjoyafamilytrip,enjoydoingsth.,goswimming,goforanouting,gotothecinema,haveanoutingattheseashore,haveaswim,havedancesonweekends,haveapicnicattheweekend,haveaparty,holdasportsmeeting,Internetbar,netfriend,onlineloveaffair(網戀),playthepiano,playchess(basketball),seethesightsofBeijing,spendone’stimeinmanydifferentways,teachinafamily,etc.(4)交通情況abigtrafficjam,atrafficaccident,beverycrowdedinthestreet,beseriouslyinjured,bybus(train/ship/boat),driveacar,flightNo.2130,inasmallboat,givesb.alift,keepright,lieonthestreet,meetsb.atthestation,onthebus(train),onboard,onone’swaytoLondon,onthejourney,onewayonly,pickupsb.,rideabike,rideahorse,seesb.offattheairport,self-serviceticket,takeaflighttoNewYork,trafficlight,travelthroughChina,turnright,etc.(5)度假旅游NewYear’sDay,Women’sDay,MayDay,YouthDay,Children’sDay,Teachers’Day,Mid-AutumnDay,NationalDay,valentine’sDay,theSpringFestival,ahotspot,aplaceofinterest,atouristdestination,afive-starhotel,agoodrestaurant,areturnticket,asingleticket,acitywithalonghistory,aquietvillage,athree-daytour,anexperiencedguide,Beijing2008OlympicGames,beautifulscenery,inpeaktouristseasons,naturalattraction,onone’swaytoFrance,onthebackway,oneofthegreatwondersoftheworld,spendone’sholidaysonthesea,the11thAsianGames,travelagency,thetourroute,theinner-ringroad,traveltoEngland,theGreatWall,theSummerPlace,ZhongshanPark,etc.(6)環(huán)境保護agoodenvironment,areapollution,airpollution,airqualitystandard,AntarcticCircle,atmosphericchemistry,aheavyrain,aheavysnow,bepolluted,behot,becold,becool,becloudy,berainy,besunny,beflooded,climate,carbondioxide(CO2),chemicalchange,chemicalcleaningofcoal,climatechange,dirty,drought,dry,flood,earlywarningsystem,environmentalbehavior,environmentalquality,feelcomfortable,globalwarming,minus20degreescentigrade(-20°),30degreesabovezero(30°)，sealevel,warningcenter,wastes,watersurface,watertreatment,waterpollutioncontrol,weather,windstorm,etc.三、典型例文參考范文：DearJane,Iamverygladtotellyousomethingaboutourschool,GuangdongNo.3Middleschool.Itliesinasmalltownabout15kilometresawayfromtheseaandithasahistoryofover80years.Ourschool,coveringanareaofnearly150thousandsquaremeters,hasmorethan200teachersand3000seniorstudentsIthasthreeteachingbuildingsandsixdormitorybuildings,withmanyflowersandtalltreesallaround,soit’sverybeautiful.InourschoolwelearnChinese,maths,science,English,computer,PE,artsandsomeothersubjects.Wewarmlywelcomeyoutovisitourschoolinthesummerholidays.Bestwishes.Yourssincerely,LiHua參考范文：AbriefIntroductionoftheChineseSpringFestivalTheChineseSpringFestivalcomesonthefirstdayoftheChineseLunarYear,whichisusuallyinFebruary.Thereisanameforeachyear,suchasthedog,themonkey,thetigeroroneofthetwelveanimals,andthisyearistheyearofthepig.BeforetheNewYear’sDay,theChinesepeopleusuallygivetheirhousesagoodcleaningandonthelasteveningoftheoldyear,allthemembersofafamilywillgettogetherandhaveabigmeal.Onthefirstorseconddayofthenewyear,peopleusuallygotovisittheirrelativesandfriendsandgivesomeluckymoneytochildren.IwishyouhaveagoodtimeduringtheSpringFestival.參考范文1.OnJuly27th2007,Friday,we18classmates,includingJohnfromBritain,SinbafromIndiaandKeithfromtheUSA,wenttoLeeFarmtohelpthefarmers.Westartedoffat8o’clockinthemorning,andafteranhour’srideonthebus,wewalkedforanother15minutes.LeeFarmisabout60kilometresnorthwesttoourschool.Afewdaysagoitwashitbyastrongtornado,andmanyappleswereblownontotheground,sowehelpedtopickuptheapplesandputthegoodonesinthebaskets.Wefeltverytiredafterthework,butallofusthoughtitwasagreathelptothefarmers.2.LastWednesdayIgavealectureaboutChina’scultureandhistorytothe7thstudentsfrom9-11:30inthemorning.ThisisthefirsttimeIgavealesson,soIfeltverynervousandgreatpressure.Ipresentedforoneandahalfhours,introducingfromthedynastiesinancienttimestotherevolutionaryinrecenttimes,butIspentalotmoretimeonpresentChina,therenovation,theopenpolicyandtheeconomicdevelopment.Inthefollowinghourweexchangedideasandhadagooddiscussion,butIwassorrytofindthattheyknewlittleaboutChinaandraisedalotofstrangequestions.Ithinkweneedmoreculturalexchangeofthiskind,becausewecangetmorepracticeandtheforeignstudentscanunderstandmoreaboutChina.廣東高考英語卷基礎寫作指導（系列3）

第三講如何寫圖表類說明文

一、寫作指導

圖表類作文一直是高考的熱點，其體裁可以是記敘文、議論文或說明文。本篇介紹如何備考圖表類說明文。

圖表類說明文要求根據圖示、表格等所給的信息，通過定義、描述、數字對比和分類比較等方式，介紹圖表所顯示對象的特征，如形狀、構造、性質、變化、功能、因果和方位等。圖表類說明文常見的話題有：產品介紹、地點描述、方位描寫、觀點對比、變化分析、購物指南和操作說明等。寫作這類文章需注意以下幾點：

1．正確解讀表格，不能添加或遺漏信息。

2．寫作內容要條理清楚，層次分明。說明科技方面的內容常用定義法、比較對比法、分類法和因果法等；說明自然環(huán)境方面的內容常用時空次序法與分類法等。

3．說明文的語言要簡練，用詞要準確，避免夸張華麗的辭藻。

4．時態(tài)常用一般現在時，語態(tài)常用被動語態(tài)，有時用虛擬語氣。

二、常用句型

1.介紹產品

Thecompanyhasmodernequipmentandlotsofseniorexperts.

