2023學(xué)年完整公開(kāi)課版《Module4SandstormsinAsia（Grammar）》教學(xué)

Module4SandstormsinAsiaGrammar1&2

Grammar1不定式的用法不定式的句法功能1.作主語(yǔ):往往放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后,用it作形式主語(yǔ)。

e.g:

Toseeistobelieve.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking._____withhimisagreatpleasure.A.TotalkB.TalkC.TalkedD.Totalking本題考察動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)的情況,動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,其他三項(xiàng)都不能用來(lái)做主語(yǔ)。本句的意思是:跟他聊天是件很快樂(lè)的事。A2.作賓語(yǔ):作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),往往把不定式放在補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后,而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。

e.g.:

Hewantedtogo.IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.

Ididn’t________ituntilyouhadexplainedhow.A.managetodoB.managedtodoC.managetohavedoneD.managedoing本句的意思是：直到你解釋了如何去做我才能做到成功。manage后面用todo形式作賓語(yǔ)。A3.做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

e.g.:

Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.

在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中,不定式不帶to。Thegovernmentcallsonus_______ourproduction.A.IncreasedB.increasingC.IncreaseD.toincrease本句意思是:政府號(hào)召我們?cè)黾由a(chǎn)。本題考察動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),通常用語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞和一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)之后。如:wantsbtodo,wishsbtodo,asksbtodo.

D不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)省略to的情況有下列口訣：一感二聽(tīng)三讓五看半幫助。但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),就必須帶上toe.g.:Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.4.

作定語(yǔ)Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等時(shí),不定式后面必須有相應(yīng)的介詞。e.g.：Heislookingforaroomtolivein.當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式即可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),也可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但含義有所不同。試比較：Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么東西要（自己）寄嗎？Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么東西要（我或別人）寄嗎？Atlast,theyfoundahouse_________.A.toleavehisthingswithB.toleavehisthingsinC.leavinghisthingsinD.leavinghisthings本句的意思是：最后他們終于找到了一間可以存放東西的屋子。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式的地點(diǎn),工具等時(shí),不定式后面應(yīng)有必要的介詞。B5.作狀語(yǔ),表示目的,原因,結(jié)果或條件。

e.g.:IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtofindnobodythere.Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.目的原因結(jié)果條件6.作表語(yǔ)

e.g.:Myjobistohelpthepatient.

注意：主、表都是不定式,前者為條件,后者為目的或結(jié)果。

Tolearnalanguageistouseit.Mychiefpurposeis_______thedifficultiesofthematter.A.pointingoutB.tobepointedC.pointedD.topointout本句的意思是:我的主要目的是指出問(wèn)題的難處?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式做表語(yǔ)的情況。Pointout是“指出”的意思。D

1.Therearefivepairs____,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosen

B.tochoosefromC.tochoose

D.forchoosingExercises:B2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.A.expected

B.toexpectC.tobeexpecting

D.expectsB3.___lateintheafternoon.Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.Tosleep

B.SleepingC.Sleep

D.HavingsleepA4.Withalotofproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settled

B.settlingC.tosettle

D.beingsettledC5.Herwishis______adoctor.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcomeC1.不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生,或是在它之后發(fā)生。

e.g:Isawhimgoout.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)2.如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)。

e.g:Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.3.如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,就要用完成時(shí)。

e.g:I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.4.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。

e.g:Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.1.Tom____whentheyspokeillofhim.A.happenedtobepassedB.happenedtobepassingbyC.happenedpassingbyD.happenedtopassed

ExerciseB2.Alltheroomsinthehouserequire______.A.beingcleanedB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleanedC3.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only___thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldBFillinbalnkswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Itisfrightening____________(walk)intheroadinasandstorm.IhopeIwouldreachhomesoon.2.Expertshope_______(learn)moreaboutthemovementofsandstorms.tobewalkingtolearn

Exercises3.I’dlike_______________(tell)aboutthesituationbeforenow.4.Theworkneeds__________________________(complete)bytheendoftheweek.5.Myfatherwasoutofthecitywhenthesandstormcame.Hewasveryglad_____________(miss)it.tohavebeentold

tobecompleted/tohavemissed

completing6.Thebuildinghas_____________(finish)bytheendoftheyear.7.______(see)arealsandstormwasveryfrightening.tobefinished

Tosee

Grammar21.不定式在介詞but,except,besides,otherthan后面時(shí),如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do(非助動(dòng)詞)的各種形式時(shí),那么這些介詞后面的不定式不帶to,否定帶to。but+不定式的用法e.g.:Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttowait.Therewasnothingformetodo

otherthanwaituntilthemeetingwasover.IhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.2.當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是can’t,can’thelp,can’tchoose等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),but,except,besides后的不定式to也省略。

E.g.:Wecan’tbutadmirehisbravery.Wecan’tchoosebutwait。

SheissuchalovelygirlthatIcan’thelpbutloveher.注意:

but作“除了……以外”解時(shí),若前面部分有do,did,done時(shí),but之后接dosth.反之,后接todosth.Hecandonothingbutwait.Hewantednothingbuttoplayinthepark.1.Sandycoulddonothingbut_____tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmitExercisesA2.---Howdidyouspendyourweekend,Jone?---Ididn’tfindanythinginterestingforme___somewashingformymother.A.butdidB.butdoC.butdoingD.buttodoD3.Thestudentsdidnothingexcept____alldaylong.A.playedB.playingC.playD.toplayC

Ican’thelp/buthopethattheywillsucceed.2.Ican’thelpbutthink/tothinkthatitwasamistake.3.Ican’tchose/choosebutdoit.Underlinethecorrectanswer.

Hedoesnothingbutcomplaining/complain.5.Ican’thelpbuttolove/loveher.6.Theworkersdonothing/notbutdrinkteaandtalktoeachother.高考鏈接

(2003年上海卷43小題)An

army

spokesmanstressed

that

all

the

soldiers

had

been

ordered________

clear

warnings

before

firing

anyshots.A.

to

issueB.

being

issuedC.

to

have

issuedD.

to

be

issued題意：軍方發(fā)言人強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)：所有的士兵都接到命令，在開(kāi)槍射擊之前要發(fā)出鳴槍警告。本題考查的是order

to

do

sth的不定式作賓語(yǔ)的用法。句子本身較長(zhǎng)，要會(huì)分析出句子的大致成分及語(yǔ)法關(guān)系，才能正確做出判斷。正確答案為B。B2.(2003年北京卷21小題)The

teacher

asked

us________

so

much

noise

.

A.

don’t

makeB.

not

makeC.

not

makingD.

not

to

make題意：老師讓我們不要弄出太大噪音。本題考查不定式用法，在動(dòng)詞ask后面不定