Thiskindofproductcontainsmuchtopandnewtechnique.

It’sconvenienttocarryandeasytooperate.

It’saboutsixfeetlongandninefeethigh.

Itcostme100yuantobuythisdictionary.

2.介紹學校

Thereweremanysubjectsinourschool,suchasChinese,history,drawingandsoforth.

Ourschoolislocatedatthefootofagreenhill.

Inthemiddleoftheflowerbedthereisafountainwithmanycoloredflowersaroundit.

Infrontoftheschoolisabeautifulgardenwithalibraryonitsleftandalaboratoryonitsright.

Atthebackoftheschoolarethestudents’dormitoryandthedinning-hall,infrontofwhichliesthelargesportsfield.

Theteacher’sdormitorystandsbetweentheteachingbuildingandthestudents’dormitory.

3．行路指引

ItisnotverydifficulttofindyourwayfromtheDongfangHoteltotherailwaystation.

Whenyougetoutofthestation,turnleftandwalkdownthestreetuntilyouseethetrafficlights.

Turnrightatthethirdturning,andyouwillseeapostofficeatthecorner.

Goeastwardandyouwillseethemuseumoppositetothelibrary.

BusNo.2willtakeyourightthere.

Itwilltakeyouabout10minutestogettherebysubway.

4．介紹地方

TiananmenSquare,thelargestsquareintheworld,coversanareaofonemillionsquaremetres.

Guangzhou,thecapitalofGuangdongProvince,liesinthesouthofChina.

Ithasanareaof10,000squarekilometerswithapopulationofover2million.

Itisrichinnaturalsources,suchascoal,oilandgold.

Theweatherisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.

Builtinthe18thcentury,thetowerhaswitnessedtoomuchcomingandgoinginhistory.

5．新舊對比

Ourhometownusedtobeabeautifulplace,withthicktreesandgreengrasseverywhere.

Nowadayssomestudentscannotgotocollegebecauseofhightuitionfees.

Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfewyears.

ItisknowntousallthatthelivingstandardoftheChinesepeoplehasgreatlyimproved.Inthelastdecades,advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletolivelongerthaninthepast.

Thesedays,peopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtocomplainthatworkismorestressfulandlessleisurelythaninthepast.

6．數量表達

Outputisup30%lastyear.

Unemploymentmorethandoubledin1996.

Thepopulationhereisincreasingyearbyyear.

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,fourmillionpeopledieeachyearfromdiseaseslinkedtosmoking.

Fromthetablewecanseethattheworldpopulationisincreasingrapidly.

Thelatestsurveyshowsthatquiteafewchildrenhaveunpleasantassociationswithhomework.

Aninvestigationshowsthatmanyemigrantsthinkthatworkingatcityprovidesthemwithnotonlyahighersalarybutalsotheopportunityoflearningnewskills.

Statisticsshowa20%rise(reduction)intrafficaccidentscomparedwithlastyear.

Bicyclecan’tbecomparedwithothermeansoftransportationlikecarandtrainforspeedandcomfort.

三、實例分析

【例文1】父母為子女選擇小學的情況調查

最近學校研究性學習小組對3000多名年輕的父母做了一個調查，調查主題、結果等內容如下表所示，請用英文給校英文廣播站寫一篇簡介，介紹調查的情況。

寫作要求：

1．簡介必須包括圖表所給的全部內容；

2．只能使用5個句子。

參考范文：

Recentlyasurveywasdonetoinvestigatewhatparentscaremostinchoosingprimaryschools.Thesurveyshowsthatlocationisthekeyfactorinchoosingschoolsfortheirchildren—halfofthoseinterviewedsaidthatbeingclosetotheirhomeswasthemostimportantfactorintheirchoice.

Teachingqualitycamesecond,withnearly40%oftheparentsworryingabouttheirchildren’sfuturecareer.Thesurveyalsoshowsthatone-tenthofthemexpectthatschoolshaveadvancedfacilities.

Morethan3,000parentsweresurveyedintheresearch.

【例文2】樓盤介紹

假設暑假你到某樓盤打工，正好有幾名外國客人想買一套公寓樓，公寓樓及其周邊的一些基本信息如下。請書面用英文向這幾位客人介紹一下這套公寓樓。

寫作要求：

1．簡介必須包括圖表所給的全部內容；

2．只能使用5個句子。

3．參考詞匯：公寓樓apartment公寓單間flat

參考范文：

Theflathas110squaremetres,withonesitting-room,threebedrooms,onebathroomandonekitchen.Facingsouth,itisquitebrightintheroomsatdaytime.Notfarawayfromtheapartmentthereisasupermarket,aclinic,akindergartenandabus-stop.Thebuscanaccessthesubwaydirectly.Thepricefortheflatisabout6000RMBpersquaremetre.

四、即時訓練【練習1】簡介我國高等教育的發(fā)展情況

假設你在政府部門見習，請根據以下圖標的信息，向幾位到訪外國客人詢問你所在城市的教育發(fā)Z展情